Canadian Light Source: Overview

Transcription

1 Canadian Light Source: Overview 2010 April

2 Outline CLS project history Accelerator design Accelerator performance and development Beamlines accelerator-related activity Future plans

3 The Case for CLS # CA Users Canadian Users # Int'l Users International Users Fr UK Ge US Swed CA ?

4 CLS History Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility Operated up to 3 beamlines at SRC in Madison since 1980 s 1991 Canadian Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Proposal 1.5 GeV for soft x-rays Racetrack design with few Insertion Devices Superconducting wiggle bends 1994 Design workshop at University of Saskatchewan (U. of S.) 1.5 GeV, 8-cell Triple-Bend Achromatic (TBA) lattice 104 m circumference Too few straights!

5 CLS History 1995 Revised proposal from U. of S. 2.5 GeV, 12-cell Double-Bend Achromatic (DBA) lattice 127 m circumference Budget estimate almost frozen More ID s, and 20 kev x-rays requested 1999 March 31 - CLS Project approved with Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to U. of S. 2.9 GeV, 12-sector DBA 171 m circumference, with longer straights Incorporate existing 300 MeV linac into injector

6 CLS Project CLS Project approved on 1999 March M $C to construct: 2.9 GeV booster and third-generation storage ring at least six beamlines Only 22 staff at the start of the project, including: 2 accelerator physicists 1 mechanical engineer 1 electrical engineer 4-person group for IT, controls, diagnostics 2 scientists Challenge: Complete facility in approximately five years Increase technical staff to more than 130 Build organization for operations and future R & D

7 Initial Capital Funding $140.9M Sask 18% Ontario 7% Alberta 7% UofS 4% City of Saskatoon, Sask Power, Boehringer Ingelheim, UofA, UWO 4% NRC/NRCan 6% Canada CFI 40% Western Diversification 16%

8 Initial Facility Layout

9 Synchrotron Light Source Facilities Facility Year Commissioned Energy Circumference Emttance Current ESRF (EU) / 300 APS (US) PLS (KO) SPRING-8 (JP) BESSY-II (DE) SLS (CH) CLS (CA) / 500 SPEAR-3 (US) SOLEIL (FR) ASP (AU) DIAMOND (UK) / 500 SSRF (CN) / 300 PETRA III (DE) / 200 ALBA (ES) TPS (TW) MAX-IV (SE) 2013? 3 ~500 <1.0 ~500 NSLS II (US) ~ ~780 <

10 CLS Linac 220 kv Pulsed electron gun Bunch train length selector ~ 0.1 nc / linac bunch 2856 MHz pre-buncher / buncher Six 2856 MHz, 50 MeV linac sections 250 MeV output energy Asynchronous to 500 MHz in booster ns long pulse train to booster 1 s -1 pulse repetition rate

11 CLS Booster 250 MeV to 2.9 GeV Synchrotron Up to 10 ma circulating current 1 s -1 repetition rate m circumference Compact FODO lattice 8 straight sections available for injection, extraction and RF 1.7 MV RF at 500 MHz, h=171 (3 x 3 x 19) B dipole = 1.33 T at 2.9 GeV ε x (damped) = 550 nm rad at 2.9 GeV

12 CLS Storage Ring 2.9 GeV DBA lattice with 12-fold period m circumference 2.4 MV rf at 500 MHz, h=285 (3 x 5 x 19) E loss per turn: > MeV Bend magnet radiation: λ c = 1.6 Å E c = 7.6 kev ε x = 18.1 nm rad Damping times: τ x = 2.4 ms, τ y = 3.8 ms, τ E = 2.7 ms ~10 mm bunch length

13 Sector details SYNCHROTRON LIGHT TO EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS PLAN VIEW (1 of 12 CELLS) meter SCALE QF QF B SA QF SB QF SA B QF QF

14 Storage Ring Operating Parameters Tunes ν x ν y Emittance nm 14.1 Straights β x β y η x m m 0.15 (0.25) 0.15 m Mom. Comp RF freq MHz voltage 2.4 MV δ acceptance 2.0 %

15 Storage Ring Magnets Dipoles: 2 per cell 1.87 m long T B = 3.87 T/m Quadrupoles: 3 families, 6 total per cell m, m and m magnetic length B < 21.3 T/m Sextupoles: 2 families, 3 total per cell 0.21 m magnetic length B = 245 T/m 2 One family also has dipole corrector coils and skew quadrupole coils

16 500 MHz RF System First light source to operate using only super-conducting rf Adopted a two-stage approach to the RF system Stage 1: Initial installation for 250 ma operation Stage 2: Future RF upgrade to 500 ma operation Initially use one SC cavity, based on Cornell CESR-B design, installed Second cavity is available on site, initially used as a spare, to be installed in Stage kw installed RF power for >250 ma operation. Liquid Helium Refrigeration (Linde TCF-50) was sized for operation of one cavity, with flexibility to expand to service an additional cavity.

17 Superconducting RF Cavity

18 First Light 2003 December 10

19 Machine Function Measurements

20 Orbit Control Based on Bergoz BPM electronics RMS orbit (at BPMs) ~ 1 micron Local bumps with global correction scheme RMS long-term stability ~ 2 microns Current dependency in beam position (needs work) Suspect BPM and vacuum chamber thermal shifts Fast orbit correction to 60 Hz recently tested May not be necessary for vibration control Used to correct perturbations from changing ID gaps Possible use with ramping BMIT wiggler

21 Single Bunch Mode 35 ma per bunch has been achieved Reduced to 15 ma with narrow vacuum chamber > 99.99% bunch purity has been achieved with bunch cleaning using I-Tech transverse feedback system Encountering problems with heating of injection kicker vacuum ceramics

22 Coupling Correction Normal operations is with natural coupling ( ~ 0.5 %) Coupling <0.1% has been achieved

23 Storage Ring Performance Achieved Design Goals ( ) Start First 2 years Long-term (2003) ( ) (> 2008) Horizontal Emittance (nm rad) * Energy (GeV) 1.5, X-Y Coupling <0.1% to 0.3% <10% <1% < 0.2% Tunes ( x / y ) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) Alternate operating points: (10.22 / 4.26) (10.22 / 4.26 ) (10.22 / 4.26 ) (11.22 / 3.26) * RMS orbit stability ( x / y ) (μm) 1.0 / / / 3 30 / 1* RMS orbit position ( x / y ) (μm) 2 / 1 40 / / / 40 Maximum current (ma) (?) 100 ma (hours) 29 > 4 > 6 > 10 / Top-up* Time Structure Multi-bunch Multi-bunch Multi-bunch or single bunch*

24 Facility Performance

25 Facility Performance

26 Current and Planned Beamlines

27 CLS Beamlines PHASE I (Operational) 1. Far Infrared Spectroscopy (Far-IR) - Characterization of IR absorption of simple molecules 2. Mid Infrared Spectromicroscopy (Mid- IR) - Microscopy of biological samples 3. Variable Line Spacing Plane Grating Monochromator (VLS PGM) and 4. High Resolution Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM) - Understanding chemistry of lighter elements leading to better catalysts, construction materials, fertilizers, etc. 5. Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy (SM) - Discovering the chemical basis of the structure of materials such as polymers, cells, plants, soil, minerals, and wood 6. Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF#1) - Analyzing the structure of proteins and other large biological molecules 7. Hard X-ray MicroAnalysis (HXMA) - X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder diffraction, micro-probe - Solve issues of toxic elements in enviromental samples

28 Insertion Devices (Phase I) Undulators designed and assembled at CLS VLS-PGM planar undulator: ev SGM planar undulator: ev CMCF SGU: 6 18 kev SM EPU (Apple-II): Planar ev Circular ev HXMA SC 1.94 T Wiggler: 5-40 kev purchased from Budker Institute

29 Brilliance at the CLS

30 Insertion Devices: Chicaned Undulators

31 Double EPU 5-magnet chicane scheme

32 Phase II ( ) 5 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines) $49 million Includes partial building expansion

33 CLS Beamlines PHASE II (Commissioning) 1. REIX Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray scattering (Second EPU) - Materials science studies with soft x-rays 2. CMCF-2 Protein Crystallography - Bending magnet beamline automated for high-throughput 3. VESPERS - Environmental analysis beamline using x-ray flourescence and diffraction 4. SXRMB - Spectroscopy and x-ray absorption at intermediate energies (2 to 10 kev) 5. SYLMAND - x-ray lithography and LIGA processing 6. and 7. BMIT (ID line has 4.4 Tesla SC wiggler) - Two biomedical beamlines for imaging and therapy studies - Also required building expansion

34 Current Facility Layout

35 Phase III ( ) 3 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines) $65 million Building expansion Additional $40 million

36 CLS Beamlines PHASE III (Design) 1. BIOXAS (Chicaned PPM wiggler, IVU) - Three beamlines optimized for biological applications of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, especially low-concentration elements 2. QMSC (Double EPU) - Beamline optimized for studying quantum effects in solid state physics - Uses two EPUs to cover a wide energy range (10 ev to ~1.2 kev) 3. BXDS (Chicaned SC wiggler, IVU) - Three beamlines optimized for hard x-ray diffraction and scattering - Primarily solid-state physics and materials studies

37 CLS Future work Phase III beamlines design and construction Includes 4 m long double EPU Building expansion (again!) Near term: CSR for users Single-bunch modes for experiments Fast global orbit feedback, bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback Longer term: Top Up Operation Preliminary radiation measurements have been made and levels are OK Licensing documentation needed however Emphasis on injection with shutters open 500 ma operations Second cavity to be installed New klystron and HV supply

38 The CLS Team