ESA s supporting Activities Related to Mass Transport in the Earth System

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1 ESA s supporting Activities Related to Mass Transport in the Earth System Roger Haagmans Mission Science Division European Space Agency

2 Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas

3 Swarm Satellite & Constellation Accelerometer GPS Patch Antennas Magnetic package launch after 1.5 yr after 3 yrs after 4.5 yrs launch after 4.5 years red (C) 530 km 500 km yellow (A,B) 470 km 300 km

4 3-D Electrical Conductivity of the Mantle Time-varying external (inducing) magnetic fields produce induced electric currents in the conducting Earth conductivity is sensitive to composition and temperature These induced currents cause induced magnetic field variations

5 3-D Electrical Conductivity of the Mantle Measured on ground or in space is the total (external + induced) magnetic field Separation of external and induced fields enables determination of the electrical conductivity of the Earth s interior 3D-Conductivity: hours to months periods, corresponding to app km depth Study team led by Andy Jackson at ETH Zürich together with DNSC Copenhagen and CUP (Prague)

6 Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas

7 Swarm and Gravity - Constellation Observation: GPS-baseline between satellites Geometry: σ 10 2 mm/s GRACE A-B: Swarm A-B: Swarm A-C: along-track (KBR, scalar) cross-track (GPS, vector) ~ radial (GPS, vector)

8 Gravity Field Gradients along-track cross-track radial

9 SH-Error Characteristics from Gradients in x,y and z (1) along-track cross-track along + cross radial

10 Simulation results: 1 Month 10 0 Kaula Degree RMS 10-1 CHAMP 10-2 [m] 10-3 cross along Swarm radial A-B and A-C 10-4 cross + along GRACE 10-5 KBR sh-degree

11 Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas

12 ESA studies: future gravity field concepts Enabling Observation techniques for Future Solid Earth Missions.(2003) Laser Doppler Interferometry Mission for Determination of the Earth s gravity field. (2005) Gravity Gradient sensor technology for future planetary missions. (2005) Laser Interferometry High Precision Tracking for LEO. (2006) Courtesy: Thales Alenia Space Monitoring and Modelling Individual Sources of Mass Distribution and Transport in the Earth s System by Means of Satellites ( months)

13 Measurement and control elements of the SSI mission

14 Future Mission Concept Future Concepts? From: Ilk et al (2005)

15 Study Team Geophysical Modeling Gravity modeling Mission design SRON Utrecht, NL R. Koop + + DEOS Delft, NL P. Visser Solid earth + + IAPG Munchen, DE T. Gruber Atmosphere + + M. Thomas Oceans GIS Stuttgart, DE N. Sneeuw + + UL Luxemburg, LU T. van Dam Gravity + AWI Bremerhaven, DE M. Losch Oceans BGC Bristol, UK J. Bamber Ice SCEG Newcastle, UK M. King Tides UCG Utrecht, NL M. Bierkens Hydrology

16 Study logic Gravity modelling Mission design Geophysical modelling Gravity retrieval Observability Separability

17 Geophysical modelling Tides Oceans Atmosphere Solid Earth Ice Hydrology Consistent Compatible Complete Coupled Coordinated Dedicated Sufficient Realistic Simulated real world

18 Current step: Gravity field modelling Geophysical model Earth Orbit Observable Constellation Input gravity Observed gravity along orbit + observation error

19 Conclusions Future Mission requires solid preparation: coordination with complementary measurement techniques from other future satellites (like SMOS, CryoSat, Sentinels e.g.) Activities in ESA complement DFG efforts and try to learn from existing analysis to understand the needs for a future mission concept