Boltzmann Distribution
|
|
- Francis Thompson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Boltzmann Distribution 0,4 N 0,3 0,2 T1 T2 T3 Τ 1 >Τ 2 >Τ 3 0,1 0, Energy
2 Electronic transitions hν hν E 2 E 1 induced Absorption spontaneous Emission induced Emission Β 12 Α 21 Β 21 Einstein coefficients
3 Black-Body Radiation A blackbody is a hypothetical object that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation while maintaining thermal equilibrium. The Quantum of Energy The Planck Distribution Law ρ ν ) 8 π h = c ν ( 3 h ν / kt e 3-1
4 Atomic Spectroscopy Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Xenon
5
6
7 Selection Rules Δ n: without exceptions Δ l = ± 1 Δ m = 0, ± 1 Δ s: without exceptions
8 L ight A mplification by S timulated E mission of R adiation
9 Laserresonator
10 Population inversion hν b a
11 3 - levels 4 - levels E 3 E 2 pumping E 1 τ 3 fast τ 2 induced Emission (lasing) E 4 E 3 pumping E 2 E 1 fast τ 4 fast induced τ 2 Emission (lasing) τ 3 τ 2 >> τ s >> 10-8 s τ 3>> τ s >> 10-8 s
12 Different Lasers Laser Wavelength Power/Pulse Characteristics Applications Rubin Al 2 O 3 /Cr nm CW: 5W Puls:10 6, 10 6 W (1-3 ms) Puls:10 9 W(10ns) Pump: Photons 3-levels Dermathology: YAG Y 3 Al 2 O 15 /Nd nm CW: 10 3 W Puls:10 8 W (10 ns) Pumpe: Fotonen 4-levels Medicals, Research He-Ne 632.8nm W complicated. Laserprinter, Barcodescanners CO nm 9600nm CW: W Puls:10 2, 10 3 ns 10 5 W Vibration levels Industry dyelaser nm CW: 10-1 W Puls:10 5 W (6 ns) Vibration Sub-levels Spectroscopy Others: Titanium-Saphir-laser, Diodelaser, Excimerlaser
13 He Ne Laser nm Spectrum of a helium neon laser Spectrum of a helium neon laser
14 Rubinlaser (Al 2 O 3 -Wirtskristall (Saphir/Korund), dotiert mit Chromionen)
15 Carbondioxide laser
16 hν hν hν e - Valence Energy: hc/λ: 4eV 1.8eV 1eV Core UPS XPS AES Photoelectron Spectroscopy
17 Molecular Spectroscopy
18 rotating polar 2-atoms Molecule x - µ does not change. µ it changes!!!. vibrating polar 2-atoms Molecule + - µ it also changes.
19 Terms-schema and Spectrum of rotations transitions
20 Vibrations transitions between Two electronic states by a biatomic Molecule. Energy Excited electronic states Intensity distribution of vibrations transitions according to the Franck- Condon-Principle Ground electronic state Intensity Nuclear coordinates Vibrational states Energy
21 Infrared Spectroscopy ΔJ=-1 ΔJ=+1 ΔJ=0 (not allowed)
22 Raman-Effect Elastic collision of Photons Stokes-Ramandispersion Rayleighdispersion Anti-Stokes- Raman-dispersion
23 Molecules having Symmetry centers:! Vibration transitions symmetric to the symmetry center not allowed at IR spectra.! Vibration transitions antisymmetric to the symmetry center not allowed at Raman spectra.
24 Spectroscopies according to the wavelength EM-beam Wavelength Frequency range Wave number in cm 1 Energy range in kj/mol Radio Waves 100 m 1 m 3 MHz 300 MHz , Microwaves 1 m 1 cm 300 MHz 30 GHz 0, ,01 Microwaves 1 cm 100 µm 30 GHz ,01 1 Infrared 100 µm 1 µm Hz Hz Visible, UV 1 µm 10 nm Hz Hz X-Rays 10 nm 100 pm Hz Hz Gamma Rays 100 pm 1 pm Hz Hz
25 EM-beam Properties analysed Spectroscopic Method Radio Waves Microwaves Changes on the nuclear spin Changes on the electron spin Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) Electronspin resonance spectroscopy (ESR/EPR), Ramsey-Spectroscopy (Atoms clocks) Microwaves Changes on the rotation states Microwave spectroscopy Infrared Visible, UV X-Rays Changes on the vibration states Changes on the electronic states (Outer electrons) Changes on the electronic states (inner electrons) VIbrationalspectroscopiy; (Infraredspectroscopy (IR) and Ramanspectroscopy, UV/VIS-Spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Fluorescence spectroscopy; Ultrashorttime-Spectroscopiy; Atomspectroscopy X-Ray spectroscopy (XRS); Electron spectroscopy; Auger-Electron-Spectroscopc (AES); Mößbauer-Spectroscopy Gamma Rays Changes on the nuclear states) Gammaspectroscopy
Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy
Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy Dave Berg djberg@uvic.ca Elliott 314 A course in determining structure by spectroscopic methods Different types of spectroscopy afford different information about molecules
More informationLecture 3: Light absorbance
Lecture 3: Light absorbance Perturbation Response 1 Light in Chemistry Light Response 0-3 Absorbance spectrum of benzene 2 Absorption Visible Light in Chemistry S 2 S 1 Fluorescence http://www.microscopyu.com
More informationClassification of spectroscopic methods
Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the matter. Spectrophotometry is the measurement of these interactions i.e. the measurement of the intensity
More informationWavelength λ Velocity v. Electric Field Strength Amplitude A. Time t or Distance x time for 1 λ to pass fixed point. # of λ passing per s ν= 1 p
Introduction to Spectroscopy (Chapter 6) Electromagnetic radiation (wave) description: Wavelength λ Velocity v Electric Field Strength 0 Amplitude A Time t or Distance x Period p Frequency ν time for 1
More informationReflection = EM strikes a boundary between two media differing in η and bounces back
Reflection = EM strikes a boundary between two media differing in η and bounces back Incident ray θ 1 θ 2 Reflected ray Medium 1 (air) η = 1.00 Medium 2 (glass) η = 1.50 Specular reflection = situation
More informationSpectroscopy. a laboratory method of analyzing matter using electromagnetic radiation.
Spectroscopy a laboratory method of analyzing matter using electromagnetic radiation. Mass Spectrometry Determines the relative abundance of the different isotopes of an element Used to determine the average
More informationR O Y G B V. Spin States. Outer Shell Electrons. Molecular Rotations. Inner Shell Electrons. Molecular Vibrations. Nuclear Transitions
Spin States Molecular Rotations Molecular Vibrations Outer Shell Electrons Inner Shell Electrons Nuclear Transitions NMR EPR Microwave Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy UV-vis Absorption,
More informationSpectroscopy. a laboratory method of analyzing matter using electromagnetic radiation
Spectroscopy a laboratory method of analyzing matter using electromagnetic radiation The electromagnetic spectrum Radiation Scale of Absorption involves: Example of spectroscopy Gamma rays pm Nuclear reactions
More informationPHYS 172: Modern Mechanics Fall 2009
PHYS 172: Modern Mechanics Fall 2009 Lecture 14 Energy Quantization Read 7.1 7.9 Reading Question: Ch. 7, Secs 1-5 A simple model for the hydrogen atom treats the electron as a particle in circular orbit
More information1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS
1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS 1. Introduction Types of electron emission, Dunnington s method, different types of spectra, Fraunhoffer
More informationSkoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods
Skoog Chapter 6 Introduction to Spectrometric Methods General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation (EM) Wave Properties of EM Quantum Mechanical Properties of EM Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical
More informationMolecular spectroscopy
Molecular spectroscopy Origin of spectral lines = absorption, emission and scattering of a photon when the energy of a molecule changes: rad( ) M M * rad( ' ) ' v' 0 0 absorption( ) emission ( ) scattering
More informationAtomic Structure. Standing Waves x10 8 m/s. (or Hz or 1/s) λ Node
Atomic Structure Topics: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 7.2 Planck, Einstein, Energy, and Photons 7.3 Atomic Line Spectra and Niels Bohr 7.4 The Wave Properties of the Electron 7.5 Quantum Mechanical View
More informationInstrumentelle Analytik in den Geowissenschaften (PI)
280061 VU MA-ERD-2 Instrumentelle Analytik in den Geowissenschaften (PI) Handoutmaterial zum Vorlesungsteil Spektroskopie Bei Fragen bitte zu kontaktieren: Prof. Lutz Nasdala, Institut für Mineralogie
More informationProperties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information
Concepts: Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5 Electromagnetic waves Types of spectra Temperature Blackbody radiation Dual nature of radiation Atomic structure Interaction of light and matter
More informationModern Physics. Unit 6: Hydrogen Atom - Radiation Lecture 6.5: Optical Absorption. Ron Reifenberger Professor of Physics Purdue University
Modern Physics Unit 6: Hydrogen tom - Radiation Lecture 6.5: Optical bsorption Ron Reifenberger Professor of Physics Purdue University 1 We now have a simple quantum model for how light is emitted. How
More informationChem 442 Review of Spectroscopy
Chem 44 Review of Spectroscopy General spectroscopy Wavelength (nm), frequency (s -1 ), wavenumber (cm -1 ) Frequency (s -1 ): n= c l Wavenumbers (cm -1 ): n =1 l Chart of photon energies and spectroscopies
More information24/ Rayleigh and Raman scattering. Stokes and anti-stokes lines. Rotational Raman spectroscopy. Polarizability ellipsoid. Selection rules.
Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 8/ Physical Spectroscopy 24/ Rayleigh and Raman scattering. Stokes and anti-stokes lines. Rotational Raman spectroscopy. Polarizability
More informationBecause light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency.
Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light
More informationNPTEL/IITM. Molecular Spectroscopy Lectures 1 & 2. Prof.K. Mangala Sunder Page 1 of 15. Topics. Part I : Introductory concepts Topics
Molecular Spectroscopy Lectures 1 & 2 Part I : Introductory concepts Topics Why spectroscopy? Introduction to electromagnetic radiation Interaction of radiation with matter What are spectra? Beer-Lambert
More informationCHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter
CHEM6416 Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy 2013Jan22 1 1. Spectroscopy frequency dependence of the interaction of light with matter 1.1. Absorption (excitation), emission, diffraction, scattering, refraction
More information高等食品分析 (Advanced Food Analysis) I. SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS *Instrumental methods: 1. Spectroscopic methods (spectroscopy): a) Electromagnetic radiation
*Instrumental methods: 1. Spectroscopic methods (spectroscopy): a) Electromagnetic radiation (EMR): γ-ray emission X-Ray absorption, emission, fluorescence and diffraction Vacuum ultraviolet (UV) absorption
More informationLaser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful
Main Requirements of the Laser Optical Resonator Cavity Laser Gain Medium of 2, 3 or 4 level types in the Cavity Sufficient means of Excitation (called pumping) eg. light, current, chemical reaction Population
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength
More informationIntroduction. The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants
Introduction The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Unlike mass spectrometry,
More informationHomework Due by 5PM September 20 (next class) Does everyone have a topic that has been approved by the faculty?
Howdy Folks. Homework Due by 5PM September 20 (next class) 5-Problems Every Week due 1 week later. Does everyone have a topic that has been approved by the faculty? Practice your presentation as I will
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3 Quantum Transitions The energy of a photon can also be transferred to an elementary particle by adsorption if the energy of the photon exactly matches the
More informationChapter 3. Electromagnetic Theory, Photons. and Light. Lecture 7
Lecture 7 Chapter 3 Electromagnetic Theory, Photons. and Light Sources of light Emission of light by atoms The electromagnetic spectrum see supplementary material posted on the course website Electric
More informationLight. Light (con t.) 2/28/11. Examples
Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light
More informationInformation in Radio Waves
Summative Assessment: Natural Sources of Radio Performance expectation: Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and
More informationLaser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
More informationLaserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik
Laserphysik Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de Office: Heisenbergbau V 202, Unterpörlitzer Straße
More informationWEEK 2: 4 SEP THRU 10 SEP; LECTURES 4-6
Learning Objectives Energy: Light as energy Describe the wave nature of light, wavelength, and frequency using the equation c = λν What is meant by the particle nature of light? Calculate the energy of
More informationDETECTION OF UNPAIRED ELECTRONS
DETECTION OF UNPAIRED ELECTRONS There are experimental methods for the detection of unpaired electrons. One of the hallmarks of unpaired electrons in materials is interaction with a magnetic field. That
More informationFundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and
More informationGeneral Chemistry. Contents. Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms. Contents. 9-1 Electromagnetic Radiation. EM Radiation. Frequency, Wavelength and Velocity
General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications Petrucci Harwood Herring 8 th Edition Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4 Contents 9-1 Electromagnetic
More informationApplication of IR Raman Spectroscopy
Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy 3 IR regions Structure and Functional Group Absorption IR Reflection IR Photoacoustic IR IR Emission Micro 10-1 Mid-IR Mid-IR absorption Samples Placed in cell (salt)
More informationLecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy
Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy Pages 427 430 and Chapter 13 Molecular Spectroscopy Molecular spectroscopy: the study of the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are absorbed or emitted by substances
More informationLecture 0. NC State University
Chemistry 736 Lecture 0 Overview NC State University Overview of Spectroscopy Electronic states and energies Transitions between states Absorption and emission Electronic spectroscopy Instrumentation Concepts
More informationWavelength (λ)- Frequency (ν)- Which of the following has a higher frequency?
Name: Unit 5- Light and Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that emits wave-like behavior as it travels through space. Amplitude (a)- Wavelength (λ)- Which
More informationThe Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation
The Nature of Light I: Electromagnetic Waves Spectra Kirchoff s Laws Temperature Blackbody radiation Electromagnetic Radiation (How we get most of our information about the cosmos) Examples of electromagnetic
More informationPhys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics. Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time
Phys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time 1 Reading this Week By Fri.: Ch. 13 (13.1, 13.3) Lasers, Holography 2 Homework this Week No Homework this chapter.
More informationModel Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)
More informationMOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF
MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS DR IMRANA ASHRAF OUTLINE q q q q MOLECULE MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY MOLECULAR TRANSITIONS INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER q TYPES OF MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS q MOLECULE q In
More informationWhat happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence. Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering
Raman Spectroscopy What happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering Raman, Fluorescence and IR Scattering Absorption
More informationHomework 04 - Electromagnetic Radiation
HW04 - Electromagnetic Radiation This is a preview of the published version of the quiz Started: Jul 7 at 9:43am Quiz Instructions Homework 04 - Electromagnetic Radiation Question 1-7 What is the frequency
More informationCHEM*3440. Photon Energy Units. Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation. Chemical Instrumentation. Spectroscopic Experimental Concept.
Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation is light. Different energy light interacts with different motions in molecules. CHEM*344 Chemical Instrumentation Topic 7 Spectrometry Radiofrequency
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 THE PERIODIC TABLE & ATOMIC STRUCTURE INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6 THE PERIODIC TABLE & ATOMIC STRUCTURE 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 6 THE PERIODIC TABLE & ATOMIC STRUCTURE The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Wave
More informationWhat is spectroscopy?
Absorption Spectrum What is spectroscopy? Studying the properties of matter through its interaction with different frequency components of the electromagnetic spectrum. With light, you aren t looking directly
More informationChemistry 795T. Lecture 7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation. NC State University
Chemistry 795T Lecture 7 Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation NC State University Black body Radiation An ideal emitter of radiation is called a black body. Observation: that peak of the energy
More informationChemistry 795T. Black body Radiation. The wavelength and the frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum. Lecture 7
Chemistry 795T Lecture 7 Electromagnetic Spectrum Black body Radiation NC State University Black body Radiation An ideal emitter of radiation is called a black body. Observation: that peak of the energy
More informationATOMIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRONS, AND PERIODICITY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRONS, AND PERIODICITY All matter is made of atoms. There are a limited number of types of atoms; these are the elements. (EU 1.A) Development of Atomic Theory Atoms are so small
More informationLast Lecture. Overview and Introduction. 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. 2. Lasers. 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics
Last Lecture Overview and Introduction 1. Basic optics and spectroscopy. Lasers 3. Ultrafast lasers and nonlinear optics 4. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques Jigang Wang, Feb, 009 Today 1. Spectroscopy
More informationWrite the electron configuration for Chromium (Cr):
Write the electron configuration for Chromium (Cr): Energy level Aufbau Principle Atomic orbital Quantum Hund s Rule Atomic number Electron Configuration Whole number Pauli Exlcusion Principle Quantum
More informationPC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy
PC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy Schedule: Week of September 5-9: Student presentations Week of September 19-23:Student experiments Learning goals: (1) Hands-on experience with setting up a spectrometer.
More informationChapter 9: Electrons in Atoms
General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications Petrucci Harwood Herring 8 th Edition Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4 Prentice-Hall 2002 Prentice-Hall
More informationAtoms, Electrons and Light MS. MOORE CHEMISTRY
Atoms, Electrons and Light MS. MOORE CHEMISTRY Atoms Remember Rutherford??? What did he discover with his gold foil experiment. A: Atoms contain a dense nucleus where the protons and neutrons reside. ATOMS
More informationChapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms What is the origin of color in matter? Demo: flame tests What does this have to do with the atom? Why are atomic properties periodic? 6.1 The Wave Nature of Light
More informationDuncan. Electrons, Energy, & the Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes Simplified, 2-D Bohr Model: Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3
Electrons, Energy, & the Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes Simplified, 2-D Bohr Model: Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Light Calculation Notes Here s how the type/form of EM radiation can be determined The amount
More informationMODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9
MODERN OPTICS P47 Optics: Unit 9 Course Outline Unit 1: Electromagnetic Waves Unit 2: Interaction with Matter Unit 3: Geometric Optics Unit 4: Superposition of Waves Unit 5: Polarization Unit 6: Interference
More informationChapter 13 Spectroscopy
hapter 13 Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry 13.1 Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation
More informationTeaching philosophy. learn it, know it! Learn it 5-times and you know it Read (& simple question) Lecture Problem set
Learn it 5-times and you know it Read (& simple question) Lecture Problem set Teaching philosophy Review/work-problems for Mid-term exam Review/re-work for Final exam Hand in homework every Monday (1 per
More information10/27/2017 [pgs ]
Objectives SWBAT explain the relationship between energy and frequency. SWBAT predict the behavior of and/or calculate quantum and photon energy from frequency. SWBAT explain how the quantization of energy
More informationRb, which had been compressed to a density of 1013
Modern Physics Study Questions for the Spring 2018 Departmental Exam December 3, 2017 1. An electron is initially at rest in a uniform electric field E in the negative y direction and a uniform magnetic
More information( ) x10 8 m. The energy in a mole of 400 nm photons is calculated by: ' & sec( ) ( & % ) 6.022x10 23 photons' E = h! = hc & 6.
Introduction to Spectroscopy Spectroscopic techniques are widely used to detect molecules, to measure the concentration of a species in solution, and to determine molecular structure. For proteins, most
More informationChapter 5. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. What is visible light? What is visible light? Which of the following would you consider dangerous?
Which of the following would you consider dangerous? X-rays Radio waves Gamma rays UV radiation Visible light Microwaves Infrared radiation Chapter 5 Periodicity and Atomic Structure 2 The Electromagnetic
More informationInteraction of Molecules with Radiation
3 Interaction of Molecules with Radiation Atoms and molecules can exist in many states that are different with respect to the electron configuration, angular momentum, parity, and energy. Transitions between
More informationParticle nature of light & Quantization
Particle nature of light & Quantization A quantity is quantized if its possible values are limited to a discrete set. An example from classical physics is the allowed frequencies of standing waves on a
More informationEinstein. Quantum Physics at a glance. Planck s Hypothesis (blackbody radiation) (ultraviolet catastrophe) Quantized Energy
Quantum Physics at a glance Quantum Physics deals with the study of light and particles at atomic and smaller levels. Planck s Hypothesis (blackbody radiation) (ultraviolet catastrophe) Quantized Energy
More informationUltraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry
Ultraviolet-Visible and Infrared Spectrophotometry Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451
More informationProperties of Light and Atomic Structure. Chapter 7. So Where are the Electrons? Electronic Structure of Atoms. The Wave Nature of Light!
Properties of Light and Atomic Structure Chapter 7 So Where are the Electrons? We know where the protons and neutrons are Nuclear structure of atoms (Chapter 2) The interaction of light and matter helps
More informationAnalytical Spectroscopy Review
Analytical Spectroscopy Review λ = wavelength ν = frequency V = velocity = ν x λ = 2.998 x 10 8 m/sec = c (in a vacuum) ν is determined by source and does not change as wave propogates, but V can change
More informationATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION 10/13/15 PROJECT DATE. Tuesday, October 13, 15
PROJECT DATE ATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION 10/13/15 Agenda Begin Topic 2.2 Electron Configuration Homework: Energy of waves calculations Due tomorrow! Yes - tomorrow Atomic Structure The nuclear
More informationPrinciples of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation and Molecular structure. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation and Molecular structure Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) !E = h" Electromagnetic radiation is absorbed when the energy of photon corresponds
More informationBecause light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency.
Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light
More informationWhat Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
More informationvan Quantum tot Molecuul
10 HC10: Molecular and vibrational spectroscopy van Quantum tot Molecuul Dr Juan Rojo VU Amsterdam and Nikhef Theory Group http://www.juanrojo.com/ j.rojo@vu.nl Molecular and Vibrational Spectroscopy Based
More informationDo Now: Bohr Diagram, Lewis Structures, Valence Electrons 1. What is the maximum number of electrons you can fit in each shell?
Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Do Now: Bohr Diagram, Lewis Structures, Valence Electrons 1. What is the maximum number of electrons you can fit in each shell? 1 st shell 2 nd shell 3 rd shell 4 th shell
More informationCHAPTER 13 Molecular Spectroscopy 2: Electronic Transitions
CHAPTER 13 Molecular Spectroscopy 2: Electronic Transitions I. General Features of Electronic spectroscopy. A. Visible and ultraviolet photons excite electronic state transitions. ε photon = 120 to 1200
More informationChemistry 304B, Spring 1999 Lecture 5 1. UV Spectroscopy:
Chemistry 304B, Spring 1999 Lecture 5 1 Ultraviolet spectroscopy; UV Spectroscopy: Infrared spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy General basis of spectroscopy: Shine light at a collection
More informationATOMIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRONS, AND PERIODICITY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRONS, AND PERIODICITY All matter is made of atoms. There are a limited number of types of atoms; these are the elements. (EU 1.A) Development of Atomic Theory Atoms are so small
More informationPhysics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
chemistry 1 of 38 Mechanical Model Neon advertising signs are formed from glass tubes bent in various shapes. An electric current passing through the gas in each glass tube makes the gas glow with its
More informationAtoms and Periodic Properties
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Unit 01 (Chp 6,7): Atoms and Periodic Properties John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College
More informationIntroduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer
Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer Temperature Dice Results Visible light, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), X-rays, γ-rays, microwaves, and radio are all forms of electromagnetic
More informationCHM2045 S13: Exam # MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHM2045 S13: Exam #1 2013.02.01 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What value of l is represented by a d orbital? A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D)
More informationAtomic Structure 11/21/2011
Atomic Structure Topics: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 7.2 Planck, Einstein, Energy, and Photons 7.3 Atomic Line Spectra and Niels Bohr 7.4 The Wave Properties of the Electron 7.5 Quantum Mechanical View
More informationLASERS. Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion)
L- LASERS Representative applications: Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion) Oscillators: Blasting: Energy States: Hydrogen atom Frequency/distance reference, local oscillators,
More informationASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section IV
ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section IV Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use
More informationChem 321 Lecture 18 - Spectrophotometry 10/31/13
Student Learning Objectives Chem 321 Lecture 18 - Spectrophotometry 10/31/13 In the lab you will use spectrophotometric techniques to determine the amount of iron, calcium and magnesium in unknowns. Although
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation. Physical Principles of Remote Sensing
Electromagnetic Radiation Physical Principles of Remote Sensing Outline for 4/3/2003 Properties of electromagnetic radiation The electromagnetic spectrum Spectral emissivity Radiant temperature vs. kinematic
More informationAP Chapter 6 Study Questions
Class: Date: AP Chapter 6 Study Questions True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The wavelength of radio waves can be longer than a football field. 2. Black body radiation is the
More informationIR Spectrography - Absorption. Raman Spectrography - Scattering. n 0 n M - Raman n 0 - Rayleigh
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Scattering Mid-IR and NIR require absorption of radiation from a ground level to an excited state, requires matching of radiation from source with difference in energy states. Raman
More informationLecture 6: Physical Methods II. UV Vis (electronic spectroscopy) Electron Spin Resonance Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Lecture 6: Physical Methods II UV Vis (electronic spectroscopy) Electron Spin Resonance Mossbauer Spectroscopy Physical Methods used in bioinorganic chemistry X ray crystallography X ray absorption (XAS)
More information5.3. Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
Chemistry 5-3 Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model Neon advertising signs are formed from glass tubes bent in various shapes. An electric current passing through the gas in each glass tube makes the
More informationElectronic Excitation by UV/Vis Spectroscopy :
SPECTROSCOPY Light interacting with matter as an analytical tool III Pharm.D Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis SRM College Of Pharmacy,Katankulathur Electronic Excitation by UV/Vis Spectroscopy : X-ray:
More informationAtomic Structure and Atomic Spectra
Atomic Structure and Atomic Spectra Atomic Structure: Hydrogenic Atom Reading: Atkins, Ch. 10 (7 판 Ch. 13) The principles of quantum mechanics internal structure of atoms 1. Hydrogenic atom: one electron
More informationSaturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atom
Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atom Jayash Panigrahi August 17, 2013 Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy has various application in laser cooling which have many relevant uses in
More information24 Introduction to Spectrochemical Methods
24 Introduction to Spectrochemical Methods Spectroscopic method: based on measurement of the electromagnetic radiation produced or absorbed by analytes. electromagnetic radiation: include γ-ray, X-ray,
More informationCHM Physical Chemistry II Chapter 12 - Supplementary Material. 1. Einstein A and B coefficients
CHM 3411 - Physical Chemistry II Chapter 12 - Supplementary Material 1. Einstein A and B coefficients Consider two singly degenerate states in an atom, molecule, or ion, with wavefunctions 1 (for the lower
More information1. The most important aspects of the quantum theory.
Lecture 5. Radiation and energy. Objectives: 1. The most important aspects of the quantum theory: atom, subatomic particles, atomic number, mass number, atomic mass, isotopes, simplified atomic diagrams,
More information