INTC 1307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 6 AC Bridges
|
|
- Mercy Washington
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IHLAN OLLEGE chool of Engineering & Technology ev. 0 W. lonecker ev. (8/6/0) J. Bradbury INT 307 Instrumentation Test Equipment Teaching Unit 6 A Bridges Unit 6: A Bridges OBJETIVE:. To explain the operation of an A Bridge.. To review A concepts of frequency and effects on L circuits. 3. To explain the requirements of balancing an A Bridge. 4. To null an A Bridge. A Bridge onfiguration When the four resistive arms of the basic Wheatstone bridge are replaced by impedances and the bridge is excited by an A source, the result is an A Bridge. Now, to balance the bridge, two 3 conditions must be satisfied, the resistive () and the reactive components ( or L ). Once balanced, the A Bridge indicates a null. A bridge circuits are also used for shifting phase, 4 providing feedback paths for oscillators and amplifiers, filtering out undesired signals, and measuring the frequency of audio and radio frequency (rf) signals. At balance: indicates the magnitude of the impedance θ = 3 θ 3 θ 4 θ 4 ( θ )( 4 θ 4 )=( θ )( 3 θ 3 ) 4 3 and θ θ 4 = θ 3 θ 3 The null or balanced condition occurs when detector current becomes ero (no voltage difference occurs from Y to ). This means that the impedance () of the detector circuit appears infinite ( ), or as an 3 apparent open circuit, so that each leg of the bridge is isolated from the other leg. I A I B Y For this balance condition, 4 V V3 V V4 I A = I B 3 I A = I B 4 I A I B3 so 3 I I and 4 = 3 A B 4 4 and 4 = 3 indicates both magnitude and phase Page of 8
2 This is the general bridge equation and applies to any four arm bridge circuit whether branches are pure resistances or combinations of,, and L. Most of the time, the balance equation is not dependent upon frequency. When the bridge is not balanced, these equations are not correct. The circuit is complex and must be written in complex form = θ. A Bridge alculations 00Ω 60 50Ω 3 For example, the A Bridge at right is balanced. In order to use the bridge equation, complex forms must be multiplied. When multiplying or dividing, the polar complex form is easiest to use. When adding or subtracting, the rectangular complex form is easiest to use j 300Ω 4 UNKNOWN ince and 3 are already in polar form, change to polar form and solve for 4. onversion of, 00 + j 300Ω, to polar form: tan j L = 300 L 3.0 o Arc tan = 00 36Ω7. 6 in L L 300Ω = 36Ω sin 7.6 sin = 3 The bridge equation 3 (36.6 )(50) 4 4 = = =37 Ω.6 4 = 37 Ω. 6 onversion of 37Ω.6 to rectangular form j 37Ω. 6 in L L in 37Ω(in.6 ) os = os 37Ω(os.6 ) 4 = 3 + j47.7 Ω Page of 8
3 eview of Basic A oncepts esistance: esistors limit current and dissipate power. There is no phase shift across pure resistance. hanges in frequency cause no change in the value of the resistance. V I = 0 freq. no change with frequency = Page 3 of 8
4 Inductance: Inductance opposes any change in current. is the symbol for Inductive eactance which is the opposition to the flow of A current measured in ohms. An inductor causes the current through the inductor to lag the voltage across the inductor by 90 degrees. N A L VL L L 90 I L j L =πƒl frequency apacitance: apacitance opposes any change in voltage. is the symbol for apacitive eactance which is the opposition to the flow of A current measured in ohms. apacitance causes the voltage across the capacitor to lag the current through the capacitor by 90 degrees. Q Q V= V Q = charge j L ircuits: = j I is the same everywhere in a series circuit. I T V j I T L j L L L = + j L 0 ƒ ƒ ƒ = + jl at, L = 0 so = 0 θ=0 +j90 at mid freq. = + j L, when L =, 45 at high freq. L = = L θ=90 If V g is constant as ƒ increases, remains constant, both L and increase, and I T decreases. Page 4 of 8
5 ircuits: = j = f 0 -j 0 0 ƒ ƒ ƒ at, =, = 90 at mid freq. =, θ= 45 = - j 45 at high freq. = 0Ω = 0 L ircuits = + j ( L ) L at low freq. (dc) L = 0, = j 90 The circuit is open! at ƒco min, > L, = j( L) and = j, when =, = -45 at ƒ 0, = 0, L = so they cancel each other leaving = at ƒco max, < L, = + j( L ) = + j when =, = 45 at high freq. L =, = 0, = + j L, = 90 ƒo min ƒo max ƒo + - : I ƒo 0 ƒ ƒ Impedance vs. freq. urrent vs. freq. ƒo is the resonant frequency when L = Practical problem: Find the value of 4 to balance this A bridge. 400Ω 00Ω in series with 0.059H L = πƒl = L3 = 00Ω 7 f = Ω 3 = 400Ω0 = 300 j398ω = 500Ω = 00 + j00ω = 3.6Ω Ω in series with 0.4F UNKNOWN = 4 = 3 ( ) ( ) = = Ω.8f Page 5 of 8
6 apacitor Equivalent ircuits: Except for electrolytic capacitors, capacitors have almost no intrinsic resistance. Electrolytic leakage and dissipation factors are modeled using parallel/series resistances. P is called leakage resistance and is in parallel with the actual capacitance. The P / P parallel circuit shown below is equivalent to the series / circuit. Electrolytic capacitors have a relatively low P ; other types of capacitors have extremely high P. The higher the P the less the leakage current so the capacitor can better maintain its charge and voltage. If P decreases, the capacitor no longer acts as a capacitor; the leakage increases to the point that the capacitor appears as a resistor. P P = P = P( + ) Bridges measure the ratio of reactance to resistance for the component under test. This ratio is called the dissipation factor,, which is directly proportional to the power loss per cycle. A capacitor with a low leakage loss (keeps its charge when disconnected) is a high quality capacitor. P P f PP f P P f f f Inductor Equivalent ircuits: Inductors are formed by winding a coil of wire. This wire has resistance. Each inductor then has a series resistance along with its inductance. This ratio of Inductive eactance to its coil wire resistance is the storage factor or quality factor, Q. This Q factor is directly proportional to the energy stored per cycle. The greater the dissipation factor, the lower the Q of the coil. L Q = fl P L P Q = P P f L Q = P P Page 6 of 8
7 apacitance Bridges: If the bridge is balanced, an apparent open circuit occurs from Y to. At that balance point, the ratio of each leg to the other is such that the voltage drops and the phase angles are the same, just as in a balanced Impedance Bridge. The standard frequency of the voltage source for these A bridges is 000 Hz. The following formulae show that frequency is not necessary for a capacitance bridge to operate at balance. V V khz 0eg U V f f f f f f f (ivide out πf) apacitance Bridge Example: For unknown, = 50kΩ, = 0.0F, and = 300kΩ for balance, then = 0.06F ince reactance is a function of frequency, it is possible with capacitors to obtain a very low reactance for (the unknown) for a frequency of khz. For example, if = 0F then its reactance is 5.9Ω. For an fixed at 0kΩ, the source voltage divider ratio for - would be only.5% or 5mV for a v M source. The sharpest nulls are obtained for divider ratios of 50%, so a.5% ratio would give a very weak null. However, if the source frequency were lowered to 50 Hz and lowered to kω, the reactance would be 38.3Ω and the divider ratio would be 30%. This ratio gives a much better null. o although frequency divides out of the balance equation, it can and does impact bridge accuracy. Other Bridges: This discussion has covered the basic concepts of bridges. Other bridges are Inductance, imilar Angle, Opposite Angle, Wien, adio Frequency, chering, and Owen bridges. A Maxwell-Wien Bridge is shown below (often called the Maxwell bridge), and is used to measure unknown inductances in terms of calibrated resistance and capacitance. alibration-grade inductors are more difficult to manufacture than capacitors of similar precision, and so the use of a simple "symmetrical" inductance bridge is not always practical. Because the phase shifts of inductors and capacitors are exactly opposite each other, a capacitive impedance can balance out an inductive impedance if they are located in opposite legs of a bridge, as they are here. Page 7 of 8
8 V V khz 0eg L V U 3 50% Maxwell-Wien Bridge The balance of the Maxwell-Wien bridge is independent of source frequency, (with the understanding of divider ratios already discussed) and in some cases this bridge can be made to balance in the presence of mixed frequencies from the A voltage source, the limiting factor being the inductor's stability over a wide frequency range. Bridge Equations: L = = /3 Page 8 of 8
CHAPTER 5 DC AND AC BRIDGE
5. Introduction HAPTE 5 D AND A BIDGE Bridge circuits, which are instruments for making comparison measurements, are widely used to measure resistance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance. Bridge circuits
More informationAlternating Current Circuits
Alternating Current Circuits AC Circuit An AC circuit consists of a combination of circuit elements and an AC generator or source. The output of an AC generator is sinusoidal and varies with time according
More informationmywbut.com Lesson 16 Solution of Current in AC Parallel and Seriesparallel
esson 6 Solution of urrent in Parallel and Seriesparallel ircuits n the last lesson, the following points were described:. How to compute the total impedance/admittance in series/parallel circuits?. How
More informationPhysics 142 AC Circuits Page 1. AC Circuits. I ve had a perfectly lovely evening but this wasn t it. Groucho Marx
Physics 142 A ircuits Page 1 A ircuits I ve had a perfectly lovely evening but this wasn t it. Groucho Marx Alternating current: generators and values It is relatively easy to devise a source (a generator
More informationSingle Phase Parallel AC Circuits
Single Phase Parallel AC Circuits 1 Single Phase Parallel A.C. Circuits (Much of this material has come from Electrical & Electronic Principles & Technology by John Bird) n parallel a.c. circuits similar
More informationLCR Series Circuits. AC Theory. Introduction to LCR Series Circuits. Module. What you'll learn in Module 9. Module 9 Introduction
Module 9 AC Theory LCR Series Circuits Introduction to LCR Series Circuits What you'll learn in Module 9. Module 9 Introduction Introduction to LCR Series Circuits. Section 9.1 LCR Series Circuits. Amazing
More informationBME/ISE 3511 Bioelectronics - Test Six Course Notes Fall 2016
BME/ISE 35 Bioelectronics - Test Six ourse Notes Fall 06 Alternating urrent apacitive & Inductive Reactance and omplex Impedance R & R ircuit Analyses (D Transients, Time onstants, Steady State) Electrical
More informationCHEM*3440. Current Convention. Charge. Potential Energy. Chemical Instrumentation. Rudimentary Electronics. Topic 3
urrent onvention HEM*3440 hemical nstrumentation Topic 3 udimentary Electronics ONENTON: Electrical current flows from a region of positive potential energy to a region of more negative (or less positive)
More informationCapacitor. Capacitor (Cont d)
1 2 1 Capacitor Capacitor is a passive two-terminal component storing the energy in an electric field charged by the voltage across the dielectric. Fixed Polarized Variable Capacitance is the ratio of
More informationCHAPTER 22 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
CHAPTER 22 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION PROBLEMS 47. REASONING AND Using Equation 22.7, we find emf 2 M I or M ( emf 2 ) t ( 0.2 V) ( 0.4 s) t I (.6 A) ( 3.4 A) 9.3 0 3 H 49. SSM REASONING AND From the results
More informationModule 4. Single-phase AC circuits. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 4 Single-phase circuits ersion EE T, Kharagpur esson 6 Solution of urrent in Parallel and Seriesparallel ircuits ersion EE T, Kharagpur n the last lesson, the following points were described:. How
More informationCircuit Analysis-II. Circuit Analysis-II Lecture # 5 Monday 23 rd April, 18
Circuit Analysis-II Capacitors in AC Circuits Introduction ü The instantaneous capacitor current is equal to the capacitance times the instantaneous rate of change of the voltage across the capacitor.
More informationSeries and Parallel ac Circuits
Series and Parallel ac Circuits 15 Objectives Become familiar with the characteristics of series and parallel ac networks and be able to find current, voltage, and power levels for each element. Be able
More informationAC Circuits Homework Set
Problem 1. In an oscillating LC circuit in which C=4.0 μf, the maximum potential difference across the capacitor during the oscillations is 1.50 V and the maximum current through the inductor is 50.0 ma.
More informationBridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Advantages of Bridge Circuit
2 Bridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Bridges are often used for the precision measurement of component values, like resistance, inductance, capacitance, etc. The simplest form of a bridge circuit consists
More information12 Chapter Driven RLC Circuits
hapter Driven ircuits. A Sources... -. A ircuits with a Source and One ircuit Element... -3.. Purely esistive oad... -3.. Purely Inductive oad... -6..3 Purely apacitive oad... -8.3 The Series ircuit...
More informationChapter 33. Alternating Current Circuits
Chapter 33 Alternating Current Circuits 1 Capacitor Resistor + Q = C V = I R R I + + Inductance d I Vab = L dt AC power source The AC power source provides an alternative voltage, Notation - Lower case
More informationChapter 2 Circuit Elements
hapter ircuit Elements hapter ircuit Elements.... Introduction.... ircuit Element onstruction....3 esistor....4 Inductor... 4.5 apacitor... 6.6 Element Basics... 8.6. Element eciprocals... 8.6. eactance...
More informationTo investigate further the series LCR circuit, especially around the point of minimum impedance. 1 Electricity & Electronics Constructor EEC470
Series esonance OBJECTIE To investigate further the series LC circuit, especially around the point of minimum impedance. EQUIPMENT EQUIED Qty Apparatus Electricity & Electronics Constructor EEC470 Basic
More informationSchedule. ECEN 301 Discussion #20 Exam 2 Review 1. Lab Due date. Title Chapters HW Due date. Date Day Class No. 10 Nov Mon 20 Exam Review.
Schedule Date Day lass No. 0 Nov Mon 0 Exam Review Nov Tue Title hapters HW Due date Nov Wed Boolean Algebra 3. 3.3 ab Due date AB 7 Exam EXAM 3 Nov Thu 4 Nov Fri Recitation 5 Nov Sat 6 Nov Sun 7 Nov Mon
More informationModule 4. Single-phase AC Circuits. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1
Module 4 Single-phase A ircuits ersion EE IIT, Kharagpur esson 4 Solution of urrent in -- Series ircuits ersion EE IIT, Kharagpur In the last lesson, two points were described:. How to represent a sinusoidal
More informationBME/ISE 3511 Bioelectronics - Test Five Review Notes Fall 2015
BME/ISE 35 Bioelectronics - Test Five Review Notes Fall 205 Test Five Topics: RMS Resistive Power oss (I 2 R) A Reactance, Impedance, Power Factor R ircuit Analysis alculate Series R Impedance alculate
More informationALTERNATING CURRENT
ATENATING UENT Important oints:. The alternating current (A) is generally expressed as ( ) I I sin ω t + φ Where i peak value of alternating current.. emf of an alternating current source is generally
More informationDC and AC Impedance of Reactive Elements
3/6/20 D and A Impedance of Reactive Elements /6 D and A Impedance of Reactive Elements Now, recall from EES 2 the complex impedances of our basic circuit elements: ZR = R Z = jω ZL = jωl For a D signal
More informationPart 4: Electromagnetism. 4.1: Induction. A. Faraday's Law. The magnetic flux through a loop of wire is
1 Part 4: Electromagnetism 4.1: Induction A. Faraday's Law The magnetic flux through a loop of wire is Φ = BA cos θ B A B = magnetic field penetrating loop [T] A = area of loop [m 2 ] = angle between field
More informationUnit 21 Capacitance in AC Circuits
Unit 21 Capacitance in AC Circuits Objectives: Explain why current appears to flow through a capacitor in an AC circuit. Discuss capacitive reactance. Discuss the relationship of voltage and current in
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 40) eminder: Exam this Wednesday 6/3 ecture 0-4 4 questions. Electricity and Magnetism nduced voltages and induction Self-nductance Circuits Energy in magnetic fields AC circuits and
More informationLecture 21. Resonance and power in AC circuits. Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 1
Physics 1 ecture 1 esonance and power in A circuits Physics 1 ecture 1, Slide 1 I max X X = w I max X w e max I max X X = 1/w I max I max I max X e max = I max Z I max I max (X -X ) f X -X Physics 1 ecture
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 10 6/12/2007 Electricity and Magnetism Induced voltages and induction Self-Inductance RL Circuits Energy in magnetic fields AC circuits and EM waves Resistors, capacitors
More informationElectronics. Basics & Applications. group talk Daniel Biesinger
Electronics Basics & Applications group talk 23.7.2010 by Daniel Biesinger 1 2 Contents Contents Basics Simple applications Equivalent circuit Impedance & Reactance More advanced applications - RC circuits
More informationHandout 11: AC circuit. AC generator
Handout : AC circuit AC generator Figure compares the voltage across the directcurrent (DC) generator and that across the alternatingcurrent (AC) generator For DC generator, the voltage is constant For
More informationCHAPTER 5. BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements. Dr. Wael Salah
CHAPTER 5 BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements 1 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Conventional Ways of Measuring Resistance:- 1) Using a Ohmmeter Convenient but inaccurate, requires calibration
More informationChapter 28: Alternating Current
hapter 8: Alternating urrent Phasors and Alternating urrents Alternating current (A current) urrent which varies sinusoidally in tie is called alternating current (A) as opposed to direct current (D).
More informationMODULE-4 RESONANCE CIRCUITS
Introduction: MODULE-4 RESONANCE CIRCUITS Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which the capacitive and inductive Reactance s are equal in magnitude, there by resulting in purely resistive impedance.
More informationAssessment Schedule 2015 Physics: Demonstrate understanding of electrical systems (91526)
NCEA Level 3 Physics (91526) 2015 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2015 Physics: Demonstrate understanding of electrical systems (91526) Evidence Q Evidence Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement
More informationChapter 6 Objectives
hapter 6 Engr8 ircuit Analysis Dr urtis Nelson hapter 6 Objectives Understand relationships between voltage, current, power, and energy in inductors and capacitors; Know that current must be continuous
More informationEE221 Circuits II. Chapter 14 Frequency Response
EE22 Circuits II Chapter 4 Frequency Response Frequency Response Chapter 4 4. Introduction 4.2 Transfer Function 4.3 Bode Plots 4.4 Series Resonance 4.5 Parallel Resonance 4.6 Passive Filters 4.7 Active
More informationCh. 23 Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, And Electrical Technologies
Ch. 23 Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, And Electrical Technologies Induced emf - Faraday s Experiment When a magnet moves toward a loop of wire, the ammeter shows the presence of a current When
More informationCourse Updates. Reminders: 1) Assignment #10 due Today. 2) Quiz # 5 Friday (Chap 29, 30) 3) Start AC Circuits
ourse Updates http://www.phys.hawaii.edu/~varner/phys272-spr10/physics272.html eminders: 1) Assignment #10 due Today 2) Quiz # 5 Friday (hap 29, 30) 3) Start A ircuits Alternating urrents (hap 31) In this
More informationFACULTY OF ENGINEERING LAB SHEET. IM1: Wheatstone and Maxwell Wien Bridges
FCULTY OF ENGINEEING LB SHEET EEL96 Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques TIMESTE 08-09 IM: Wheatstone and Maxwell Wien Bridges *Note: Please calculate the computed values for Tables. and. before the
More informationKirchhoff's Laws and Circuit Analysis (EC 2)
Kirchhoff's Laws and Circuit Analysis (EC ) Circuit analysis: solving for I and V at each element Linear circuits: involve resistors, capacitors, inductors Initial analysis uses only resistors Power sources,
More informationChapter 31: RLC Circuits. PHY2049: Chapter 31 1
hapter 31: RL ircuits PHY049: hapter 31 1 L Oscillations onservation of energy Topics Damped oscillations in RL circuits Energy loss A current RMS quantities Forced oscillations Resistance, reactance,
More informationPHYS 241 EXAM #2 November 9, 2006
1. ( 5 points) A resistance R and a 3.9 H inductance are in series across a 60 Hz AC voltage. The voltage across the resistor is 23 V and the voltage across the inductor is 35 V. Assume that all voltages
More information8.1 Alternating Voltage and Alternating Current ( A. C. )
8 - ALTENATING UENT Page 8. Alternating Voltage and Alternating urrent ( A.. ) The following figure shows N turns of a coil of conducting wire PQS rotating with a uniform angular speed ω with respect to
More informationRLC Series Circuit. We can define effective resistances for capacitors and inductors: 1 = Capacitive reactance:
RLC Series Circuit In this exercise you will investigate the effects of changing inductance, capacitance, resistance, and frequency on an RLC series AC circuit. We can define effective resistances for
More informationElectromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current. 1. Electromagnetic oscillations and LC circuit 2. Alternating Current 3.
Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current 1. Electromagnetic oscillations and LC circuit 2. Alternating Current 3. RLC circuit in AC 1 RL and RC circuits RL RC Charging Discharging I = emf R
More informationChapter 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current LC Oscillations, Qualitatively
Chapter 3 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current LC Oscillations, Qualitatively In the LC circuit the charge, current, and potential difference vary sinusoidally (with period T and angular
More informationCIRCUIT IMPEDANCE. By: Enzo Paterno Date: 05/2007
IMPEDANE IUIT IMPEDANE By: Enzo Paterno Date: 05/007 5/007 Enzo Paterno Inductors Source Acknowledgement: 3//03 IMPEDANE - IMPEDANE OF EEMENTS 5/007 Enzo Paterno 3 IMPEDANE - esistance: [ Ω ] ESISTIVE
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
Chapter 31: ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS AND ALTERNATING CURRENT 1 A charged capacitor and an inductor are connected in series At time t = 0 the current is zero, but the capacitor is charged If T is the
More informationChapter 32A AC Circuits. A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University
Chapter 32A AC Circuits A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University 2007 Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to: Describe
More informationREACTANCE. By: Enzo Paterno Date: 03/2013
REACTANCE REACTANCE By: Enzo Paterno Date: 03/2013 5/2007 Enzo Paterno 1 RESISTANCE - R i R (t R A resistor for all practical purposes is unaffected by the frequency of the applied sinusoidal voltage or
More informationEXPERIMENT 07 TO STUDY DC RC CIRCUIT AND TRANSIENT PHENOMENA
EXPERIMENT 07 TO STUDY DC RC CIRCUIT AND TRANSIENT PHENOMENA DISCUSSION The capacitor is a element which stores electric energy by charging the charge on it. Bear in mind that the charge on a capacitor
More informationAlternating Currents. The power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage ac because (a) Electric current travels faster at higher volts (b) It is more economical due to less power wastage (c)
More informationPre-Lab. Introduction
Pre-Lab Read through this entire lab. Perform all of your calculations (calculated values) prior to making the required circuit measurements. You may need to measure circuit component values to obtain
More informationEE221 Circuits II. Chapter 14 Frequency Response
EE22 Circuits II Chapter 4 Frequency Response Frequency Response Chapter 4 4. Introduction 4.2 Transfer Function 4.3 Bode Plots 4.4 Series Resonance 4.5 Parallel Resonance 4.6 Passive Filters 4.7 Active
More informationEXP. NO. 3 Power on (resistive inductive & capacitive) load Series connection
OBJECT: To examine the power distribution on (R, L, C) series circuit. APPARATUS 1-signal function generator 2- Oscilloscope, A.V.O meter 3- Resisters & inductor &capacitor THEORY the following form for
More informationChapter 3: Capacitors, Inductors, and Complex Impedance
hapter 3: apacitors, Inductors, and omplex Impedance In this chapter we introduce the concept of complex resistance, or impedance, by studying two reactive circuit elements, the capacitor and the inductor.
More informationSome Important Electrical Units
Some Important Electrical Units Quantity Unit Symbol Current Charge Voltage Resistance Power Ampere Coulomb Volt Ohm Watt A C V W W These derived units are based on fundamental units from the meterkilogram-second
More informationInductance. Slide 2 / 26. Slide 1 / 26. Slide 4 / 26. Slide 3 / 26. Slide 6 / 26. Slide 5 / 26. Mutual Inductance. Mutual Inductance.
Slide 1 / 26 Inductance 2011 by Bryan Pflueger Slide 2 / 26 Mutual Inductance If two coils of wire are placed near each other and have a current passing through them, they will each induce an emf on one
More informationRLC Circuit (3) We can then write the differential equation for charge on the capacitor. The solution of this differential equation is
RLC Circuit (3) We can then write the differential equation for charge on the capacitor The solution of this differential equation is (damped harmonic oscillation!), where 25 RLC Circuit (4) If we charge
More informationSinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits
Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits Series RL circuit Series RC circuit Series RLC circuit Parallel RL circuit Parallel RC circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit Instantaneous
More informationImpedance/Reactance Problems
Impedance/Reactance Problems. Consider the circuit below. An AC sinusoidal voltage of amplitude V and frequency ω is applied to the three capacitors, each of the same capacitance C. What is the total reactance
More informationLOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS and A.C. BRIDGES
LOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS and A.C. BRIDGES SECTION D LOW & HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS: LIMITATIONS OF WHEATSTONE BRIDGE; KELVIN S DOUBLE BRIDGE METHOD, DIFFICULTIES IN HIGH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS.
More information1 Phasors and Alternating Currents
Physics 4 Chapter : Alternating Current 0/5 Phasors and Alternating Currents alternating current: current that varies sinusoidally with time ac source: any device that supplies a sinusoidally varying potential
More informationNotes on Electric Circuits (Dr. Ramakant Srivastava)
Notes on Electric ircuits (Dr. Ramakant Srivastava) Passive Sign onvention (PS) Passive sign convention deals with the designation of the polarity of the voltage and the direction of the current arrow
More informationLearnabout Electronics - AC Theory
Learnabout Electronics - AC Theory Facts & Formulae for AC Theory www.learnabout-electronics.org Contents AC Wave Values... 2 Capacitance... 2 Charge on a Capacitor... 2 Total Capacitance... 2 Inductance...
More informationConventional Paper-I-2011 PART-A
Conventional Paper-I-0 PART-A.a Give five properties of static magnetic field intensity. What are the different methods by which it can be calculated? Write a Maxwell s equation relating this in integral
More informationAE60 INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENTS DEC 2013
Q.2 a. Differentiate between the direct and indirect method of measurement. There are two methods of measurement: 1) direct comparison with the standard, and 2) indirect comparison with the standard. Both
More informationALTERNATING CURRENT. with X C = 0.34 A. SET UP: The specified value is the root-mean-square current; I. EXECUTE: (a) V = (0.34 A) = 0.12 A.
ATENATING UENT 3 3 IDENTIFY: i Icosωt and I I/ SET UP: The specified value is the root-mean-square current; I 34 A EXEUTE: (a) I 34 A (b) I I (34 A) 48 A (c) Since the current is positive half of the time
More informationELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION 1) A Circular coil is placed near a current carrying conductor. The induced current is anti clock wise when the coil is, 1. Stationary 2. Moved away from the conductor 3. Moved
More informationChapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances. Discipline Course-I
Discipline Course-I Semester-II Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson: Chapter 6.2 : A C Bridges for measurement of Capacitances and Inductances Lesson Developer: Dr. Narmata Soni College/ Department:
More informationBasic RL and RC Circuits R-L TRANSIENTS: STORAGE CYCLE. Engineering Collage Electrical Engineering Dep. Dr. Ibrahim Aljubouri
st Class Basic RL and RC Circuits The RL circuit with D.C (steady state) The inductor is short time at Calculate the inductor current for circuits shown below. I L E R A I L E R R 3 R R 3 I L I L R 3 R
More informationPH 222-2C Fall Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current. Lectures 18-19
H - Fall 0 Electroagnetic Oscillations and Alternating urrent ectures 8-9 hapter 3 (Halliday/esnick/Walker, Fundaentals of hysics 8 th edition) hapter 3 Electroagnetic Oscillations and Alternating urrent
More informationResonant Matching Networks
Chapter 1 Resonant Matching Networks 1.1 Introduction Frequently power from a linear source has to be transferred into a load. If the load impedance may be adjusted, the maximum power theorem states that
More informationPhysics-272 Lecture 20. AC Power Resonant Circuits Phasors (2-dim vectors, amplitude and phase)
Physics-7 ecture 0 A Power esonant ircuits Phasors (-dim vectors, amplitude and phase) What is reactance? You can think of it as a frequency-dependent resistance. 1 ω For high ω, χ ~0 - apacitor looks
More informationPhysics 2112 Unit 20. Outline: Driven AC Circuits Phase of V and I Conceputally Mathematically With phasors
Physics 2112 Unit 20 Outline: Driven A ircuits Phase of V and I onceputally Mathematically With phasors Electricity & Magnetism ecture 20, Slide 1 Your omments it just got real this stuff is confusing
More informationf = 1 T 6 a.c. (Alternating Current) Circuits Most signals of interest in electronics are periodic : they repeat regularly as a function of time.
Analogue Electronics (Aero).66 66 Analogue Electronics (Aero) 6.66 6 a.c. (Alternating Current) Circuits Most signals of interest in electronics are periodic : they repeat regularly as a function of time.
More information1) Opposite charges and like charges. a) attract, repel b) repel, attract c) attract, attract
) Opposite charges and like charges. a) attract, repel b) repel, attract c) attract, attract ) The electric field surrounding two equal positive charges separated by a distance of 0 cm is zero ; the electric
More informationLearning Material Ver 1.2
RLC Resonance Trainer Learning Material Ver.2 Designed & Manufactured by: 4-A, Electronic Complex, Pardesipura, Indore- 452 00 India, Tel.: 9-73-42500, Telefax: 9-73-4202959, Toll free: 800-03-5050, E-mail:
More informationPhysics 2B Spring 2010: Final Version A 1 COMMENTS AND REMINDERS:
Physics 2B Spring 2010: Final Version A 1 COMMENTS AND REMINDERS: Closed book. No work needs to be shown for multiple-choice questions. 1. A charge of +4.0 C is placed at the origin. A charge of 3.0 C
More informationcoil of the circuit. [8+8]
Code No: R05310202 Set No. 1 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions
More informationImpedance. Reactance. Capacitors
Impedance Ohm's law describes the relationship between current and voltage in circuits that are in equilibrium- that is, when the current and voltage are not changing. When we have a situation where the
More informationEE 3120 Electric Energy Systems Study Guide for Prerequisite Test Wednesday, Jan 18, pm, Room TBA
EE 3120 Electric Energy Systems Study Guide for Prerequisite Test Wednesday, Jan 18, 2006 6-7 pm, Room TBA First retrieve your EE2110 final and other course papers and notes! The test will be closed book
More informationES51919/ES51920 LCR meter chipset
ES51919/ES51920 LCR meter chipset Features 19,999/1,999 counts dual LCD display Application Handheld LCR bridge meter Current consumption: Typ. 25mA @ 100kHz QFP-100L package for ES51919 SSOP-48L package
More information4) What is the direction of the net force on the charge at the origin due to the other three?
Four charges, all with a charge of -6 (-60-6 ) are situated as shown in the diagram (each grid line is separated by meter). The point (0, ) is located half-way between the two charges on the y-axis. )
More informationTransformer. Transformer comprises two or more windings coupled by a common magnetic circuit (M.C.).
. Transformers Transformer Transformer comprises two or more windings coupled by a common magnetic circuit (M.C.). f the primary side is connected to an AC voltage source v (t), an AC flux (t) will be
More informationAlternating Current Circuits. Home Work Solutions
Chapter 21 Alternating Current Circuits. Home Work s 21.1 Problem 21.11 What is the time constant of the circuit in Figure (21.19). 10 Ω 10 Ω 5.0 Ω 2.0µF 2.0µF 2.0µF 3.0µF Figure 21.19: Given: The circuit
More informationEE292: Fundamentals of ECE
EE292: Fundamentals of ECE Fall 2012 TTh 10:00-11:15 SEB 1242 Lecture 18 121025 http://www.ee.unlv.edu/~b1morris/ee292/ 2 Outline Review RMS Values Complex Numbers Phasors Complex Impedance Circuit Analysis
More informationPretest ELEA1831 Module 11 Units 1& 2 Inductance & Capacitance
Pretest ELEA1831 Module 11 Units 1& 2 Inductance & Capacitance 1. What is Faraday s Law? Magnitude of voltage induced in a turn of wire is proportional to the rate of change of flux passing through that
More informationTIME OF COMPLETION NAME SOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES. PHYS 1112, Exam 3 Section 1 Version 1 April 23, 2013 Total Weight: 100 points
TIME OF COMPLETION NAME SOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHYS, Exam 3 Section Version April 3, 03 Total Weight: 00 points. Check your examination for completeness prior to starting. There are a
More informationPhysics 4B Chapter 31: Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current
Physics 4B Chapter 31: Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most men succeed because
More informationRadio Frequency Electronics
Radio Frequency Electronics Preliminaries III Lee de Forest Born in Council Bluffs, Iowa in 1873 Had 180 patents Invented the vacuum tube that allows for building electronic amplifiers Vacuum tube started
More informationC R. Consider from point of view of energy! Consider the RC and LC series circuits shown:
ircuits onsider the R and series circuits shown: ++++ ---- R ++++ ---- Suppose that the circuits are formed at t with the capacitor charged to value. There is a qualitative difference in the time development
More informationConcept Question: Capacitors
oncept Question: apacitors Three identical capacitors are connected to a battery. The battery is then disconnected. A How do the charge on A, B & compare before and after the battery B is removed? BEFOE;
More informationrms high f ( Irms rms low f low f high f f L
Physics 4 Homework lutions - Walker hapter 4 onceptual Exercises. The inductive reactance is given by ω π f At very high frequencies (i.e. as f frequencies well above onance) ( gets very large. ). This
More informationSinusoidal Steady-State Analysis
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis Almost all electrical systems, whether signal or power, operate with alternating currents and voltages. We have seen that when any circuit is disturbed (switched on or
More informationFIRST TERM EXAMINATION (07 SEPT 2015) Paper - PHYSICS Class XII (SET B) Time: 3hrs. MM: 70
FIRST TERM EXAMINATION (07 SEPT 205) Paper - PHYSICS Class XII (SET B) Time: 3hrs. MM: 70 Instructions:. All questions are compulsory. 2. Q.no. to 5 carry mark each. 3. Q.no. 6 to 0 carry 2 marks each.
More informationLecture 24. Impedance of AC Circuits.
Lecture 4. Impedance of AC Circuits. Don t forget to complete course evaluations: https://sakai.rutgers.edu/portal/site/sirs Post-test. You are required to attend one of the lectures on Thursday, Dec.
More informationBridge Method. Bridge Method
ridge Method EIE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement Class 7, March 13, 2015 1 ridge Method Diode bridge is an arrangement of four or more diodes for AC/DC full-wave rectifier. Component bridge methods
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Physics: Demonstrate understanding electrical systems (91526)
NCEA evel 3 Physics (91526) 2016 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2016 Physics: Demonstrate understanding electrical systems (91526) Evidence Statement NØ N1 N 2 A 3 A 4 M 5 M 6 E 7 E 8 0 1A 2A 3A 4A or
More information