GG S. Internal Vision of GGOS. Markus Rothacher. GFZ Potsdam

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1 Internal Vision of GGOS Markus Rothacher GFZ Potsdam GGOS Retreat DGFI in Munich February 15-16, 2006

2 Contents Motivation Four Levels of Products of the IAG Services: First Level: Raw Data Collection Second Level: Three Pillars of Geodesy Third Level: Integration/Combination Fourth Level: Modeling/Interpretation Conclusions

3 Motivation Helplessness in the face of natural disasters demonstrates that our knowledge of the Earth s complex system is rather limited.

4 Eruption of Mount St. Helens:

5 Earthquake in Kobe (Japan):

6 Tsunami in Sumatra: Image before the catastrophy Image after the catastrophy 1 km Indonesia: Banda Aceh Source: DLR

7 Floods in New Orleans: km Elbe floods in August 2003

8 Motivation Helplessness in the face of natural disasters demonstrates that our knowledge of the Earth s complex system is rather limited. Deeper insight into the processes and interactions within this system is one of the most urgent challenges for our society. To monitor changes in the Earth system and the processes causing natural disasters a global Earth observing system has to be established. The geodetic contribution is GGOS. The space geodetic techniques (VLBI, SLR/LLR, GNSS, DORIS), altimetry, InSAR, gravity missions, in-situ measurements etc. allow the monitoring of the Earth system with an unprecedented accuracy (10-9).

9 Measuring and Modeling the Earth s System Measuring Geometry Space Geodetic C O M B I N A T I O N VLBI SLR/LLR I Sun/Moon N T (Planets) E Atmosphere R A Ocean C T Hydrosphere I O Cryosphere N S Core Earth Rotation GNSS Precession/Nutation, Polar Motion, UT1, LOD DORIS Altimetry InSAR Gravity Gravity Missions Geocenter Gravity field, Temporal variations Terrestrial Techniques Abs./Rel. Earth System Station Position/Motion, Sea Level Change, Deformation Techniques Levelling Information about Earth System Observation Modelling Mantle Influence / Modelling Crust

10 First Level: Raw Data Collection Guarantee the infrastructure of a GGOS over decades (VLBI, SLR/LLR, GNSS, ), improve coverage, stability Continuous monitoring of the Earth from space with satellite missions (altimetry, gravity, atmosphere, ) Work towards real-time or near real-time data flow and monitoring (e.g., Hz GPS data) for early warning systems etc.; pulsating Planet Earth Complement the space geodetic techniques with groundbased and in-situ measurements (regional densification, validation, ). Many geo-hazard phenomena are local or regional (volcanoes, Earthquakes, land slides, tsunamis, floods, ) Develop the necessary data flow, data access and management structures (huge amount of data, fast turn around, )

11 Satellite Missions Relevant to GGOS Mission Type CHAMP Gravity/ magnetic field/ atmosphere GRACE Gravity (static+ temporal), GOCE atmosphere Gravity (stationary, high-resolution) TOPE-POSEIDON Ocean altimetry Jason-1 Ocean altimetry ICESAT Ice altimetry CRYOSAT 2 Ice altimetry ??? ERS-2 Altimetry/ climate/ environment ENVISAT Altimetry/ climate/ environment TerraSAR- SAR/ InSAR/ atmosphere SWARM Magnetic field LAGEOS-1 & 2 Reference system, gravity open GPS/GLONASS Navigation/ positioning, orbits, time open GALILEO transfer/ Earth rotation, Navigation/ positioning, Mission Duration open

12 Vision of the Future: Pulsating Planet Earth Dense GPS networks everywhere on the Earth (Japan, Plate Boundary Observatory, Europe, ) GPS data processed in realtime with Hz GPS seismology Monitoring of the pulsating Planet Earth Courtesy of GSI Japan

13 Second Level: Three Pillars of GGOS GEOM ETRY GPS, Altimetry, INSAR Remote Sensing Leveling Sea Level REFERENCE SYSTEM S VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS, DORIS EARTH ROTATION GRAVITY FIELD VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS, DORIS Classical: Astronomy New: Ringlasers, Gyros Orbit Analysis Satellite Gradiometry Ship-& Airborne Gravimetry Absolute Gravimetry Gravity Field Determination

14 Second Level: Three Pillars of GGOS Processing of the space geodetic data with an accuracy of a few times for all three pillars and a high temporal and spatial resolution Real-time processing of global data Full reprocessing capability for all space geodetic data (VLBI, SLR, DORIS, GNSS, LEOs, ) Consistency between the pillars Operational InSAR and altimetry products for monitoring of the Earth system (volcanoes, land slides, tsunamis, )

15 Homogeneous Reprocessing of the Global GPS Data Ocean loading, better reference frame Improved ambiguity resolution

16 Advanced Modeling: Higher-Order Ionosphere Terms Differences with and without higher-order ionosphere terms

17 Third Level: Integration/Combination Higher and higher level of combination: Site coordinates Site coordinates + Earth orientation parameters Site coordinates + EOPs + troposphere Site coordinates + EOPs + troposphere + gravity field Software Packages capable to process all space geodetic techniques on the observation level, also including LEO data, K-band, altimetry, Combination of InSAR and altimetry with other techniques Full consistency in all the modeling, standards and parameterizations GGOS high-level portal with easy access to all products for all Earth sciences and policy makers (e.g. like Google Earth)

18 Present and Future Combination Parameter space for a rigorous combination: Parameter Type Atmosphere () () DORIS/ PRARE SLR LLR () () Altimetry () Gravity Field ITRF GPS/ GLON. Earth Rotation ICRF Quasar Coord. (ICRF) Nutation Polar Motion UT1 Length of Day (LOD) Coord.+Veloc.(ITRF) Geocenter Gravity Field Orbits LEO Orbits Ionosphere Troposphere Time/Freq.; Clocks VLBI ()

19 Present and Future Combination Parameter space for a rigorous combination: Parameter Type Atmosphere () () DORIS/ PRARE SLR LLR () () Altimetry () Gravity Field ITRF GPS/ GLON. Earth Rotation ICRF Quasar Coord. (ICRF) Nutation Polar Motion UT1 Length of Day (LOD) Coord.+Veloc.(ITRF) Geocenter Gravity Field Orbits LEO Orbits Ionosphere Troposphere Time/Freq.; Clocks VLBI ()

20 Vision 2010: Intergation of 4 Levels into a GGOS 2010: ca. 40 Low Earth Orbiters (LEO) ca. 600 radio sources CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE 2010: T/P, ERS-1/2, Jason-1, Jason-2, Icesat, Envisat GPS/MET, OERSTED, SAC-C 6 COSMIC, 3 SWARM Dense GPS networks: ca stations 2010: 1200satellites Japan 20 SLR Satellite 1000 Plate Observatory 90constellations MEO Boundary and GEO satellites 2010: ca. Europe GPS Switzerland GALILEO GLONASS Hz, near real-time 24 3 ZQSS Augmentation systems (GEO)

21 Fourth Level: Modeling/Interpretation Link the global time series of geodetic parameters to the relevant geophysical models Take into account the relationships between deformation, variations in Earth rotation and gravity field changes (e.g. loading, mass transport, ) Development of comprehensive, numerical Earth models including the interaction between the components of the Earth system Models with the capability to assimilate all space geodetic data and a lot of other geophysical and geoscience data (e.g., on global geophysical fluids) Couple models from oceanography, atmosphere, solid Earth, Highly interdisciplinary task, very challenging

22 Modeling and Interpretation GEOSPHERE KINEM ATICS OF POINTS Coordinates Velocities ATM OSPHERE Wind, Pressure Distribution HYDROSPHERE Ocean Currents, Ground Water CRYOSPHERE Melting of Pole Caps, Glaciers BIOSPHERE? Geodetic Parameters Geophysical Processes Plate Tectonics, Subduction,Convection,Earth s Core EARTH ROTATION VARIATIONS Polar Motion, UT1 VARIATIONS OF THE EARTH S GRAVITY FIELD Potential Coefficients Change in Vegetation

23 GGOS: A Huge Task Thank you for your attention!

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