Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets"

Transcription

1 Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets Kevin K. Lehmann University of Virginia NSF

2 Properties of 4 He Nanodroplets Helium binding energy of ~5 cm -1 (7 K) Evaporative cooling to T ~ 0.38 K ~100% superfluid if bulk Helium We generate droplets with <N> ~ 1,000-20,000 atoms R ~ 2-7 nm Broad Log-Normal distribution of size There are no thermally populated phonons Lowest excitation energy 534 N -1/3 GHz > 3 kt Surface Ripplons form heat bath ν(l) = 78 L(L 1)(L + 2)N 1/2 GHz Lowest mode (L=2) ~ 2.2 GHz (~0.3 kt) for N = 10 4 Amplitude ~ 0.4 Å

3 Why Spectroscopy in He Nanodroplets? Rapid Cooling (~nsec) below 1 K Stabilize unstable species and form new compounds Vibrations and Rotations are cooled Pickup only requires vapor pressure of ~10-4 torr Allows study of very nonvolatile species Can form controlled clusters Poisson Distribution of sizes Gives Rotational Resolution -> structural information Higher Resolution and smaller shifts than other Rare gas matrices The Ultimate Spectroscopic Matrix!

4 Droplet Production and Detection 10 µm aperture T=16 35 K flux: atoms/s dopant inside (except alkali) Visible, IR, or UV Microwave (rotational transitions) NEP: fw/ Hz ~10-4 torr He 100 atm las ser cold expansion cluster formation dopant pick-up photon absorption + He evaporation ( He/photon) MW multiple photon absorption + He evaporation (0.1 He/photon) detection (bolometer) Droplet sizes: atoms (45-95 Å diameter) Droplet temperature: 0.4 K (evaporative cooling) Sensitivity (S/N=1@1Hz): He atoms

5 The cluster machine cold head pump out gas in so ource BUC pick-up cell MW cavity laser in (optic fiber) bo olometer MW in

6 The beginning SF 6 in He droplets Goyal, Schutt and Scoles, PRL 69, 933 (1992) Narrow lines Small shifts Complexes formed (SF 6 ) 2 // SF 6 (SF 6 ) 2

7 Rotational resolution in 4 He droplets (Hartmann, Miller, Toennies, and Vilesov, PRL 75, 1566 (1995) Cryotip T 0 =5-30 K He P 0 =5-100 bar Interaction region Ionizer Scattering & QMS gas Window Lens Mirror SF 6 freely rotates inside the droplet, but T=0.37 K SF 6 the observed B is only P Branch R Branch 37% of the gas phase value SF

8 OCS in 3 He and 4 He droplets: proof of superfluidity in 4 He droplets Grebenev, Toennies, and Vilesov, SCIENCE 279, 2083 (1998) Free rotation is exclusive to 4 He (a boson fluid). In 3 He (a fermion fluid) free rotation does not occur, unless enough 4 He is present to form a shell around the OCS molecule P1 R0 R

9 Acculight Argos OPO Approximately 1.75 W of power measured entering the machine. To Spectrometer Wavemeter S P I OPO Power meter 7.5 GHz etalon 150 MHz etalon Produces over 2 W of CW over the tunable range of µm. Continuous scans of 45 GHz. Also produces 2-5 W of 1.5 µm light.

10 Methane ν 3 v 3 Q(1) line wavenumber (cm -1 ) Found two extra lines. A second line near Q(1) and also a P(2) line. P(2) Miller Groups Methane spectra of the ν 3 band. Nauta, K., Miller, R.E. Chem Phys. Let. 350 (2001)

11 Methane ν 2 + ν Found 2 lines of a second band of methane. From these values assuming B and ζ we derived ν 0 = cm -1 and B = cm -1. The addition of an R(1) line would help solve more equations and will be searched for. Line He (cm -1 ) Gas Phase (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0) Constant He Value Gas Phase Value ν cm cm -1 B cm cm -1 Lolck, J., Robiette, A., Brown, L., Hunt, R.H. J. Mol. Spec. 92 (1982) 229.

12 Comparison of Widths Line Methane v 2 + v 4 He (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0) CH 3 D v 4 Line Frequency HWHM (cm -1 ) (cm -1 ) P(1) Q(1) R(0) Line CH 3 D v 1 Frequency (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0) Line Line CH 2 D 2 v 1 Frequency (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0) CH 2 D 2 v 4 Line Frequency HWHM (cm -1 ) (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0) R(1) CHD 3 v 1 Frequency (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) Q(1) R(0)

13 CH 3 Cl Line Location (cm -1 ) HWHM (cm -1 ) P 1 (2) P 0 (2) P 0 (1) Q 0 (1) R 0 (0) R 1 (1) R 0 (1)

14 Planned IR experiments IR-MW double resonance to determine rate of rotational relaxation in droplets IR-IR double resonance to determine rate of vibrational relaxation in droplets Visible-IR double resonance to determine cooling rate of droplets to test evaporative cooling models Study chemical reactions at very low temperatures test reactions proposed by Astrochemistry.

15 New Experiment: Driving Ions in Helium He droplet source Ions Lens Electrostatic energy selector Ion Multipler Atoms hν grids Figure 3: Schematic of proposed ion machine

16 (a) (b) (c) Figure 1: Classical Simulation of ion motion in He droplet driving by frequency swept microwave field of 20 V/cm. Red is the frequency; blue the ion kinetic energy; and black to energy deposited in droplet. Not the change in scale on the left for the second figure. This demonstrates that the ion will lock onto and follow the frequency until the ion moves at the critical velocity. Above this, the ion no longer can follow and relaxes to zero energy (c).

17 Proposed Experiments on ions Determine critical velocity for different ions & function of droplet size Measure rate of translational cooling Use circularly polarized radiation to pump in angular momentum (~10 9 hbar/sec) Nucleate vortices? Measure helium loss vs. energy input Nanocalorimeter to measure binding energy of clusters formed in droplets.

18 Evaporative Cooling of Helium Nanodroplets with Angular Momentum Conservation KKL & Adriaan Dokter Physical Review Letters 92, (2004)

19 Thermodynamics of Helium Droplets Statistical Evaporative cooling calculations of temperature versus cooling time. D.M. Brink & S. Stringari Z Phys. D (1990)

20 There have been previous classical and quantum statistical evaporative cooling studies These predicted droplet temperatures close to those later found experimentally They ignored angular momentum constraints Droplets pick up considerable angular momentum in pickup process and possibly during formation due to droplet coalescence Can this be completely shed during cooling? Experiments of Portner, Havenith, and Vilesov interpreted as implying that droplets remember direction of initial angular momentum Droplet Energy and Angular Momentum will be stored in primarily in Ripplons

21 Distribution of Collisional Angular momentum for N = 10 4 Scales as N 1/3 for other droplet sizes

22 Monte Carlo Evaporation Start with E, L from pickup process E ~ 1700 K and L ~ 4000 for tetracene pickup Calculate number of open channels Droplet(E, L) -> Droplet(E, L ) + He(E k, J) E -2/3 k = E - E - E bind > 1.23 K J(J+1) N (centrifugal barrier) Calculate RRKM rate and increase time by lifetime Pick one decay channel at random equal probability Repeat until time > cooling time (10 or 100 µs). J = 10, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 & 5000 studied, 500 decay trajectories for each

23

24

25

26

27 Conclusions Droplets have MUCH higher internal energy and angular momentum than for a canonical ensemble at same temperature. Explains why previous attempts to predict lineshapes failed PIMC will not give exact predictions - may be substantial bias Molecular Lab frame alignment of embedded molecules should be common.

28 Energetic Considerations on the formation and decay of a Vortex in Helium Nanodroplets KKL & Roman Schmied

29 Vortices are common, basically unavoidable in bulk superfluid helium, but have not yet been observed in helium nanodroplets Simplest Vortex is a straight line In droplets must go through center Will have one quantum of angular momentum per helium atom in droplet. Previous considered by DFT and PIMC calcs. Helium flows around vortex with local velocity, v = h/2πmr; r min. distance to vortex

30 In bulk, Vortex may be approximated by a hollow core of radius a ~ 1.0 Å (Rayfield & Reif) Energy proportional to length of vortex Droplets will distort moderately from vortex For 10 4 He droplet: B= 4.60 nm, A= 4.88 nm Trade off Vortex energy and surface energy. Net drop in energy of K

31 Comparison of Vortex Formation Energy for N=1000 droplet Density Functional 129 K Dalfovo et al. PRL 85, 1028 (2000) Hollow Core Model 103 K a=1.0 Å 500 quanta L = 2 Ripplon 167 K Same total angular momentum

32 Energy of Vortex normalized by Equal Angular momentum in lowest Ripplon mode DFT Theory Hollow Core Model

33 Curved Vortex Lines Vortex can be off centered and curved. Will then wrap around droplet, but will have greater energy per unit angular momentum. Angular Velocity is derivative of Energy with Angular momentum - Will be stable if below that of Lowest Ripplon

34 Energy and Angular Momentum of curved Vortex Solutions

35 Angular Velocity of Curved Vortex divided by Ripplons N = 10 5 N = 10 2 Distance of Closest Approach of Vortex to Axis

36 Lowest Angular Momentum of Stable Curved Vortex N L / h-bar

37 How could Vortex be formed? Thermal angular momentum at T λ? Not enough < J > = (3 k T λ I cl ) 1/2 ~ 0.7 N 5/6 Collisional Angular Momentum of pickup? SF 6 collision should deposit several thousand units of angular momentum Enough for small smaller droplets Coalescence of droplets? For impact of 3 nm, need relative v ~ 10 m/s

38

39 Distribution of Collisional Angular momentum for N = 10 4 Scales as N 1/3 for other droplet sizes

40 How Can a Vortex Decay? Into Ripplons? Lowest energy N unit of angular momentum = 5.3 K N 1/2 Always more than vortex energy By Atom evaporation? Also endothermic Angular momentum loss by evaporation < mvr Also costs ~7 K per evaporation For N=10 3, Vortex energy can remove a maximum of 171 units of angular momentum

41 How Can a Vortex Decay? Fragment into two droplets? Must increase surface area by ~26% E suf =4.4 K N 2/3 Very strongly endothermic It appears that a vortex once formed will be highly metastable. Solute molecules will be trapped on vortex and aligned by it (Dalfovo et al).

42 Why have they not be yet detected? Collisional excitation with enough angular momentum to produce sufficient L will deposit far from E than that of vortex At these high E, density of states is dominated bulk excitation Perhaps cooling by evaporation will remove angular momentum fast enough to prevent trapping in basin of metastable vortex?

43 Energy of Straight Vortex For core radius a: h2 ρ B 2A E = e sv ln 2πm a 1

44 Thanks for you attention! If you find this interesting, please stop by to see me: Office: Chemistry Rm 126

Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets

Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets Spectroscopy and Dynamics of doped helium nanodroplets Kevin K. Lehmann University of Virginia NSF Properties of 4 He Nanodroplets Helium binding energy of ~5 cm -1 (7 K) Evaporative cooling to T ~ 0.38

More information

Microcanonical thermodynamic properties of helium nanodroplets

Microcanonical thermodynamic properties of helium nanodroplets JOURNA OF CHEMICA PHYSICS VOUME 119, NUMBER 6 8 AUGUST 2003 Microcanonical thermodynamic properties of helium nanodroplets Kevin K. ehmann a) Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New

More information

M. M. Law, J. M. Hutson (eds.) Rovibrational Bound States in Polyatomic Molecules c 1999, CCP6, Daresbury

M. M. Law, J. M. Hutson (eds.) Rovibrational Bound States in Polyatomic Molecules c 1999, CCP6, Daresbury 1 M. M. Law, J. M. Hutson (eds.) Rovibrational Bound States in Polyatomic Molecules c 1999, CCP6, Daresbury From Intermolecular Forces to Condensed Phase Spectroscopy: Ro-vibrational Spectroscopy Inside

More information

Spectroscopic Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Trapped in Liquid Helium Clusters

Spectroscopic Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Trapped in Liquid Helium Clusters Spectroscopic Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Trapped in Liquid Helium Clusters Friedrich Huisken and Serge Krasnokutski Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Bunsenstr. 10, D-37073

More information

Rotation in liquid 4 He: Lessons from a highly simplified model

Rotation in liquid 4 He: Lessons from a highly simplified model JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS VOLUME 114, NUMBER 10 8 MARCH 2001 Rotation in liquid 4 He: Lessons from a highly simplified model Kevin K. Lehmann a) Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton,

More information

Finite size effects and rotational relaxation in superfluid helium nanodroplets: Microwave-infrared double-resonance spectroscopy of cyanoacetylene

Finite size effects and rotational relaxation in superfluid helium nanodroplets: Microwave-infrared double-resonance spectroscopy of cyanoacetylene JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS VOLUME 113, NUMBER 11 15 SEPTEMBER 2000 Finite size effects and rotational relaxation in superfluid helium nanodroplets: Microwave-infrared double-resonance spectroscopy of

More information

arxiv:cond-mat/ v1 5 Aug 2002

arxiv:cond-mat/ v1 5 Aug 2002 Superfluidity in a Doped Helium Droplet E. W. Draeger and D. M. Ceperley Department of Physics and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 68 Path Integral

More information

Molecular spectroscopy

Molecular spectroscopy Molecular spectroscopy Origin of spectral lines = absorption, emission and scattering of a photon when the energy of a molecule changes: rad( ) M M * rad( ' ) ' v' 0 0 absorption( ) emission ( ) scattering

More information

Laser Dissociation of Protonated PAHs

Laser Dissociation of Protonated PAHs 100 Chapter 5 Laser Dissociation of Protonated PAHs 5.1 Experiments The photodissociation experiments were performed with protonated PAHs using different laser sources. The calculations from Chapter 3

More information

Bosonic Path Integrals

Bosonic Path Integrals Bosonic Path Integrals 1. Overview of effect of bose statistics 2. Permutation sampling considerations 3. Calculation of superfluid density and momentum distribution. 4. Applications of PIMC to liquid

More information

Helium nanodroplet isolation rovibrational spectroscopy: Methods and recent results

Helium nanodroplet isolation rovibrational spectroscopy: Methods and recent results JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS VOLUME 115, NUMBER 22 8 DECEMBER 2001 Helium nanodroplet isolation rovibrational spectroscopy: Methods and recent results Carlo Callegari, Kevin K. Lehmann, a) Roman Schmied,

More information

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful Main Requirements of the Laser Optical Resonator Cavity Laser Gain Medium of 2, 3 or 4 level types in the Cavity Sufficient means of Excitation (called pumping) eg. light, current, chemical reaction Population

More information

The Power of Nanomatrices[JU1]

The Power of Nanomatrices[JU1] SCIENCE S 0 0 0 0 0 0 PERSPECTIVE: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY The Power of Nanomatrices[JU] Giacinto Scoles and Kevin K. Lehmann Supersonic free jets and matrix isolation are the two most commonly adopted

More information

Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009

Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009 Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and

More information

Thermodynamics of finite quantum systems

Thermodynamics of finite quantum systems Thermodynamics of finite quantum systems Shell structure in finite quantum systems Erice summer school, July 25-30, 2010 Klavs Hansen Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg Topics Metal clusters

More information

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF C 6 D 6 Rg n (n = 1, 2)

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF C 6 D 6 Rg n (n = 1, 2) INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF C 6 D 6 Rg n (n = 1, 2) J George, M Yousefi, M Razaei, B McKellar, N M Ahmadi University of Calgary June 19, 2014 OUTLINE BACKGROUND Prior Investigations on Benzene-Noble gas complexes

More information

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase

More information

Wavelength λ Velocity v. Electric Field Strength Amplitude A. Time t or Distance x time for 1 λ to pass fixed point. # of λ passing per s ν= 1 p

Wavelength λ Velocity v. Electric Field Strength Amplitude A. Time t or Distance x time for 1 λ to pass fixed point. # of λ passing per s ν= 1 p Introduction to Spectroscopy (Chapter 6) Electromagnetic radiation (wave) description: Wavelength λ Velocity v Electric Field Strength 0 Amplitude A Time t or Distance x Period p Frequency ν time for 1

More information

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS LAMPS: A STUDY OF COLLISIONAL BROADENERS*

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS LAMPS: A STUDY OF COLLISIONAL BROADENERS* MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS LAMPS: A STUDY OF COLLISIONAL BROADENERS* Kapil Rajaraman** and Mark J. Kushner*** **Department of Physics ***Department of Electrical and

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34 From molecular to elemental analysis there are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray spectrometry

More information

Laserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik

Laserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Laserphysik Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de Office: Heisenbergbau V 202, Unterpörlitzer Straße

More information

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1

More information

Surface location of alkaline-earth atom impurities on helium nanodroplets

Surface location of alkaline-earth atom impurities on helium nanodroplets Surface location of alkaline-earth atom impurities on helium nanodroplets Yanfei Ren and Vitaly V. Kresin Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

More information

Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy

Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy Pages 427 430 and Chapter 13 Molecular Spectroscopy Molecular spectroscopy: the study of the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are absorbed or emitted by substances

More information

Spectroscopy in frequency and time domains

Spectroscopy in frequency and time domains 5.35 Module 1 Lecture Summary Fall 1 Spectroscopy in frequency and time domains Last time we introduced spectroscopy and spectroscopic measurement. I. Emphasized that both quantum and classical views of

More information

Superfluid Hydrodynamic Model for the Enhanced Moments of Inertia of Molecules in Liquid 4 He

Superfluid Hydrodynamic Model for the Enhanced Moments of Inertia of Molecules in Liquid 4 He Superfluid Hydrodynamic Model for the Enhanced Moments of Inertia of Molecules in Liquid 4 He C. Callegari, A. Conjusteau, I. Reinhard, K. K. Lehmann, and G. Scoles Department of Chemistry, Princeton University,

More information

X-ray production from resonant coherent excitation of relativistic HCIs in crystals as a model for polarization XFEL studies in the kev range

X-ray production from resonant coherent excitation of relativistic HCIs in crystals as a model for polarization XFEL studies in the kev range X-ray production from resonant coherent excitation of relativistic HCIs in crystals as a model for polarization XFEL studies in the kev range V.V.Balashov, A.A.Sokolik, A.V.Stysin D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute

More information

Optogalvanic spectroscopy of the Zeeman effect in xenon

Optogalvanic spectroscopy of the Zeeman effect in xenon Optogalvanic spectroscopy of the Zeeman effect in xenon Timothy B. Smith, Bailo B. Ngom, and Alec D. Gallimore ICOPS-2006 10:45, 5 Jun 06 Executive summary What are we reporting? Xe I optogalvanic spectra

More information

Abstract... I. Acknowledgements... III. Table of Content... V. List of Tables... VIII. List of Figures... IX

Abstract... I. Acknowledgements... III. Table of Content... V. List of Tables... VIII. List of Figures... IX Abstract... I Acknowledgements... III Table of Content... V List of Tables... VIII List of Figures... IX Chapter One IR-VUV Photoionization Spectroscopy 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 Vacuum-Ultraviolet-Ionization

More information

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy EPR and NMR

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy EPR and NMR Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy EPR and NMR A brief review of the relevant bits of quantum mechanics 1. Electrons have spin, - rotation of the charge about its axis generates a magnetic field at each electron.

More information

Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy

Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)

More information

Last Lecture. Overview and Introduction. 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. 2. Lasers. 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics

Last Lecture. Overview and Introduction. 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. 2. Lasers. 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics Last Lecture Overview and Introduction 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. Lasers 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics 4. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques Jigang Wang, Feb, 009 Today 1. Spectroscopy

More information

From laser cooling to BEC First experiments of superfluid hydrodynamics

From laser cooling to BEC First experiments of superfluid hydrodynamics From laser cooling to BEC First experiments of superfluid hydrodynamics Alice Sinatra Quantum Fluids course - Complement 1 2013-2014 Plan 1 COOLING AND TRAPPING 2 CONDENSATION 3 NON-LINEAR PHYSICS AND

More information

1. Cold Collision Basics

1. Cold Collision Basics ICAP Summer School, Seoul, S. Korea, July 18, 2016 1. Cold Collision Basics Paul S. Julienne Joint Quantum Institute NIST and The University of Maryland Thanks to many colleagues in theory and experiment

More information

Laser Spectroscopy of HeH + 施宙聰 2011 AMO TALK 2011/9/26

Laser Spectroscopy of HeH + 施宙聰 2011 AMO TALK 2011/9/26 Laser Spectroscopy of HeH + 施宙聰 2011 AMO TALK 2011/9/26 Outline Introduction Previous experimental results Saturation spectroscopy Conclusions and future works Diatomic Molecules Total energy=electronic

More information

(HCN) m -M n (M ) K, Ca, Sr): Vibrational Excitation Induced Solvation and Desolvation of Dopants in and on Helium Nanodroplets

(HCN) m -M n (M ) K, Ca, Sr): Vibrational Excitation Induced Solvation and Desolvation of Dopants in and on Helium Nanodroplets J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 3391 3402 3391 (HCN) m -M n (M ) K, Ca, Sr): Vibrational Excitation Induced Solvation and Desolvation of Dopants in and on Helium Nanodroplets Gary E. Douberly,*,, Paul L. Stiles,,

More information

What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light

What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase

More information

LASERS. Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion)

LASERS. Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion) L- LASERS Representative applications: Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion) Oscillators: Blasting: Energy States: Hydrogen atom Frequency/distance reference, local oscillators,

More information

Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry

Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451

More information

Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS

Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS Semiconductor Laser Diodes Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS The Road Ahead Lasers Basic Principles Applications Gas Lasers Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductor Lasers in Optical Networks Improvement

More information

Vibrational Spectroscopies. C-874 University of Delaware

Vibrational Spectroscopies. C-874 University of Delaware Vibrational Spectroscopies C-874 University of Delaware Vibrational Spectroscopies..everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the jigglings and wigglings of atoms.. R. P. Feymann Vibrational

More information

In situ studies on dynamic properties of carbon nanotubes with metal clusters

In situ studies on dynamic properties of carbon nanotubes with metal clusters In situ studies on dynamic properties of carbon nanotubes with metal clusters Jason Chang, Yuan-Chih Chang, Der-Hsien Lien, Shaw-Chieh Wang*, Tung Hsu*, and Tien T. Tsong Institute of Physics, Academia

More information

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. 1 The He 2 - OCS complex: comparison between theory and experiment J. Norooz Oliaee, 1 N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, 1 A.R.W. McKellar, 2 Xiao-Gang Wang, 3 and Tucker Carrington, Jr. 3 1 Department of Physics and

More information

EE485 Introduction to Photonics

EE485 Introduction to Photonics Pattern formed by fluorescence of quantum dots EE485 Introduction to Photonics Photon and Laser Basics 1. Photon properties 2. Laser basics 3. Characteristics of laser beams Reading: Pedrotti 3, Sec. 1.2,

More information

Experiments with an Ultracold Three-Component Fermi Gas

Experiments with an Ultracold Three-Component Fermi Gas Experiments with an Ultracold Three-Component Fermi Gas The Pennsylvania State University Ken O Hara Jason Williams Eric Hazlett Ronald Stites John Huckans Overview New Physics with Three Component Fermi

More information

Used for MS Short Course at Tsinghua by R. Graham Cooks, Hao Chen, Zheng Ouyang, Andy Tao, Yu Xia and Lingjun Li

Used for MS Short Course at Tsinghua by R. Graham Cooks, Hao Chen, Zheng Ouyang, Andy Tao, Yu Xia and Lingjun Li k(e) and RRKM Direct Dissociation and Predissociation: Predissociation: Electronic, vibrational, or rotations delayed dissociation (i.e metastable ions) Predissociation described by transistion state or

More information

Photo-Dissociation Resonances of Jet-Cooled NO 2 by CW-CRDS

Photo-Dissociation Resonances of Jet-Cooled NO 2 by CW-CRDS Photo-Dissociation Resonances of Jet-Cooled NO 2 by CW-CRDS Patrick DUPRÉ Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l Atmosphère, Université du Littoral, Côte d Opale Dunkerque, France ISMS 22-26 June 2015 Patrick

More information

MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF

MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF OUTLINE q q q q MOLECULE MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY MOLECULAR TRANSITIONS INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER q TYPES OF MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS q MOLECULE q In

More information

Lecture 6 - spectroscopy

Lecture 6 - spectroscopy Lecture 6 - spectroscopy 1 Light Electromagnetic radiation can be thought of as either a wave or as a particle (particle/wave duality). For scattering of light by particles, air, and surfaces, wave theory

More information

BEC of 6 Li 2 molecules: Exploring the BEC-BCS crossover

BEC of 6 Li 2 molecules: Exploring the BEC-BCS crossover Institut für Experimentalphysik Universität Innsbruck Dresden, 12.10. 2004 BEC of 6 Li 2 molecules: Exploring the BEC-BCS crossover Johannes Hecker Denschlag The lithium team Selim Jochim Markus Bartenstein

More information

Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems

Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems Physical Sciences Inc. VG11-010 Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney, Daniel L. Maser, William J. Kessler, Wilson T. Rawlins, and Steven J. Davis 20 New England Business Center

More information

Lecture 5. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS)

Lecture 5. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) Lecture 5 X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Principles 5.2 Interpretation 5.3 Instrumentation 5.4 XPS vs UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) 5.5 Auger Electron

More information

Vibrational Spectra of Chloroform, Freon-11 and Selected Isotopomers in the THz Frequency Region

Vibrational Spectra of Chloroform, Freon-11 and Selected Isotopomers in the THz Frequency Region Vibrational Spectra of Chloroform, Freon-11 and Selected Isotopomers in the THz Frequency Region Christa Haase, Jinjun Liu, Frédéric Merkt, Laboratorium für physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich current address:

More information

ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY

ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates

More information

Precision VUV spectroscopy of Ar I at 105 nm

Precision VUV spectroscopy of Ar I at 105 nm J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 (999) L5 L56. Printed in the UK PII: S0953-4075(99)05625-4 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Precision VUV spectroscopy of Ar I at 05 nm I Velchev, W Hogervorst and W Ubachs Vrije

More information

SFs-dimers. Hole Burning in the IR. Predissociation Spectrum of. (948.0 cm-1), see Figure 2a. The shifts and also the relative intensities

SFs-dimers. Hole Burning in the IR. Predissociation Spectrum of. (948.0 cm-1), see Figure 2a. The shifts and also the relative intensities Laser Chem. 1988, Vol. 8, pp. 275-281 (C) 1988 Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH Photocopying permitted by license only Reprints available directly from the Publisher Printed in the United Kingdom Hole

More information

Excitation of high angular momentum Rydberg states

Excitation of high angular momentum Rydberg states J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 19 (1986) L461-L465. Printed in Great Britain LE ITER TO THE EDITOR Excitation of high angular momentum Rydberg states W A Molanderi, C R Stroud Jr and John A Yeazell The Institute

More information

Visualization of Xe and Sn Atoms Generated from Laser-Produced Plasma for EUV Light Source

Visualization of Xe and Sn Atoms Generated from Laser-Produced Plasma for EUV Light Source 3rd International EUVL Symposium NOVEMBER 1-4, 2004 Miyazaki, Japan Visualization of Xe and Sn Atoms Generated from Laser-Produced Plasma for EUV Light Source H. Tanaka, A. Matsumoto, K. Akinaga, A. Takahashi

More information

4. Molecular spectroscopy. Basel, 2008

4. Molecular spectroscopy. Basel, 2008 4. Molecular spectroscopy Basel, 008 4.4.5 Fluorescence radiation The excited molecule: - is subject to collisions with the surrounding molecules and gives up energy by decreasing the vibrational levels

More information

Today: general condition for threshold operation physics of atomic, vibrational, rotational gain media intro to the Lorentz model

Today: general condition for threshold operation physics of atomic, vibrational, rotational gain media intro to the Lorentz model Today: general condition for threshold operation physics of atomic, vibrational, rotational gain media intro to the Lorentz model Laser operation Simplified energy conversion processes in a laser medium:

More information

Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Workshop on Oxygen Plasma Kinetics Sept 20, 2016 Financial support: ONR and MetroLaser

More information

1 Molecular collisions

1 Molecular collisions Advanced Kinetics Solution 9 April 29, 216 1 Molecular collisions 1.1 The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction is defined as: dc A dt = k(t )C A C B. (1) The attenuation of the intensity of the beam

More information

Lecture 3: Light absorbance

Lecture 3: Light absorbance Lecture 3: Light absorbance Perturbation Response 1 Light in Chemistry Light Response 0-3 Absorbance spectrum of benzene 2 Absorption Visible Light in Chemistry S 2 S 1 Fluorescence http://www.microscopyu.com

More information

Electronic Spectroscopy of Toluene in Helium. Nanodroplets: Evidence for a Long-Lived Excited State

Electronic Spectroscopy of Toluene in Helium. Nanodroplets: Evidence for a Long-Lived Excited State Electronic Spectroscopy of Toluene in Helium Nanodroplets: Evidence for a Long-Lived Excited State Benjamin Shepperson, Jon Tandy, Adrian Boatwright, Cheng Feng, Daniel Spence, Andrew Shirley, Shengfu

More information

Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy

Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy Dave Berg djberg@uvic.ca Elliott 314 A course in determining structure by spectroscopic methods Different types of spectroscopy afford different information about molecules

More information

Optical Gain and Multi-Quantum Excitation in Optically Pumped Alkali Atom Rare Gas Mixtures

Optical Gain and Multi-Quantum Excitation in Optically Pumped Alkali Atom Rare Gas Mixtures Physical Sciences Inc. Optical Gain and Multi-Quantum Excitation in Optically Pumped Alkali Atom Rare Gas Mixtures Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney, Wilson T. Rawlins, and Steven J. Davis 20 New England Business

More information

CHEM Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy

CHEM Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy CHEM 21112 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy References: 1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy by C.N. Banwell 2. Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins Dr. Sujeewa De Silva Sub topics Light and matter

More information

CW-Lyman- Source for Laser Cooling of Antihydrogen in a Magnetic Trap

CW-Lyman- Source for Laser Cooling of Antihydrogen in a Magnetic Trap CW-Lyman- Source for Laser Cooling of Antihydrogen in a Magnetic Trap F. Markert, M. Scheid, D. Kolbe, A. Müllers, T. Weber, V. Neises, R. Steinborn and J. Walz Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität

More information

DIODE- AND DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY LASER STUDIES OF ATMOSPHERIC MOLECULES IN THE NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED: H2O, NH3, and NO2

DIODE- AND DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY LASER STUDIES OF ATMOSPHERIC MOLECULES IN THE NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED: H2O, NH3, and NO2 DIODE- AND DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY LASER STUDIES OF ATMOSPHERIC MOLECULES IN THE NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED: H2O, NH3, and NO2 Johannes ORPHAL, Pascale CHELIN, Nofal IBRAHIM, and Pierre-Marie FLAUD Laboratoire

More information

requency generation spectroscopy Rahul N

requency generation spectroscopy Rahul N requency generation spectroscopy Rahul N 2-11-2013 Sum frequency generation spectroscopy Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. SFG was first

More information

Superfluidity of a 2D Bose gas (arxiv: v1)

Superfluidity of a 2D Bose gas (arxiv: v1) Superfluidity of a 2D Bose gas (arxiv:1205.4536v1) Christof Weitenberg, Rémi Desbuquois, Lauriane Chomaz, Tarik Yefsah, Julian Leonard, Jérôme Beugnon, Jean Dalibard Trieste 18.07.2012 Phase transitions

More information

AMO at FLASH. FELs provide unique opportunities and challenges for AMO physics. due to essentially three reasons:

AMO at FLASH. FELs provide unique opportunities and challenges for AMO physics. due to essentially three reasons: Experience at FLASH AMO at FLASH FELs provide unique opportunities and challenges for AMO physics due to essentially three reasons: AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples Highly charged ions

More information

Experimental Investigation of Mobility Changes of Negative Ions in Superfluid Helium due to Photo-excitation

Experimental Investigation of Mobility Changes of Negative Ions in Superfluid Helium due to Photo-excitation J Low Temp Phys (2014) 175:70 77 DOI 10.1007/s10909-013-0983-6 Experimental Investigation of Mobility Changes of Negative Ions in Superfluid Helium due to Photo-excitation W. Wei Z.-L. Xie G.M. Seidel

More information

Simple Atom, Extreme Nucleus: Laser Trapping and Probing of He-8. Zheng-Tian Lu Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago

Simple Atom, Extreme Nucleus: Laser Trapping and Probing of He-8. Zheng-Tian Lu Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago Simple Atom, Extreme Nucleus: Laser Trapping and Probing of He-8 Zheng-Tian Lu Argonne National Laboratory University of Chicago Funding: DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics Helium Atom fm Å e - Ionization

More information

Time-domain analysis of electronic spectra in superfluid 4 He

Time-domain analysis of electronic spectra in superfluid 4 He Chemical Physics Letters 396 (2004) 155 160 www.elsevier.com/locate/cplett Time-domain analysis of electronic spectra in superfluid 4 He J. Eloranta a, *, H.Ye. Seferyan b, V.A. Apkarian b a Department

More information

Lecture 7: Molecular Transitions (2) Line radiation from molecular clouds to derive physical parameters

Lecture 7: Molecular Transitions (2) Line radiation from molecular clouds to derive physical parameters Lecture 7: Molecular Transitions (2) Line radiation from molecular clouds to derive physical parameters H 2 CO (NH 3 ) See sections 5.1-5.3.1 and 6.1 of Stahler & Palla Column density Volume density (Gas

More information

Instrumental Analysis. Mass Spectrometry. Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai

Instrumental Analysis. Mass Spectrometry. Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai 303351 Instrumental Analysis Mass Spectrometry Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai Mass Spectrometry What is Mass spectrometry (MS)? An analytic method that employs ionization and mass analysis of compounds in

More information

Comments to Atkins: Physical chemistry, 7th edition.

Comments to Atkins: Physical chemistry, 7th edition. Comments to Atkins: Physical chemistry, 7th edition. Chapter 16: p. 483, Eq. (16.1). The definition that the wave number is the inverse of the wave length should be used. That is much smarter. p. 483-484.

More information

Quantum Statistics (2)

Quantum Statistics (2) Quantum Statistics Our final application of quantum mechanics deals with statistical physics in the quantum domain. We ll start by considering the combined wavefunction of two identical particles, 1 and

More information

Diagnósticos em Plasmas

Diagnósticos em Plasmas Tecnologia a Plasma para o Processamento de Materiais Diagnósticos em Plasmas Diagnósticos Ópticos João Santos Sousa, nº50901 Semestre Inverno 2004/2005 21 de Janeiro de 2005, 9h-10h, sala F8 Contents

More information

Experiment #9. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Experiment #9. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Introduction Experiment #9. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of light with matter. This interaction can be in the form of the absorption or the emission of electromagnetic

More information

Ultracold molecules - a new frontier for quantum & chemical physics

Ultracold molecules - a new frontier for quantum & chemical physics Ultracold molecules - a new frontier for quantum & chemical physics Debbie Jin Jun Ye JILA, NIST & CU, Boulder University of Virginia April 24, 2015 NIST, NSF, AFOSR, ARO Ultracold atomic matter Precise

More information

Rotational states and rotational transitions of molecules. Microwave spectroscopic methods

Rotational states and rotational transitions of molecules. Microwave spectroscopic methods Rotational states and rotational transitions of molecules Microwave spectroscopic methods Consequences of the BO approximation Within the BO approximation, the Schrödinger equation can be solved using

More information

Bosonic Path Integrals

Bosonic Path Integrals Bosonic Path Integrals 1. Overview of effect of bose statistics. Permutation sampling considerations 3. Calculation of superfluid density and momentum distribution. 4. Applications of PIMC to liquid helium

More information

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy 3 IR regions Structure and Functional Group Absorption IR Reflection IR Photoacoustic IR IR Emission Micro 10-1 Mid-IR Mid-IR absorption Samples Placed in cell (salt)

More information

Linda R. Brown. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA

Linda R. Brown. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA Infrared Laboratory Spectroscopy. of CH4 and CH3D for Atmospheric Studies Linda R. Brown Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109 linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov The part

More information

CIRCUIT QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS WITH ELECTRONS ON HELIUM

CIRCUIT QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS WITH ELECTRONS ON HELIUM CIRCUIT QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS WITH ELECTRONS ON HELIUM David Schuster Assistant Professor University of Chicago Chicago Ge Yang Bing Li Michael Geracie Yale Andreas Fragner Rob Schoelkopf Useful cryogenics

More information

Confining ultracold atoms on a ring in reduced dimensions

Confining ultracold atoms on a ring in reduced dimensions Confining ultracold atoms on a ring in reduced dimensions Hélène Perrin Laboratoire de physique des lasers, CNRS-Université Paris Nord Charge and heat dynamics in nano-systems Orsay, October 11, 2011 What

More information

Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods

Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation (EM) Wave Properties of EM Quantum Mechanical Properties of EM Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical

More information

ATMOS 5140 Lecture 11 Chapter 9

ATMOS 5140 Lecture 11 Chapter 9 ATMS 5140 Lecture 11 hapter 9 Absorption by Atmospheric Gases Rotational Vibrational Applications Basis for Molecular Absorption/Emission hanges in the translational kinetic energy of molecules (i.e. temperature)

More information

CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter

CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan22 1 1. Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter 1.1. Absorption (excitation), emission, diffraction, scattering, refraction

More information

Laser MEOP of 3 He: Basic Concepts, Current Achievements, and Challenging Prospects

Laser MEOP of 3 He: Basic Concepts, Current Achievements, and Challenging Prospects Polarization in Noble Gases, October 8-13, 2017 Laser MEOP of 3 He: Basic Concepts, Current Achievements, and Challenging Prospects Pierre-Jean Nacher Geneviève Tastevin Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel ENS

More information

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 21: MASS SPECTROMETRY CHAPTER 21: Opener 21.0 Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry provides information about 1) The elemental composition of

More information

The last 2 million years.

The last 2 million years. Lecture 5: Earth Climate History - Continued Ice core records from both Greenland and Antarctica have produced a remarkable record of climate during the last 450,000 years. Trapped air bubbles provide

More information

Probing and Driving Molecular Dynamics with Femtosecond Pulses

Probing and Driving Molecular Dynamics with Femtosecond Pulses Miroslav Kloz Probing and Driving Molecular Dynamics with Femtosecond Pulses (wavelengths above 200 nm, energies below mj) Why femtosecond lasers in biology? Scales of size and time are closely rerated!

More information

1 Molecular collisions

1 Molecular collisions 1 Molecular collisions The present exercise starts with the basics of molecular collisions as presented in Chapter 4 of the lecture notes. After that, particular attention is devoted to several specific

More information

4. How can fragmentation be useful in identifying compounds? Permits identification of branching not observed in soft ionization.

4. How can fragmentation be useful in identifying compounds? Permits identification of branching not observed in soft ionization. Homework 9: Chapters 20-21 Assigned 12 April; Due 17 April 2006; Quiz on 19 April 2006 Chap. 20 (Molecular Mass Spectroscopy) Chap. 21 (Surface Analysis) 1. What are the types of ion sources in molecular

More information

Boltzmann Distribution

Boltzmann Distribution Boltzmann Distribution 0,4 N 0,3 0,2 T1 T2 T3 Τ 1 >Τ 2 >Τ 3 0,1 0,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Energy Electronic transitions hν hν E 2 E 1 induced Absorption spontaneous Emission induced Emission Β 12 Α 21

More information

ATOMS. Central field model (4 quantum numbers + Pauli exclusion) n = 1, 2, 3,... 0 l n 1 (0, 1, 2, 3 s, p, d, f) m l l, m s = ±1/2

ATOMS. Central field model (4 quantum numbers + Pauli exclusion) n = 1, 2, 3,... 0 l n 1 (0, 1, 2, 3 s, p, d, f) m l l, m s = ±1/2 ATOMS Central field model (4 quantum numbers + Pauli exclusion) n = 1, 2, 3,... 0 l n 1 (0, 1, 2, 3 s, p, d, f) m l l, m s = ±1/2 Spectroscopic notation: 2S+1 L J (Z 40) L is total orbital angular momentum

More information

Vibrational and Rotational Analysis of Hydrogen Halides

Vibrational and Rotational Analysis of Hydrogen Halides Vibrational and Rotational Analysis of Hydrogen Halides Goals Quantitative assessments of HBr molecular characteristics such as bond length, bond energy, etc CHEM 164A Huma n eyes Near-Infrared Infrared

More information