Status Report of Time and Frequency Activities at NPL- India
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1 Status Report of Time and Frequency Activities at NPL- India (TCTF 2017) Team: V. N. Ojha, Ashish Agarwal, P. Arora, S. Panja, P. Thorat, T. Bharadwaj, S. De, S. Yadav, P. Kandpal, M. P. Olaniya and D K Aswal 1
2 CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Time keeper of the Nation time.nplindia.org
3 NIST PTB NPLI Others ~400 atomic clocks Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standards NPL s contribution to generation of UTC Calibration Free Atomic Time (EAL) International Atomic Time (TAI) Leap seconds Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) UTC (NPLI) IST=UTC (NPLI)+5:30 Teleclock ~1 s NTP Server ~100 ms CVGNSS & TWSTFT ~ 20 ns Parliament House IR IAF NIC-NKN CCA IDRBT SBI ISRO
4 NIST PTB NPLI Others ~400 atomic clocks Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standards NPL s contribution to generation of UTC Calibration Free Atomic Time (EAL) International Atomic Time (TAI) Leap seconds Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) UTC (NPLI) IST=UTC (NPLI)+5:30 FonOclock ~10 m s NTP Server ~100 ms CVGNSS & TWSTFT ~ 20 ns Parliament House IR IAF NIC-NKN CCA IDRBT SBI ISRO
5 New Telephone Time Service: FonOclock Indigenously developed transmitter and receiver boards IST 1pps reference Bank of atomic clocks at CSIR-NPL to generate IST IST PSTN IST FonOclock: National Telephone Time Service Synchronize to IST over public switched telephone network (PSTN) from IST
6 Atomic Clocks and GNSS links at NPLI Clock Setup GNSS Rx Setup TWSTFT Setup 6
7 UTC- UTC(NPLI), ns 40 Performance of UTC (NPLI ) /9/2016 MJD 24/10/2017
8 Backup Time Scale Laboratory
9 Recent Activities of National Time Scale Two New Cesium Clocks started contributing to International Time Scale, UTC. Environmental control system upgraded. Leap second was added at UTC 23:59:59 on Dissemination of IST with 1 ns uncertainty wrt UTC(NPLI) established via Two-way Satellite Time Transfer link to ISRO. Internet Time Service to be augmented for pan-india coverage. New NTP servers installed. A back up Time scale laboratory being developed in New Metrology Building. Atomic Clocks installed. For dissemination of Standard Time, sensitisation meetings with Indian Space Research Organisation, Indian Air Force, Department of Telecommunications, Legal Metrology Department, Indian Banks, Indian Railways conducted.
10 Network Architecture of NTP CSIR-NPL
11 Meetings with Stakeholders
12 IST dissemination through Web
13 R&D on Primary standards of T&F NPLI-CsF1 NPLI-CSF2 Yb + -ion optical clock U A = 1.78 x d -1, U B = 2.36 x 10 Status -15 Under development Under development Master laser being upgraded
14 Preparations for second Cs fountain: NPLI-CsF2 Erection of Aluminum extrude structure around the optics table for protecting the optics Testing of Vacuum sub-assemblies Electronic subsystems mounted in racks Winding of C-field solenoid at the workshop Indigenously designed Optical viewports Indigenously designed beam expanders Beam characterization with angular alignment accuracy of ± 0.87 arc minute
15 - Source How? - Ulta-high vacuum - Trapping - Optics - Laser cooling - Electronics - Detection - Data acquisition ν Optical Standard Why? - Probing fundamental science - Search for new ideas and techniques Optical lattice What? - Neutral atoms or Ions - Frequency Standard + Science - Suitable designs - Expected Accuracy Ion trap
16 APMP member Optical clock APMP member Optical clock Australia Ca atom compact clock, Yb atom lattice clock, U. Western Australia Malaysia Bangladesh Nepal Cambodia New Zealand China Ca-ion clock CAS Pakistan Chinese Taipei Guinea S. Korea Yb-atom lattice clock KRISS Philippines Fiji Russia Sr-atom lattice clock VNIIFTRI Hong Kong Singapore India Yb-ion clock NPL Sri Lanka Indonesia Thailand Japan Hg-atom lattice clock U. Tokyo Sr-atom lattice clock RIKEN and NMIJ [Operational] Vietnam
![World wide Trapped Ion Optical Frequency Standards Ion λ [nm] Transition Laboratories 171 Yb + 199 Hg + 223 Ra + 828 2 S 1/2 2 D](/docs-images/72/67634638/images/17-2.jpg "3/2 (E2) KVI Netherlands 199 Hg + 282 2 S 1/2 2 D 5/2 (E2) NIST USA 171 Yb + 435 2 S 1/2 2 D 3/2 (E2) PTB Germany N. Huntemann, et.")
17 World wide Trapped Ion Optical Frequency Standards Ion λ [nm] Transition Laboratories 171 Yb Hg Ra S 1/2 2 D 3/2 (E2) KVI Netherlands 199 Hg S 1/2 2 D 5/2 (E2) NIST USA 171 Yb S 1/2 2 D 3/2 (E2) PTB Germany N. Huntemann, et. al., PRL 108, (2012). S. A. Diddams, et. al., Science 293, 825 (2001). 171 Yb S 1/2 2 F 5/2 (E3) NPL UK, PTB Germany, CSIR-NPL 88 Sr + 27 Al In S 0 3 P 0 (HIT) MPQ Germany, U. Washington 167 nm 88 Sr S 1/2 2 D 5/2 (E2) NPL UK, NRC Canada 267 nm (HIT) Δν nat =0.5 mhz 43 Ca S 1/2 2 D 5/2 (E2) Uibk Innsbruck, CRL Japan, CAS China 27 Al S 0 3 P 0 (HIT) NIST USA, VU Netherlands H. S. Margolis, et. al., Science 306, 1355 (2004). T. Rosenband, et. al., PRL 98, (2007).
18 repump 1 Single Trapped ion Optical- Standard Electrodynamic (Paul) Trap Energy levels of 171 Yb + 4f 13 5d6s 1 D[3/2] 3/ f 13 5d6s 3 D[3/2] 1/2 1 4f 14 6p 2 P 1/2 1 0 atom ion Continuum 4f 14 5d 2 D 3/ nm 760 nm (quadrupole ) nm 4 4f 14 6s6p 1 P nm 6s 2 4f 13 2 F 7/2 3 4f 14 6s 2 1 S nm 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 1 0
19 STIOS lab November 2017
20 Development of Optical Clock Experiment
21 Building a wide range of electronic hardware Automation system for the experiment
22 Road map of the Optical Clock project Ion trap design Ultra high Vacuum Ytterbium oven Lasers and optics Frequency stabilization Necessary electronics Accomplished RF resonator Imaging/ detection Automation /control system Production of ions Ion trapping Laser cooling Work is in progress Trapping and laser cooling Ultra stable cavity Frequency comb Probing the clock transition ultra stable oscillator - in the pipeline Precision time scale Generation of UTC(NPLI) GPS link with BIPM TWSTFT with NMIs Future!!
23 NPLI seeks international collaborations on the R&D activity on optical clock and Systematics evaluation (cold-collision shift and Microwave related shifts) in Cs fountain Concluding Remarks Operation, evaluation and contribution of NPLI-CsF1 to TAI planned. Re-establish TWSTFT EU-Asia link. Long wave Radio (LWR) based transmission infrastructure to disseminate Indian Standard Time across India is planned. Creation of Secondary Time Scales in different metros planned. Precise Time and Frequency is not limited to Time Keeping only but it has enormous applications in technology as well as probing fundamental sciences.
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