FEL R&D Activities at SINAP. Zhentang Zhao for the Project Team Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS SHanghai, Dec.

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1 FEL R&D Activities at SINAP Zhentang Zhao for the Project Team Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS SHanghai, Dec.11-12, 2008

2 Outline Introduction to the SXFEL Project; The SXFEL construction plan; The R&D activities: Progress of the SDUV-FEL

3 SXFEL Soft X-ray FEL Test Facility

4 Introduction to the SXFEL Test Facility A FEL test facility initiated by an IHEP group headed by Prof. S.Y. Chen in 2005, and such kind of FEL R&D has been proposed and supported by Prof. C. N. Yang since 1997; SXFEL is a 10nm two-stage cascading HGHG FEL demonstrator for performing the proof of principle of the cascading HGHG FEL and prototyping the key FEL technologies toward to the HGHG based XFEL; After long discussions within the experts in Chinese community, the CAS decided to choose SSRF campus in Shanghai as the facility site and SINAP as the host institute for the SXFEL project in 2007; Design and construction have been and will be doing under the close collaborations among IHEP, Tsinghua university and SINAP with, Tsinghua Univ: photo cathode injector IHEP: main Linac SINAP: undulator, utility and building The SXFEL project proposal is under the government review approval procedures now.

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6 The SSRF Complex Storage Ring 3.5GeV,C=432m Booster 3.5GeV,C=180m Electron Linac 150MeV

7 SSRF Central Control Room Zhentang Zhao FEL R&D Activities at SINAP Dec.11, 2008

8 The First SSRF Beamlines Macromolecular Crystallography (In-Vac Und.) High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction (under commissioning) X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy ( W) Hard X-ray Micro-focus and Application (In-Vac Und) X-ray Imaging and Biomedical Application (W) Small Angel X-ray Scattering (under commissioning) Soft X-ray Microscopy (Und.)

9 The SSRF Construction Schedule Dec ~ May 2007: Building construction Jun ~ Jun. 2008: Accelerator equipment and components manufacture and assembly Dec ~Dec. 2008: Beamline construction and assembly May ~ Jul. 2007: Linac commissioning Oct ~ Dec. 2007: Booster commissioning Dec ~ Dec. 2008: Storage ring commissioning May 2008 ~ Mar. 2009: Beamline commissioning Apr. 2009: The SSRF operation begins

10 The SSRF Accelerator Complex The SSRF accelerator complex consists of a 150MeV Linac, a full energy booster and 3.5GeV storage ring The energy selected higher than 3GeV for getting higher photon energy; High brightness and high flux optimized for photon energy range of keV; High beam position stability the long, medium and short terms; Top-up considered as one of the normal operation mode;

11 The SSRF Storage Ring A 20-cell double bend ring lattice structure with a circumference of 432 m and a natural emittance of 3.9nm-rad; 4 fold configuration with two types of straight sections (16x6.5m and 4x12m ); One 12m straight for accommodating all injection elements, another one for SRF cavities and other 18 for various IDs; Reasonable beam sizes, beta functions and dispersion at straight sections;

12 Main Parameters of the SSRF Storage Ring DBA Low-emittance mode Normal Mode Energy GeV Circomference m Natural Emittance nm rad Current:Multi-bunch(Single) ma 200~300(5) 200~300(5) Number of Cells 20/4 20/4 Straights: Length Number m β x /β y /η x in middle of 12m straight m 10.0/6.0/ /6.0/0.0* β x /β y /η x in middle of 6.5m straight m 3.6/2.5/ /2.5/0.0* Betatron Tune Q x /Q y 22.22/ /11.32 Chromaticity ξ x /ξ y -56/-19-56/-19 RF Voltage MV 4.0~ ~6.0 Energy Loss Per Turn ( Dipole) MeV Bunch Length mm

13 A Bird View of SSRF and SXFEL SXFEL

14 The SXFEL Layout Gun Laser Harmonic Compensation Compressor Seed Laser Undulator Photo Injector Main Linac HGHG Photo cathode injector S-band LINAC Two-stage magnetic bunch compressor Gun laser and seed laser Two-stage cascaded HGHG to generate 9nm FEL Energy can be upgraded to 1.3GeV for 3nm SASE FEL

15 Photo Cathode Injector Bunch charge (nc) Energy (MeV) Bunch length (FWHM, ps) Emittance ( RMS, mm mrad) Relative energy spread (RMS) Time jitter (ps) Rep. rate (Hz) 0.5~1.0 ~ ~2.5 <0.2%

16 SXFEL LINAC Performance Totally 18 3m SLAC type S-band linac sections in 3 straights (L1 L2 L3); Two magnetic compressor sections (BC1 BC2 ) of 15m and 18m long; Final energy is 840MeV, which can be increased to about 1.3GeV with SLED; With emittance about 2mm-mrad, peak current of 600A, rms bunch length about 0.6ps, rms energy spread of 0.1%;

17 SXFEL LINAC Performance Main parameters of the LINAC Electron bunches at the exit of dogleg

18 Linac Diagnostics Layout

19 Undulator system and performance Beta function in undulator system Final output FEL performance

20 Main Parameters of SXFEL Seed laser Electron parameter λ s =270nm, P max =200MW, τ s =100fs E=0.84GeV,I p =600A,ε n =1.5~2.5 mm mrad, δe/e=0.1%, τ=1.7ps, rep rate: 10 Hz parameter 1 st stage 2 nd stage Undulator λ u (cm) g (cm) 5.8 ~ ~ ~ ~1.0 L U (m) Disp. sec dψ/dγ FEL parameter λ (nm) L G (m) P (MW) τ FEL (fs)

21 The SXFEL Site Plan

22 Building and Facility Layout 束流输运匹配段 光阴极电子枪 驱动激光器 波段谐波腔 速调管长廊 空调机房 一次泵站 二次水泵站 一次水泵站 变电站 通厕用所值班 通用值班 门厅 中控室 激光 电源间 真空 空调机房 厕所 + + ±0.000 隧道束调管走廊工程用房走廊 Total length of the bunker is 225m; Total construction area are ~6510m 2, including ~2250m 2 bunker, ~1800m 2 klystron hall, 2460m 2 control room and other utility area;

23 Project Schedule and Cost Submit proposal of the project Complete feasibility study and start preliminary design Start construction Start accelerator commissioning Start FEL commissioning Complete project Project Budget in MUSD: Building: 5.9 Conventional facility: 3.0 Accelerator system: 14.3 Undulator system: 5.5 Other Project cost and Contingency 1.3 Total Project Budget: 30.0

24 SDUV-FEL Shanghai DUV Free Electron Laser

25 SDUV-FEL Program Shanghai Deep-Ultraviolet FEL (SDUV-FEL) started as an 80nm High Gain Harmonic Generation FEL test setup around Fund partially supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS Ministry of Science and Technology of China/MOST Chinese Natural Science Foundation of /NSFC Planed to be executed in phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ Be a test bed for SXFEL

26 SDUV-FEL Experiment Hall

27 SDUV-FEL Setup Layout Laser &beam diagnostics FEL Technology Test Photo RF Gun and injector Experiment Lab HGHG output 262,131,87,44nm Coherent THz output 0.1-1mm Seed Laser: nm HHG:30nm Pump-Probe Experiment Synchro-timing system Laser:1047,262nm

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29 Zhentang Zhao FEL R&D Activities at SINAP Dec.11, 2008

30 Existing 100MeV Linac Achieved beam parameters ( measured in ) Parameters Unit Single bunch Multi bunch Energy MeV Energy spread (rms) % /0.5 Normlized emittance (rms) mm mrad /80 Pulse length(fwhm) ns /175 Beam current (rms) ma 1280 (peak) 323/292 (peak)

31 Upgrade Linac to 160MeV Consists of 40MeV photo-cathode injector, 120MeV acceleration section and bunch compressorⅠ A4 A3 BC1 A2 A1 A0 45MW klystron 40MeV photo-cathode injector 30MW klystron 100kV-ns grid gun and 15 MeV buncher of the existing 100MeV Linac will be replaced by a 40MeV injector consisting of photo-cathode rf gun and an accelerating section in the end of 2008

32 Photocathode Injector Photo cathode RF gun Accelerating section A0 Klystron power source

33 Photocathode RF gun test bench Enenrgy: 4-5MeV Charge: nc Emittance: ~5mm-mrad Acc. Gradient: ~85MV/m

34 First beam from photo cathode RF gun Beam signal at bpm (6GHz oscilloscope) Beam profile on the screen

35 Bunch compressor Ⅰ(chicane) BC1(four-dipoles magnetic chicane) 3D Layout Main parameters Beam energy: 100 MeV Energy spread:1% Bunch length: 8~9/3~4ps Compression ratio:2~3 Bend angle: 7 ~ 14 Maximum field:4000 Gs R 56 (Max.): -100 mm

36 Undulator System Undulator (developed by NSRL and SINAP) Main parameters Period length 25mm Gap 10mm Peak Field 0.6T K 1.4 Type hybrid/nd-fe-b Segment length mm Space between segments 250mm Segment number 6 First field integral 0.1T-mm Second field integral 10T-mm*mm

37 Simulation of SDUV-FEL Start-to-end Simulations of 262nm SASE FEL Power (W) Bunch head Middle of bunch Bunch tail 1.8x Undulator length (m) FEL Power (W) 1.5x x x x x10 7 FEL Pulse at the end of 9.6m Undulator Location (μm) Exit of A0 Entrance/exit of BC1 Exit of A4 262nm SASE FEL

38 SDUV cascaded HGHG A two-stage cascaded HGHG demonstrator Spectral range 50 ~ 131nm Pulse duration FWHM < 100 fs Repetition 1~ 10 Hz photons per pulse ~ Undulator length 18 m

39 Main parameters Output power variation resulting from the input power change. (a) means the 1st stage and (b) means the 2nd stage.

40 SDUV-FEL Parameters FEL Parameters Wavelength (nm) Saturation Power (MW) Repetition frequency(hz) Gain Length (m) Electron Beam Parameters Energy (MeV) Peak Current (A) Emittance (mm-mrad) Local Energy Spread (rms) Seed Laser Parameters Wavelength (nm) Input power (MW) Band width (%) Phase I Phase II ~70 ~40 1~10 10~25 ~0.7 ~0.8 ~160 ~ % 524~ ~

41 Schedule of SDUV-FEL Project ~ ~ ~ ~ (End of phase 1) ~ (phase 2) Construction and commissioning of a 100MeV Linac with grid gun as prototype of pre-injector of SSRF Installation and commissioning of photocathode RF gun, replacement of the injector of 100MeV Linac Commissioning of photocathode RF gun and 160MeV Linac with first bunch compressor Installation of undulator system, seeding laser, and electron beam / laser diagnostic instruments; Begin on experiments of UV-FEL (262nm) Cascading HGHG experiments on UV-FEL (131nm)

42 Other Possible R&D Tests HHG seeded scheme ECHO modulated scheme Harmonic operation

43 Thank you for your attention 谢谢!