AMO at FLASH. FELs provide unique opportunities and challenges for AMO physics. due to essentially three reasons:

Transcription

1 Experience at FLASH

2 AMO at FLASH FELs provide unique opportunities and challenges for AMO physics due to essentially three reasons:

3 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times Ions, molecules, clusters Traps REMI EBIT Rings MOTRIMS X-ray CCD dedicated, novel instruments needed few fs dynamics VMI

4 Experience at FLASH He Droplets Xe Clusters MOTRIMS Few-Photon Pump&Probe Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging FLASH-light experimental hall Highly Charged Ions a variety of instruments is needed Molecular Ions

5 Experiments: LCLS 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples I Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential II Cold and state-prepared III Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times Ions, molecules, clusters MOTRIMS X-ray CCD few fs dynamics

6 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

7 Experience at FLASH Sascha Epp, PhD Jose Crespo López-Urrutia He Droplets Xe Clusters Pump & Probe EBIT Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Few-Photon- Processes ~ cm -3 Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging He-like ions for all elements! experimental hall Molecular Ions

8 Highly Charged Ions Galaxies X-Rays AGN Astrophysics AGNs Coronae Comets Highly Charged Fundamental Ions questions are everywhere in the Universe

9 Highly Charged Ions Uranium ΔE 500 ev Z α s <E> [V/cm] Laser fields: W/cm 2 Hydrogen Nuclear Charge, Z ΔE 10-6 ev Z α 10-2

10 Highly Charged Ions Resonance Laser FLASH-EBIT Fluorescence Spectroscopy

11 Highly Charged Ions FLASH-light Fe 23+ ions XUV-photons

12 coincidence time / μs SE+VP screening other experiments Recent beamtime 2-loop QED Resolving Power: now: ? then: ? For many transitions in highly charged ions! Expected improvement: factors ! photon energy / ev S. Epp, J. Crespo et al. PRL 98 Sascha (2007) Epp, PhD

13 Experiments: LCLS 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples I Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

14 LCLS Ionisation of ions Absorption by ions Opacity Precision spectroscopy: H-, He-like,.. Life-times: nano- to femtoseconds! Nuclear properties Plasma-physics

15 LCLS

16 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples I Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions TRAP 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

17 Current Experiments He Droplets Xe Clusters Pump & Probe Few-Photon- Processes Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging experimental hall Molecular Ions

18 Cold Fragment Molecular Detection Ions VUV-Beam Cold Ion Beam ions HeH nm - October 2006 Trap H. Pederson, A. Wolf et al. PRL 98 (2007 ) Ion Source

19 Cold Molecular Ions H. Pederson, A. Wolf et al. PRL 98 (2007 ) H He + H + H e - H H e - e - e - H He* H H H - H HeH + He H H H 2 H H 3 + bio molecules life How do did molecules form in in interstellar the early Universe space??

20 Cold Molecular Ions X-FEL opens completely new perspectives - initial quantum-state prepared - final quantum-state completely measured - from simple molecules, complicated ones, bio-molecules, clusters,, grains,, dust Among others important for: - physics of inter-stellar, near-stellar clouds - physics of the upper atmosphere

21 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

22 Current Experiments He Droplets Xe Clusters Pump & Probe Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Few-Photon- Processes Vector momenta: Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging experimental hall electrons and ions Molecular Ions often 100 % solid angle very good resolution

23 He: Non-Sequential He 0 He 2+ Angular Correlation? The most fundamental 2-photon 2-electron non-linear reaction E hν = 45 ev 0-40 Energy (ev) 1s 2-80

24 He Double Ionization Theoretical papers (not complete) Foumouo et al., JPB 39, 427 (2006) Palacios et al., PRL 96, (2006) Kheifets and Ivanov, JPB 39, 1731 (2006) Barna et al., PRA 73, (2006) Nikolopoulos and Lambropoulos, JPB 39, 883 (2006) Madine et al., JPB 39, 4049 (2006) Cohen et al., JPB 39, 2693 (2006) Experimental benchmark data Hu et al., JPB 38, L34 (2005) are needed! Themelis et al., JPB 37, 4281 (2005) de Castro et al., PRA 72, (2005)

25 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

26 Ne: Sequential Ionization Ne + Ne 2+ Ne 0 Ne + E kin E hν = 45 ev 2p 0-20 Energy (ev) 2s 2 4p 4 ( 3 P) 2s 2 4p 4 ( 1 D) 2s 2 4p 4 ( 1 S) ev 2s -40

27 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

28 E (ev) Molecule Fragmentation FC 2 N 4+ 2 N 3+ 2 D 1 Σ + u d 3 Π g A 1 Π u CE N 2+ 2 CE N 2+ ( 2 P)+N 2+ ( 2 P) N 2+ ( 2 P)+N + ( 3 P) E hν = 45 ev 6 X 1 Σ + N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 1 g D) Δt ~ 15 N + ( 3 P)+N fs + ( 3 P) N + 2 X2 Σ + g 1 r (Angstroms) N 2 X 1 Σ + g Observed Kinetic Wave packet Energy dissociation dynamics? Release: channels KER 4 N 2 3 KER (ev) (N 2+ )* N 2 + N + + N N + + N + N + + N 2+ N 2+ + N 2+ N 2 2+ N 2+ + N relevant for upper atmosphere 1 st photon 2 nd photon 3 th photon 4 th photon

29 Molecule Fragmentation E (ev) FC 2 1 N 4+ 2 N 3+ 2 D 1 Σ + u d 3 Π g A 1 Π u X 1 Σ + g CE N 2+ 2 CE N 2+ ( 2 P)+N 2+ ( 2 P) 4 3 N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 3 P) r (Angstroms) N 2+ ( 2 P)+N + ( 3 P) N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 1 D) N + 2 X2 Σ + g N 2 X 1 Σ + g Complete fragment imaging KER (ev) a.u a.u. N + momenta N + + N + coincidence

30 Molecule Fragmentation E (ev) FC 2 1 N 4+ 2 N 3+ 2 D 1 Σ + u d 3 Π g A 1 Π u X 1 Σ + g CE N 2+ 2 CE N 2+ ( 2 P)+N 2+ ( 2 P) 4 3 N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 3 P) r (Angstroms) N 2+ ( 2 P)+N + ( 3 P) N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 1 D) N + 2 X2 Σ + g N 2 X 1 Σ + g Complete fragment imaging KER (ev) a.u. plus photoelectron spectra a.u. N 2+ momenta N + + N 2+ coincidence Y. Jiang et al., in preparation

31 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

32 Current Experiments He Droplets Li Magneto-Optical Pump & Trap + Reaction Microscope Xe Clusters Probe Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Few-Photon- Processes Vector momenta: Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging experimental hall ions ( ( and electrons) ±0.8 μev resolution Molecular Ions excited / aligned states

33 Experiments: LCLS 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

34 MOT-Reaction Microscope Li: 1 or 2 Photons talk to 3 Electrons Li: Photon Correlation Function Na: Trace the Fate of few Electrons Na, K: Ultra-fast Optical Switches Rb, Cs: What about many Electrons? Plasma-Physics: Strongly Correlated

35 MOT-Reaction Microscope

36 AMO at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

37 X-Ray CCD Detectors 35 nm Xe clusters nozzle skimmer cluster beam MCP detector + phosphor screen Ch. Bostedt, Th. Möller et al., CCD camera MPI-HLL Detectors 550 nm visible light FEL beam aperture skimmer aperture VUV scattered light FLASH beam dump plane mirror With: Chapman, Bostedt, Möller, Hajdu et al.

38 Experiments: LCLS 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

39 Complete + Photons

40 Experience at FLASH 1. huge integrated flux Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions dilute samples EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential Cold and state-prepared Clusters and nano-particles Reaction Microscope 3. extreme short times few fs dynamics Ions, molecules, clusters

41 Current Experiments He Droplets Xe Clusters Few-Photon Pump&Probe Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging experimental hall Molecular Ions

42 Laser Aligned Molecules N Next + fragment step: looking alignment: for revivals in dynamic IR pump molecular / XUV alignment probe H 2 + FEL H 2 + H IR H + IR FEL Bond softening IR+ FEL delay Single photon ionization by FEL Velocity Map Imaging

43 Complete + Photons AMOLF, Amsterdam MPQ, Munic Split Multi-Layer Mirror FROG-, SPIDER-type auto-correlation VUV-VUV pump-probe on molecules

44 Molecule Fragmentation E (ev) FC 1 N 4+ 2 N 3+ 2 D 1 Σ + u d 3 Π g A 1 Π u CE N 2+ 2 CE N 2+ ( 2 P)+N 2+ ( 2 P) 2 X 1 Σ + g delay N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 3 P) r (Angstroms) N 2+ ( 2 P)+N + ( 3 P) N + ( 3 P)+N + ( 1 D) N + 2 X2 Σ + g N 2 X 1 Σ + g KER (ev) Wave packet dynamics a.u. relevant for upper atmosphere

45 Experiments: LCLS 1. huge integrated flux dilute samples I Highly charged ions Cold molecular ions EBIT 2. huge peak intensities multi photon Atoms: non-sequential Ions & molecules: sequential II Cold and state-prepared III Clusters and nano-particles 3. extreme short times Ions, molecules, clusters MOTRIMS X-ray CCD few fs dynamics

46 Current Experiments He Droplets Xe Clusters Few-Photon Pump&Probe Highly Charged Ions MOTRIMS Laser aligned Molecules Velocity Map Imaging experimental hall Molecular Ions

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