Precision tests of fundamental interactions and their symmetries with cooled and stored exotic ions

Transcription

1 Table-Top Experiments, Workshop at MIT 2017 Precision tests of fundamental interactions and their symmetries with cooled and stored exotic ions Precision atomic/nuclear masses The (anti)proton charge-to-mass ratio g-factors of bound electrons and m e Klaus Blaum Aug 10 th, 2017

2 Atomic and nuclear masses Masses determine the atomic and nuclear binding energies reflecting all forces in the atom/nucleus. = N + Z + Z binding energy m Atom = N m neutron + Z m proton + Z m electron - (B atom + B nucleus )/c 2 δm/m < δm/m =

3 Storage of ions in a Penning trap B Ion q/m ion U Charge q Mass m ion The free cyclotron frequency is inverse proportional to the mass of the ion! ω c = qb / mion Invariance theorem: ω c 2 = ω +2 +ω -2 +ω z 2 ω c = ω + + ω - L.S. Brown, G. Gabrielse, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233 (1986).

4 Detection techniques Destructive time-of-flight detection 7 T 0 δm/m 10-9 Non-destructive induced image current detection δm/m K Signal amplitude Signal amplitude hot ion cold ion Ion in thermal equilibrium with the tank circuit at 4K Frequency Frequency

5 BASE: A Penning-trap setup at CERN A balance for protons and antiprotons.

6 Masses I Test of the unitarity of the quark-mixing matrix Weak Interaction Radioactive decay Strong Interaction Binding between quarks within hadrons 1 0 n 1 1 p + e + ν e

7 Corrected value: Superallowed β-decays Corrections about 1% [Towner and Hardy, Phys. Rev. C 77, (2008)] Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix BR Quark-mass eigenstates m, Q to weak eigenstates Currently 13 transitions contribute t 1/2

8 Superallowed β-decays

9 Test of the CKM unitarity Check unitarity via first row elements: V ud 2 + V us 2 + V ub = 1 + Δ V us and V ub from particle physics data (K and B meson decays) 2 Unitarity contribution: V ub V us 0.001% 5% V ud (nuclear β-decay) = (21) V us (kaon-decay) = (14) V ub (B meson decay) = (5) V Present status: ud + Vus + Vub = (55) 0,9999(6) V ud 95% Hardy&Towner, Phys. Rev. C 91 (2015)

10 Masses II Neutrino physics applications m(ν e ) < 2 ev/c 2 (95% CL)

11 THe-TRAP for KATRIN A high-precision Q( 3 T- 3 He)-value measurement 3 1 H 3 He 2 + e +ν Q lit = (1.2) ev Q lit = (7) ev [E. Myers, PRL (2015)] We aim for: δq( 3 T 3 He) = 20 mev δm/m = T < 0.02 K/d at 24 C B/B < 10 ppt / h x 0.1 µm First 12 C 4+ / 16 O 6+ mass ratio measurement at δm/m = performed.

12 The ECHo ( 163 Ho) project Metallic Magnetic Calorimetry Q-value of EC in 163 Ho Status in 2014 Q-value with δq<1 ev S. Eliseev et al., PRL (2015)

13 Atomic masses III Test of CPT symmetry

14 Most stringent baryonic CPT test Compare charge-to-mass ratios R of p and p: (q/m) p / (q/m) p = (69) S. Ulmer et al., Nature 524, 196 (2015) Remarkable: It is not that easy! Temperature: T = -270 C Pressure: p < mbar Storage time: years Experiment: AD/CERN

15 Atomic masses IV The mass of the electron A fundamental constant

16 Measurement principle Measurement of the Larmor frequency in a well-known magnetic field: B ω L = g 2 e m e B Measurement of the free cyclotron frequency to determine the magnetic field: ω = q c m ion ion B B g ωl qion me = 2 = 2Γ ω m e c ion q m ion ion m e e has to be determined Measured by independent precision experiments

17 g-factor resonance of a single 28 Si 13+ ion Spinflip propability (%) Si 13+ g = 2 Γ q e m m e ion Γ Γ theo (10-6 ) g exp = (5)(3)(8) g theo = (17) Experiment Electron limited mass by can uncertainty be of electron mass improved by a factor of Theory limited by nuclear structure >10 if repeated effects for 12 C 5+. Most stringent test of BS-QED in strong fields. Theory colleagues: Harman, Keitel, Zatorski S. Sturm et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, (2011) A. Wagner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013)

18 A 13-fold improved electron mass Electron mass from ultra-high precision g-factor of hydrogenlike carbon: m e = g 2 theo ωc ω L e q ion m ion Harman, Keitel, Zatorski m e = (14)(9)(2)u CODATA 2016 A factor of 13 improved value! S. Sturm et al., Nature 506, 467 (2014)

19 A 3-fold improved proton mass F. Heiße et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, (2017)

20 What comes next? α ALPHATRAP: A high-precision Penning-trap setup at MPIK & HITRAP Production of HCI 208 Pb 77+,81+ Larmor-to-cyclotron frequency ratio measurement in a double Penning trap yields δg/g Experiment and theory provide stringent test of BS-QED and FSC α

21 Conclusion Exciting results in high-precision experiments with stored and cooled exotic ions have been achieved! Presently running experiments: 10-fold improved n mass 10-fold improved E=mc² test 1000-fold improved anti-p g-factor Thanks a lot for the invitation and your attention! Max Planck Society IMPRS-PTFS Adv. Grant MEFUCO Helmholtz Alliance