The Potential Use of X-ray FELs in Nuclear Studies
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1 1 The Potential Use of X-ray FELs in Nuclear Studies Wen-Te Liao Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg, Germany 29 August FEL2013
2 R. L. M össbauer, Zeitschrift Physik A 151, 124 (1958). 2 Mössbauer effect (1958) R. Mössbauer recoil-free solid -Ray solid e g Nuclear Transition
3 R. L. M össbauer, Zeitschrift Physik A 151, 124 (1958). 3 Mössbauer effect (1958) R. Mössbauer recoil-free -Ray Can we do quantum solid control in nuclear systems? solid e g Nuclear Transition What we can do with XFEL?
4 4 Two Examples Iron Cage for X-Ray Photon 57 Fe nuclei and X-Rays W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, (2012) Nuclear STIRAP many species of nuclei and XFEL W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013).
5 5 Iron Cage for X-Ray Photons W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, (2012)
6 6 Quantum Photonic Circuit A. Peruzzo, et. al., Nature Comms. 2, 224 (2011) Credit: Intel official website
7 7 Quantum Photonic Circuit Sounds cool, but how about Moore s Law? A. Peruzzo, et. al., Nature Comms. 2, 224 (2011) Credit: Intel official website
8 Trouble of Shrinking 8
9 9 Trouble of Shrinking Diffraction Limit!
10 10 Trouble of Shrinking Diffraction Limit!
11 11 Trouble of Shrinking Diffraction Limit!
12 Single Atom Memory 12
13 13 Control of single x-ray photon Degree of freedom: (1)Polarization (2)Phase (3)Amplitude & (4)Coherent Storage Credit: Molecular Expressions website
14 57 Fe Nucleus 14
15 57 Fe Nucleus 15
16 16 57 Fe Nucleus 57 Fe nucleus 14.4 kev
17 Nuclear Forward Scattering Time Spectrum 17 B-field Target Detector chain of x-ray pulses R. Röhlsberger, Book, Springer-Verlag (2004)
18 Nuclear Forward Scattering Time Spectrum 18 B-field Target Detector chain of x-ray pulses Single Photon R. Röhlsberger, Book, Springer-Verlag (2004)
19 Nuclear Forward Scattering Time Spectrum After an arbitrary delay time. B-field 19 Target Detector chain of x-ray pulses Single Photon R. Röhlsberger, Book, Springer-Verlag (2004)
20 Time Spectrum without Hyperfine field 20 2 Detector Count U. van Brück, Hyperfine Interact. 123, 483 (1999)
21 Time Spectrum with Hyperfine field beat B-field Count Detector U. van Brück, Hyperfine Interact. 123, 483 (1999) Delay Time (ns)
22 Maxwell-Bloch equations 22 Transition Currents 57 Fe nucleus 14.4 kev W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
23 Solution J1: Bessel function of 1 st kind : Spontaneous Decay Rate : Resonant Thickness M. D. Crisp, PRA. 1, 1604 (1970) Yu. Shvyd ko, et. al, PRB. 59, 9132 (1999) W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
24 M. D. Crisp, PRA. 1, 1604 (1970) Yu. Shvyd ko, et. al, PRB. 59, 9132 (1999) Why Beating?
25 M. D. Crisp, PRA. 1, 1604 (1970) Yu. Shvyd ko, et. al, PRB. 59, 9132 (1999) Why Beating?
26 Im[Current] Interference 57 Fe i e B t i e B t Re[Current]
27 Interference Im[Current] i e B t 57 Fe i e B t i e B t Re[Current] i e B t
28 Im[Current] Interference Re[Current]
29 Im[Current] Interference Re[Current]
30 Im[Current] Interference Re[Current]
31 Im[Current] Interference Re[Current]
32 Im[Current] Interference Re[Current]
33 Coherent Storage-How?
34 Coherent Storage-How?
35 Coherent Storage-How? Im[Current] Re[Current]
36 Coherent Storage-How? Im[Current] Re[Current]
37 Coherent Storage-How? Im[Current] Re[Current]
38 Coherent Storage-How? H B H I H B 0 H B B X-Ray (1) (2) (3) Time T o T off T on
39 41 Coherent Storage Phase and Polarization are Conserved! Im[Current] Re[Current] W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
40 42 Phase Modulation B-field B-field? W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) B-field?
41 43 B-field Phase Modulation Phase is Conserved! B-field W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) Yu. Shvyd ko, et. al, PRB. 52, R711 (1995)
42 44 B-field Phase Modulation Phase is modulated by time reversal! Phase is Conserved! B-field W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) Yu. Shvyd ko, et. al, PRB. 52, R711 (1995)
43 How to Measure the Phase? X-Ray (1) (2) (3) (4) Detector Target 1 Target 2 W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) G. V. Smirnov, et. al., PRA. 71, (2005) G. V. Smirnov, et. al., PRL. 77, 183 (1996) R. Röhlsberger, Book, Springer-Verlag (2004)
44 How to Measure the Phase? X-Ray (2) (3) Detector Target 1 Target 2 W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) Constructive Interference
45 How to Measure the Phase? Target 1 X-Ray (2) (3) i e Detector W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012) Target 2 Destructive Interference
46 How to Measure the Phase? (1) (2) (3) X-Ray (4) Target 1 Target 2 Detector We do the storage in Target 1 W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
47 How to Measure the Phase? (1) (2) (3) X-Ray (4) Target 1 i e Target 2 Detector W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
48 How to Measure the Phase? Target 1 (1) Suppression i (2) e (3) X-Ray (4) means we did it! Target 2 Detector W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
49 How to Measure the Phase? (1) (2) (3) X-Ray (4) e i e i Target 1 Target 2 Detector W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
50 How to Measure the Phase? (1) (2) (3) X-Ray (4) Echo means we i i e e did it again! Target 1 Target 2 Detector W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, PRL 109, (2012)
51 53 Nuclear STIRAP W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013).
52 STIRAP stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) 3 delay Pump p S Stokes 54 p S 2 1 K. Bergmann, H. Theuer and B. W. Shore, RMP. 70, 1003 (1998).
53 STIRAP stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) 3 delay Pump p S Stokes 55 p S 2 1 p S K. Bergmann, H. Theuer and B. W. Shore, RMP. 70, 1003 (1998).
54 STIRAP stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) 3 delay Pump p S Stokes 56 p S 2 1 p S K. Bergmann, H. Theuer and B. W. Shore, RMP. 70, 1003 (1998).
55 57 Motivation-Isomer Triggering 97 Tc triggering level kev 3 isomer state kev Lifetime = 91 days pump 1 Stokes kev 0 0 kev Nuclear Coherent Population Transfer (NCPT)
56 58 Motivation-Isomer Triggering 97 Tc triggering level kev 3 isomer state kev Lifetime = 91 days pump 1 Stokes kev 0 0 kev Nuclear Coherent Population Transfer (NCPT)
57 59 Motivation-Isomer Triggering 97 Tc triggering level kev 3 isomer state kev Lifetime = 91 days pump 1 Stokes kev 0 0 kev Nuclear Coherent Population Transfer (NCPT)
58 Drive MeV transition with 10keV photon 60 > MeV Photon energy ~10 kev ~100 kev ~10 kev XFEL 0 Nuclear states T. Tajima, Report on the ELI Science, p.14 (2009). T. J. Bürvenich, J. Evers and C. H. Keitel, PRL 96, (2006). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011).
59 Drive MeV transition with 10keV photon 61 > MeV Photon energy ~10 kev ~100 kev ~10 kev XFEL 0 Nuclear states T. Tajima, Report on the ELI Science, p.14 (2009). T. J. Bürvenich, J. Evers and C. H. Keitel, PRL 96, (2006). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011).
60 Drive MeV transition with 10keV photon 62 > MeV Photon energy ~10 kev Blue shift ~100 kev ~10 kev XFEL 0 Nuclear states T. Tajima, Report on the ELI Science, p.14 (2009). T. J. Bürvenich, J. Evers and C. H. Keitel, PRL 96, (2006). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011).
61 Drive MeV transition with 10keV photon 63 > MeV Photon energy ~10 kev Blue shift ~100 kev ~10 kev XFEL 0 Nuclear states T. Tajima, Report on the ELI Science, p.14 (2009). T. J. Bürvenich, J. Evers and C. H. Keitel, PRL 96, (2006). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011).
62 Drive MeV transition with 10keV photon 64 > MeV Photon energy ~10 kev Blue shift ~100 kev XFEL Nuclear states ~10 kev 0 T. Tajima, Report on the ELI Science, p.14 (2009). T. J. Bürvenich, J. Evers and C. H. Keitel, PRL 96, (2006). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011).
63 65 Three beams Setup P S Nuclear beam W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013).
64 66 Three beams Setup P S Nuclear beam W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013).
65 Results 67 Increased < < 72 Fully coherent XFEL: Photon energy = 12.4 kev Bandwidth = 10 mev W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Lett. B 705, 134 (2011). W.-T. Liao, A. Pálffy, C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013). I I p S I I p S
66 68 Summary 1. Iron memory for x-ray photons. 2. mechanics-free method of changing x-ray phase. 3. NCPT can be observed with XFEL peak intensity > W / cm 2.
67 Acknowledgement 69 Prof. Christoph H. Keitel MPIK, Heidelberg Dr. Adriana Pálffy MPIK, Heidelberg Dr. Ralf Röhlsberger DESY, Hamburg
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