MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS LAMPS: A STUDY OF COLLISIONAL BROADENERS*
|
|
- Laureen Hoover
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS LAMPS: A STUDY OF COLLISIONAL BROADENERS* Kapil Rajaraman** and Mark J. Kushner*** **Department of Physics ***Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL rajaramn@uiuc.edu mjk@uiuc.edu May 2002 * Work supported by Osram Sylvania Inc., EPRI and the NSF
2 AGENDA Radiation transport in low pressure plasmas Overview of the Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model The Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Model Base case Variation of plasma parameters and trapping factors with buffer gas Importance of resonance broadening Conclusions ICOPS02_KAPIL_01
3 ELECTRODELESS LAMPS AND TRAPPING Electrodeless gas discharges are finding increasing use in the lighting industry due to their increased lifetime. Investigations are underway to increase the efficiency of these lamps, now 25%. Typical fluorescent lamps consist of Ar/Hg 97/3. Resonance radiation from Hg (6 3 P 1 ) (254 nm) and Hg (6 1 P 1 ) (185 nm) excites phosphors which generate visible light. This resonance radiation can be absorbed and reemitted many times prior to striking the phosphor, increasing the effective lifetime of emission as viewed from outside the lamp. Control of radiation trapping is therefore an important design consideration for these lamps. ICOPS02_KAPIL_02
4 MONTE CARLO METHODS FOR RADIATION TRANSPORT Historically, characterization of trapping has been done by using analytical solutions of the Holstein equation in simplistic geometries. However, Monte Carlo methods are desirable for complex geometries where it is difficult to evaluate propagator functions. We have developed a Monte Carlo radiation transport model (MCRTM) for the radiative transitions of mercury. The model incorporates the effects of Partial Frequency Redistribution (PFR) and quenching of excitation, using a Voigt profile for emission and absorption. However, one needs a self-consistent plasma model to account for evolution of gas densities, temperatures and other plasma parameters. To address this need, the MCRTM is interfaced with the Hybrid Plasma Equipment model (HPEM) to realistically model the gas discharge. ICOPS02_KAPIL_ 03
5 HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL A modular simulator addressing low temperature, low pressure plasmas. EMM: electromagnetic fields and magneto-static fields EETM: electron temperature, electron impact sources, and transport coefficients FKM: densities, momenta, and temperatures of charged and neutral plasma species; and electrostatic potentials ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MODULE (EMM) V, N E,B ELECTRON ENERGY TRANSPORT MODULE (EETM) S, Te, µ FLUID KINETICS MODULE (FKM) N, T, P, ki krad MONTE CARLO RADIATION TRANSPORT MODEL (MCRTM) ICOPS02_KAPIL_04
6 MONTE CARLO RADIATION TRANSPORT MODEL (MCRTM) Monte Carlo method is used to follow trajectories of photons from initial emission to escape from plasma. The absorption/emission lineshape function is a Voigt profile. MC photons are generated in proportion to the excited atom density at each point in the plasma. We define the trapping factor as k = τ res τ, nat where τ res is the average residence time of the photon in the plasma, and τ nat is the natural lifetime of the excited state. It can be seen that the trapping factor depends on the emitter density and absorber density profiles as well as parameters defining the Voigt profile (e.g. T gas, N broadeners ). ICOPS02_KAPIL_ 05
7 Rg + e Rg* + e Rg + e Rg + + 2e Rg* + e Rg + + 2e Rg* + e Rg + e Hg + e Hg* + e Hg + e Hg + + 2e Hg* + e Hg + e Rg* + Rg* Rg + + Rg + e Rg* + Hg Hg + + Rg + e Rg* + Hg* Hg + + Rg + e Rg + + Hg Hg + + Rg Rg + + Hg* Hg + + Rg Rg + + Rg Rg + Rg + Hg + + Hg Hg + Hg + Hg* + Hg* Hg + + Hg + e Rg* Rg + hν Hg* Hg + hν Ionization potentials: REACTION CHEMISTRY 6 1 P1 185 nm 1.33 ns Hg+ 6 3 P2 6 3 P1 6 3 P0 254 nm 125 ns 6 1 S0 He 24.5 ev Ne 21.5 ev Ar 15.7 ev Xe 12.0 ev ICOPS02_KAPIL_06
8 BASE CASE CONDITIONS Diameter 9 cm 8 Height 8 cm Initial pressure 500 mtorr Initial temperature 400 K Power 50 W Frequency 2.65 Mhz Initial rare gas mole fraction 0.98 Initial Hg mole fraction (ground state) 0.02 Height (cm) Reentrant cavity Outer wall Induction coil Ferrite core Only the 185 nm transition has been studied. ICOPS02_KAPIL_ Radius (cm)
9 ARGON The power is deposited near the antenna, leading to a maximum electron temperature near the coil, and an electron density in an annulus round the antenna. W cm -3 1 x Power density ICOPS02_KAPIL_08 1 x ev T e 5 x x cm -3 n e, [Hg+]
10 ARGON Cataphoresis and gas heating leads to a maximum of [Hg*] near the walls. cm -3 3 x x 10 8 [Ar+] cm -3 5 x x [Hg] 5 x x cm-3 [Hg*] ICOPS02_KAPIL_09
11 POWER DEPOSITION Due to the large momentum transfer cross-section of Xe, most of the power is deposited near the antenna. W cm -3 1 x Ne W cm-3 1 x Ar 1 x Xe W cm-3 ICOPS02_KAPIL_10
12 ELECTRON TEMPERATURE Xe and Ar are Ramsauer gases unlike Ne. Also, the excited state thresholds of the noble gases are different, leading to different degrees of ionization. ev Ne ICOPS02_KAPIL_11 1 x ev Ar ev Xe
13 ELECTRON DENSITY Due to the lower ionization potential for Xe (12.0 ev), the electron density is lowest for the Xe case. cm -3 1 x x Ne cm -3 9 x x Ar 3 x x cm -3 Xe ICOPS02_KAPIL_12
14 MERCURY ION DENSITY In the cases of Ne and Ar, [Hg+] maps n e, but the larger mass of Xe does not allow [Hg+] to move to the upper part of the lamp. cm -3 1 x x Ne cm-3 5 x x Ar 5 x x cm-3 Xe ICOPS02_KAPIL_13
15 MERCURY GROUND STATE DENSITY In the case of Xe, there is more depletion of Hg from the center of the column, because more power is deposited in that region. cm-3 8 x x Ne cm -3 5 x x Ar 1.5 x x cm -3 Xe ICOPS02_KAPIL_14
16 MERCURY EXCITED STATE DENSITY In cases of Ne and Xe, we do not see the peak in [Hg*] near the outer wall because of the smaller [Hg*] density in these cases. cm -3 4 x x Ne cm-3 5 x x Ar 1 x x cm-3 Xe ICOPS02_KAPIL_15
17 VOLUME AVERAGES The volume averages for some plasma parameters of the lamp are shown here Ar has the largest [Hg*] density as well as the largest [Hg*]/[Hg] ratio. ne (cm -3 ) He Ne Ar Xe [Hg*] (cm -3 ) [Hg*] / [Hg] He Ne Ar Xe 10-5 He Ne Ar Xe ICOPS02_KAPIL_16
18 TRAPPING FACTORS Even though the Xe case has a lower trapping factor, the lower emitter density in that case results in a lower radiative output. At higher pressures of 1 Torr, Ne as a buffer gas has a better radiative output as well as a lower trapping factor. However, almost all the light is emitted near the inside of the lamp, and may not be all that useful. 250 TRAPPING FACTOR Ne Ar Xe Intensity (arb. units) Ne Ar Xe PRESSURE (Torr) ν - ν 0 (GHz) ICOPS02_KAPIL_17
19 EFFECTS OF RESONANCE BROADENING The effects of Hg-Hg resonance broadening was investigated with Ar as the buffer gas, with a foreign gas broadening cross-section of cm 2. For Hg-Hg broadening cross section cm 2, resonance collisions were not found to make a significant effect on trapping. w/o collisions Intensity (arb. units) Intensity (arb. units) with collisions ν - ν 0 (GHz) Hg-Hg crosssection cm 2 Trapping factor w/o collisions 200 Trapping factor with collisions ν - ν 0 (GHz) Hg-Hg crosssection cm 2 Trapping factor w/o collisions 200 Trapping factor with collisions 160 ICOPS02_KAPIL_18
20 SUMMARY A self-consistent Monte Carlo radiation transport model has been developed which, in conjunction with a plasma equipment model, can be used to realistically model resonance radiation transport in a gas discharge, for complex geometries. Different buffer gases were investigated, and it is seen that xenon has the lowest trapping factor for pressures of interest to us. However, the emitter density profile places a restriction on the buffer gas which we can use. Ar is the most efficient buffer gas in terms of the number of emitters as well as the emitter-to-absorber ratio. Our results indicate that Ne may be a good choice as a buffer gas at pressures of 1 Torr or more. Finally, we see that for cross sections of relevance to us, resonance collisions do not play a significant role in determining exit spectra or trapping factors. ICOPS02_KAPIL_19
CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION TRAPPING ON ELECTRON ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOW PRESSURE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED Hg/Ar DISCHARGES*
CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION TRAPPING ON ELECTRON ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOW PRESSURE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED Hg/Ar DISCHARGES* Kapil Rajaraman**, Alex Vasenkov*** and Mark J. Kushner*** **Department of Physics
More informationA MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS GAS DISCHARGES HAVING COMPLEX GEOMETRIES*
A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF RADIATION TRAPPING IN ELECTRODELESS GAS DISCHARGES HAVING COMPLEX GEOMETRIES* Kapil Rajaraman** and Mark J. Kushner*** **Department of Physics ***Department of Electrical and
More informationA Monte Carlo simulation of radiation trapping in electrodeless gas discharge lamps
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37 (2004) 1780 1791 PII: S0022-3727(04)72696-0 A Monte Carlo simulation of radiation trapping in electrodeless
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PLASMA UNIFORMITY USING HOLLOW-CATHODE STRUCTURE IN RF DISCHARGES*
51th Gaseous Electronics Conference & 4th International Conference on Reactive Plasmas Maui, Hawai i 19-23 October 1998 OPTIMIZATION OF PLASMA UNIFORMITY USING HOLLOW-CATHODE STRUCTURE IN RF DISCHARGES*
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL
INTRODUCTION TO THE HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL Prof. Mark J. Kushner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 1406 W. Green St. Urbana, IL 61801 217-144-5137 mjk@uiuc.edu http://uigelz.ece.uiuc.edu
More informationMODELING OF AN ECR SOURCE FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING USING A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL. Ron L. Kinder and Mark J.
TECHCON 98 Las Vegas, Nevada September 9-11, 1998 MODELING OF AN ECR SOURCE FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING USING A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL Ron L. Kinder and Mark J. Kushner Department of
More informationSIMULATIONS OF ECR PROCESSING SYSTEMS SUSTAINED BY AZIMUTHAL MICROWAVE TE(0,n) MODES*
25th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science Raleigh, North Carolina June 1-4, 1998 SIMULATIONS OF ECR PROCESSING SYSTEMS SUSTAINED BY AZIMUTHAL MICROWAVE TE(,n) MODES* Ron L. Kinder and Mark J.
More informationRADIATION TRANSPORT IN LOW PRESSURE PLASMAS: LIGHTING AND SEMICONDUCTOR ETCHING PLASMAS KAPIL RAJARAMAN
RADIATION TRANSPORT IN LOW PRESSURE PLASMAS: LIGHTING AND SEMICONDUCTOR ETCHING PLASMAS BY KAPIL RAJARAMAN B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, 1999 M.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
More informationSIMULATION OF POROUS LOW-k DIELECTRIC SEALING BY COMBINED He AND NH 3 PLASMA TREATMENT *
SIMULATION OF POROUS LOW-k DIELECTRIC SEALING BY COMBINED He AND NH 3 PLASMA TREATMENT * JULINE_ICOPS09_01 Juline Shoeb a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa
More informationSPUTTER-WIND HEATING IN IONIZED METAL PVD+
SPUTTER-WIND HEATING IN IONIZED METAL PVD+ Junqing Lu* and Mark Kushner** *Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering **Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois
More informationINVESTIGATION of Si and SiO 2 ETCH MECHANISMS USING an INTEGRATED SURFACE KINETICS MODEL
46 th AVS International Symposium Oct. 25-29, 1999 Seattle, WA INVESTIGATION of Si and SiO 2 ETCH MECHANISMS USING an INTEGRATED SURFACE KINETICS MODEL Da Zhang* and Mark J. Kushner** *Department of Materials
More informationTheory of Gas Discharge
Boris M. Smirnov Theory of Gas Discharge Plasma l Springer Contents 1 Introduction 1 Part I Processes in Gas Discharge Plasma 2 Properties of Gas Discharge Plasma 13 2.1 Equilibria and Distributions of
More informationANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOW-PRESSURE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMAS 1
ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LOW-PRESSURE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMAS 1 Alex V. Vasenkov 2, and Mark J. Kushner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL
More informationSCALING OF HOLLOW CATHODE MAGNETRONS FOR METAL DEPOSITION a)
SCALING OF HOLLOW CATHODE MAGNETRONS FOR METAL DEPOSITION a) Gabriel Font b) Novellus Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA, 95134 USA and Mark J. Kushner Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL,
More informationSCALING OF PLASMA SOURCES FOR O 2 ( 1 ) GENERATION FOR CHEMICAL OXYGEN-IODINE LASERS
SCALING OF PLASMA SOURCES FOR O 2 ( 1 ) GENERATION FOR CHEMICAL OXYGEN-IODINE LASERS D. Shane Stafford and Mark J. Kushner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL 61801 http://uigelz.ece.uiuc.edu
More informationMODELING OF SEASONING OF REACTORS: EFFECTS OF ION ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS TO CHAMBER WALLS*
MODELING OF SEASONING OF REACTORS: EFFECTS OF ION ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS TO CHAMBER WALLS* Ankur Agarwal a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois,
More informationA KINETIC MODEL FOR EXCIMER UV AND VUV RADIATION IN DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES*
A KINETIC MODEL FOR EXCIMER UV AND VUV RADIATION IN DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES* Xudong Peter Xu and Mark J. Kushner University of Illinois Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL
More informationCollisional radiative model
Lenka Dosoudilová Lenka Dosoudilová 1 / 14 Motivation Equations Approximative models Emission coefficient Particles J ij = 1 4π n j A ij hν ij, atoms in ground state atoms in excited states resonance metastable
More informationPARTICLE CONTROL AT 100 nm NODE STATUS WORKSHOP: PARTICLES IN PLASMAS
PARTICLE CONTROL AT 100 nm NODE STATUS WORKSHOP: PARTICLES IN PLASMAS Mark J. Kushner University of Illinois Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL 61801 mjk@uiuc.edu December 1998
More informationDEPOSITION AND COMPOSITION OF POLYMER FILMS IN FLUOROCARBON PLASMAS*
DEPOSITION AND COMPOSITION OF POLYMER FILMS IN FLUOROCARBON PLASMAS* Kapil Rajaraman and Mark J. Kushner 1406 W. Green St. Urbana, IL 61801 rajaramn@uiuc.edu mjk@uiuc.edu http://uigelz.ece.uiuc.edu November
More informationEffect of sputter heating in ionized metal physical vapor deposition reactors
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 87, NUMBER 10 15 MAY 2000 Effect of sputter heating in ionized metal physical vapor deposition reactors Junqing Lu a) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
More informationAtomic and Nuclear Physics Review (& other related physics questions)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics Review (& other related physics questions) 1. The minimum electron speed necessary to ionize xenon atoms is A. 2.66 10 31 m/s B. 5.15 10 15 m/s C. 4.25 10 12 m/s D. 2.06 10 6
More informationElectron temperature is the temperature that describes, through Maxwell's law, the kinetic energy distribution of the free electrons.
10.3.1.1 Excitation and radiation of spectra 10.3.1.1.1 Plasmas A plasma of the type occurring in spectrochemical radiation sources may be described as a gas which is at least partly ionized and contains
More informationA3D Hybrid Model of ahelicon Source +
A3D Hybrid Model of ahelicon Source + Eric R. Keiter* and Mark J. Kushner** Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 146 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 6181 USA Http://uigelz.ece.uiuc.edu 1st Gaseous
More informationLight Emission.
Light Emission www.physics.sfasu.edu/friedfeld/ch29lec.ppt Radio waves are produced by electrons moving up and down an antenna. Visible light is produced by electrons changing energy states in an atom.
More informationEFFECT OF REACTOR GEOMETRY ON ION ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR PULSED PLASMA DOPING (P 2 LAD)*
EFFECT OF REACTOR GEOMETRY ON ION ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR PULSED PLASMA DOPING (P 2 LAD)* Ankur Agarwal a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois
More informationPlasma Modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics
Plasma Modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics Copyright 2014 COMSOL. Any of the images, text, and equations here may be copied and modified for your own internal use. All trademarks are the property of their
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES SPECTRA PRODUCED BY DISCHARGE TUBES CATHODE RAYS (electron beams) Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum
More informationLecture 10. Lidar Effective Cross-Section vs. Convolution
Lecture 10. Lidar Effective Cross-Section vs. Convolution q Introduction q Convolution in Lineshape Determination -- Voigt Lineshape (Lorentzian Gaussian) q Effective Cross Section for Single Isotope --
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 17. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 17 Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectrometry From molecular to elemental analysis there are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry
More informationRF/Microwave Discharge Plasma for Mercury-Free Lighting
J-STAGE Advanced published date: September 19, 2014, Paper RF/Microwave Discharge Plasma for Mercury-Free Lighting Ahmad Nazri DAGANG*, **, Hideki MOTOMURA** and Masafumi JINNO** * ** ABSTRACT This research
More informationLaser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful
Main Requirements of the Laser Optical Resonator Cavity Laser Gain Medium of 2, 3 or 4 level types in the Cavity Sufficient means of Excitation (called pumping) eg. light, current, chemical reaction Population
More informationFundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and
More informationMICRODISCHARGES AS SOURCES OF PHOTONS, RADICALS AND THRUST*
MICRODISCHARGES AS SOURCES OF PHOTONS, RADICALS AND THRUST* Ramesh Arakoni a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Dept. Aerospace Engineering b) Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Urbana, IL 61801 USA mjk@uiuc.edu
More informationPIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma
PIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma Kallol Bera a, Shahid Rauf a and Ken Collins a a Applied Materials, Inc. 974 E. Arques Ave., M/S 81517, Sunnyvale, CA 9485, USA
More informationA fluorescent tube is filled with mercury vapour at low pressure. After mercury atoms have been excited they emit photons.
Q1.(a) A fluorescent tube is filled with mercury vapour at low pressure. After mercury atoms have been excited they emit photons. In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum are these photons? What is
More informationPIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma
PIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma Kallol Bera a, Shahid Rauf a and Ken Collins a a Applied Materials, Inc. 974 E. Arques Ave., M/S 81517, Sunnyvale, CA 9485, USA
More informationAddition of Opacities and Absorption
Addition of Opacities and Absorption If the only way photons could interact was via simple scattering, there would be no blackbodies. We ll go into that in much more detail in the next lecture, but the
More informationChapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry
Chapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry Read: pp. 215 228 Problems: 2,4,5,6,9 Why choose atomic spectrometry? Three major types of spectrometric methods for identifying elements present in matter:
More informationUV multi-element light sources for different applications
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2014, *, ** Published Online **** 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jamp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.***** UV multi-element light sources
More informationAngular anisotropy of electron energy distributions in inductively coupled plasmas
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 94, NUMBER 9 1 NOVEMBER 2003 Angular anisotropy of electron energy distributions in inductively coupled plasmas Alex V. Vasenkov a) and Mark J. Kushner b) Department of
More informationChapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter
Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter 1 Content of the chapter Introduction Interaction processes Interaction cross sections Moderation and neutrons path For more details see «Physique des Réacteurs
More informationhigh temp ( K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy
high temp (2000-6000K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy 20-1. An Overview Most compounds Atoms in gas phase high temp (2000-6000K) (AES) (AAS) (AFS) sample Mass-to-charge (ICP-MS) Atomic Absorption experiment
More informationStellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter
Stellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter The Photoelectric Effect Methods of electron emission Thermionic emission: Application of heat allows electrons to gain enough energy to escape
More informationhf = E 1 - E 2 hc = E 1 - E 2 λ FXA 2008 Candidates should be able to : EMISSION LINE SPECTRA
1 Candidates should be able to : EMISSION LINE SPECTRA Explain how spectral lines are evidence for the existence of discrete energy levels in isolated atoms (i.e. in a gas discharge lamp). Describe the
More informationLasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240
Lasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240 John D. Williams, Ph.D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 406 Optics Building - UAHuntsville,
More informationEffect of Gas Flow Rate and Gas Composition in Ar/CH 4 Inductively Coupled Plasmas
COMSOL CONFERENCE BOSTON 2011 Effect of Gas Flow Rate and Gas Composition in Ar/CH 4 Inductively Coupled Plasmas Keisoku Engineering System Co., Ltd., JAPAN Dr. Lizhu Tong October 14, 2011 1 Contents 1.
More informationDiffusion during Plasma Formation
Chapter 6 Diffusion during Plasma Formation Interesting processes occur in the plasma formation stage of the Basil discharge. This early stage has particular interest because the highest plasma densities
More informationInelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation
Inelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation What happens to the emission (or fluorescence) when the energy of the exciting photons changes? The emission spectra (can) change. One
More informationPlasma abatement of perfluorocompounds in inductively coupled plasma reactors
Plasma abatement of perfluorocompounds in inductively coupled plasma reactors Xudong Peter Xu, a) Shahid Rauf, b) and Mark J. Kushner c) University of Illinois, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
More informationMolecular spectroscopy
Molecular spectroscopy Origin of spectral lines = absorption, emission and scattering of a photon when the energy of a molecule changes: rad( ) M M * rad( ' ) ' v' 0 0 absorption( ) emission ( ) scattering
More informationTHE NATURE OF THE ATOM. alpha particle source
chapter THE NATURE OF THE ATOM www.tutor-homework.com (for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes) Section 30.1 Rutherford Scattering and the Nuclear Atom 1. Which model of atomic structure
More informationTheory of optically thin emission line spectroscopy
Theory of optically thin emission line spectroscopy 1 Important definitions In general the spectrum of a source consists of a continuum and several line components. Processes which give raise to the continuous
More informationTerms to Know. 10.Angular quantum number 11.Magnetic quantum number 12.Spin quantum number
Terms to Know 1. Photon 2. Atomic emission spectrum 3. Ground state 4. Atomic orbital 5. Aufbau principle 6. Pauli exclusion principle 7. Hunds rule 8. Electron configuration 9. Principle quantum number
More informationLaser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford
Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1
More informationNumerical simulation of Vibrationally Active Ar-H2 Microwave Plasma
Numerical simulation of Vibrationally Active Ar-H2 Microwave Plasma F. Bosi 1, M. Magarotto 2, P. de Carlo 2, M. Manente 2, F. Trezzolani 2, D. Pavarin 2, D. Melazzi 2, P. Alotto 1, R. Bertani 1 1 Department
More informationPH300 Spring Homework 06
PH300 Spring 2011 Homework 06 Total Points: 30 1. (1 Point) Each week you should review both your answers and the solutions for the previous week's homework to make sure that you understand all the questions
More informationATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates
More information8. Which of the following could be an isotope of chlorine? (A) 37 Cl 17 (B) 17 Cl 17 (C) 37 Cl 17 (D) 17 Cl 37.5 (E) 17 Cl 37
Electronic Structure Worksheet 1 Given the following list of atomic and ionic species, find the appropriate match for questions 1-4. (A) Fe 2+ (B) Cl (C) K + (D) Cs (E) Hg + 1. Has the electron configuration:
More informationMulti-fluid Simulation Models for Inductively Coupled Plasma Sources
Multi-fluid Simulation Models for Inductively Coupled Plasma Sources Madhusudhan Kundrapu, Seth A. Veitzer, Peter H. Stoltz, Kristian R.C. Beckwith Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, CO, USA and Jonathan Smith
More informationExplain how Planck resolved the ultraviolet catastrophe in blackbody radiation. Calculate energy of quanta using Planck s equation.
Objectives Explain how Planck resolved the ultraviolet catastrophe in blackbody radiation. Calculate energy of quanta using Planck s equation. Solve problems involving maximum kinetic energy, work function,
More informationA.P. Chemistry Practice Test - Ch. 7, Atomic Structure and Periodicity
A.P. Chemistry Practice Test - Ch. 7, Atomic Structure and Periodicity 1) Ham radio operators often broadcast on the 6-meter band. The frequency of this electromagnetic radiation is MHz. A) 50 B) 20 C)
More informationModel Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)
More informationMONOCHROMATIZATION AND POLARIZATION OF THE NEON SPECTRAL LINES IN CONSTANT/VARIABLE MAGNETIC FIELD
Romanian Reports in Physics 69, 49 (217) MONOCHROMATIZATION AND POLARIZATION OF THE NEON SPECTRAL LINES IN CONSTANT/VARIABLE MAGNETIC FIELD I. GRUIA, L.C. CIOBOTARU* University of Bucharest, Faculty of
More informationOptogalvanic spectroscopy of the Zeeman effect in xenon
Optogalvanic spectroscopy of the Zeeman effect in xenon Timothy B. Smith, Bailo B. Ngom, and Alec D. Gallimore ICOPS-2006 10:45, 5 Jun 06 Executive summary What are we reporting? Xe I optogalvanic spectra
More informationSmall Signal Gain in DPAL Systems
Physical Sciences Inc. VG11-010 Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney, Daniel L. Maser, William J. Kessler, Wilson T. Rawlins, and Steven J. Davis 20 New England Business Center
More informationEFFECT OF PRESSURE AND ELECTRODE SEPARATION ON PLASMA UNIFORMITY IN DUAL FREQUENCY CAPACITIVELY COUPLED PLASMA TOOLS *
EFFECT OF PRESSURE AND ELECTRODE SEPARATION ON PLASMA UNIFORMITY IN DUAL FREQUENCY CAPACITIVELY COUPLED PLASMA TOOLS * Yang Yang a) and Mark J. Kushner b) a) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
More informationTHE EDUCARE (SIROHI CLASSES) TEST SERIES 2018
THE EDUCARE (SIROHI CLASSES) TEST SERIES 2018 XII PHYSICS TEST MODERN PHYSICS NAME-... DATE-.. MM- 25 TIME-1 HR 1) Write one equation representing nuclear fusion reaction. (1) 2) Arrange radioactive radiations
More information1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS
1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS 1. Introduction Types of electron emission, Dunnington s method, different types of spectra, Fraunhoffer
More informationUnit-2 LASER. Syllabus: Properties of lasers, types of lasers, derivation of Einstein A & B Coefficients, Working He-Ne and Ruby lasers.
Unit-2 LASER Syllabus: Properties of lasers, types of lasers, derivation of Einstein A & B Coefficients, Working He-Ne and Ruby lasers. Page 1 LASER: The word LASER is acronym for light amplification by
More informationLaserphysik. Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu. Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik
Laserphysik Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de; yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de Office: Heisenbergbau V 202, Unterpörlitzer Straße
More informationTwo-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulation of a Micro RF Ion Thruster
Two-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulation of a Micro RF Ion Thruster IEPC--7 Presented at the nd International Electric Propulsion Conference, Wiesbaden Germany September 5, Yoshinori Takao, Koji Eriguchi,
More informationOptical Atomic Spectroscopy
Optical Atomic Spectroscopy Methods to measure conentrations of primarily metallic elements at < ppm levels with high selectivity! Two main optical methodologies- -Atomic Absorption--need ground state
More informationThe Electronic Structures of Atoms Electromagnetic Radiation The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation has the symbol λ.
CHAPTER 7 Atomic Structure Chapter 8 Atomic Electron Configurations and Periodicity 1 The Electronic Structures of Atoms Electromagnetic Radiation The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation has the symbol
More informationGeneral Considerations 1
General Considerations 1 Absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation results in a permanent energy transfer from the emitting object or to the absorbing medium. This permanent energy transfer can
More informationLaser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
More information2101 Atomic Spectroscopy
2101 Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic identification Atomic spectroscopy refers to the absorption and emission of ultraviolet to visible light by atoms and monoatomic ions. It is best used to analyze metals.
More informationGeneric Detector. Layers of Detector Systems around Collision Point
Generic Detector Layers of Detector Systems around Collision Point Tracking Detectors Observe particle trajectories in space with as little disturbance as possible 2 use a thin ( gm. cm ) detector Scintillators
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
Q1. When a clean metal surface in a vacuum is irradiated with ultraviolet radiation of a certain frequency, electrons are emitted from the metal. (a) Explain why the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons
More informationLasers E 6 E 4 E 3 E 2 E 1
Lasers Laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Here the process of stimulated emission is used to amplify light radiation. Spontaneous emission: When energy is
More information1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Physics (A-level)
1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Physics (A-level) Electromagnetic induction (Chapter 23): For a straight wire, the induced current or e.m.f. depends on: The magnitude of the magnetic
More informationOptical Gain and Multi-Quantum Excitation in Optically Pumped Alkali Atom Rare Gas Mixtures
Physical Sciences Inc. Optical Gain and Multi-Quantum Excitation in Optically Pumped Alkali Atom Rare Gas Mixtures Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney, Wilson T. Rawlins, and Steven J. Davis 20 New England Business
More informationConsequences of asymmetric pumping in low pressure plasma processing reactors: A three-dimensional modeling study
Consequences of asymmetric pumping in low pressure plasma processing reactors: A three-dimensional modeling study Mark J. Kushner a) University of Illinois, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
More informationDiscovered by German scientist Johann Hittorf in 1869 and in 1876 named by Eugen Goldstein.
DO PHYSICS ONLINE CATHODE RAYS CATHODE RAYS (electron beams) Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum tubes - evacuated glass tubes that are equipped with at least two metal
More informationElectron Transport Behavior in a Mirror Magnetic Field and a Non-uniform Electric Field
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 35 (2001) pp. 207 212 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 35, No. 2, February 15, 2001 Electron Transport Behavior in a Mirror Magnetic Field and a Non-uniform
More informationCharacteristics and classification of plasmas
Characteristics and classification of plasmas PlasTEP trainings course and Summer school 2011 Warsaw/Szczecin Indrek Jõgi, University of Tartu Partfinanced by the European Union (European Regional Development
More informationPIC-MCC simulations for complex plasmas
GRADUATE SUMMER INSTITUTE "Complex Plasmas August 4, 008 PIC-MCC simulations for complex plasmas Irina Schweigert Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk Outline GRADUATE SUMMER
More informationCHAPTER 27. Continuum Emission Mechanisms
CHAPTER 27 Continuum Emission Mechanisms Continuum radiation is any radiation that forms a continuous spectrum and is not restricted to a narrow frequency range. In what follows we briefly describe five
More informationProblems with the Wave Theory of Light (Photoelectric Effect)
CHEM101 NOTES Properties of Light Found that the wave theory could not work for some experiments e.g. the photovoltaic effect This is because the classic EM view of light could not account for some of
More informationPhotoionized Gas Ionization Equilibrium
Photoionized Gas Ionization Equilibrium Ionization Recombination H nebulae - case A and B Strömgren spheres H + He nebulae Heavy elements, dielectronic recombination Ionization structure 1 Ionization Equilibrium
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopic methods
Introduction to Spectroscopic methods Spectroscopy: Study of interaction between light* and matter. Spectrometry: Implies a quantitative measurement of intensity. * More generally speaking electromagnetic
More informationCHM2045 S13: Exam # MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHM2045 S13: Exam #1 2013.02.01 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What value of l is represented by a d orbital? A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D)
More informationLaser Dissociation of Protonated PAHs
100 Chapter 5 Laser Dissociation of Protonated PAHs 5.1 Experiments The photodissociation experiments were performed with protonated PAHs using different laser sources. The calculations from Chapter 3
More information08 - Miscellaneous and historical detectors
08 - Miscellaneous and historical detectors Jaroslav Adam Czech Technical University in Prague Version 2 Jaroslav Adam (CTU, Prague) DPD_08, Miscellaneous and historical detectors Version 2 1 / 25 Streamer
More informationAtoms, Electrons and Light MS. MOORE CHEMISTRY
Atoms, Electrons and Light MS. MOORE CHEMISTRY Atoms Remember Rutherford??? What did he discover with his gold foil experiment. A: Atoms contain a dense nucleus where the protons and neutrons reside. ATOMS
More informationProportional Counters
Proportional Counters 3 1 Introduction 3 2 Before we can look at individual radiation processes, we need to understand how the radiation is detected: Non-imaging detectors Detectors capable of detecting
More informationChapter 5. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. What is visible light? What is visible light? Which of the following would you consider dangerous?
Which of the following would you consider dangerous? X-rays Radio waves Gamma rays UV radiation Visible light Microwaves Infrared radiation Chapter 5 Periodicity and Atomic Structure 2 The Electromagnetic
More informationA time dependent propagator method for long mean free path transport of neutral particles in plasma processing reactors
A time dependent propagator method for long mean free path transport of neutral particles in plasma processing reactors Wen-yi Tan, Robert J. Hoekstra, and Mark J. Kushner a) Department of Electrical and
More informationChemistry (
Question 2.1: (i) Calculate the number of electrons which will together weigh one gram. (ii) Calculate the mass and charge of one mole of electrons. Answer 2.1: (i) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 10 31
More informationQuantum physics practice question answers
Quantum physics practice question answers 1. How electron gun creates beam of electrons Any four from: 1. hot filament (1) 2. thermionic emission / electrons have enough energy to leave (1) 3. anode and
More information