S2E (Start-to-End) Simulations for PAL-FEL. Eun-San Kim

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1 S2E (Start-to-End) Simulations for PAL-FEL Aug Kyungpook Nat l Univ. Eun-San Kim 1

2 Contents I Lattice and layout for a 10 GeV linac II Beam parameters and distributions III Pulse-to-pulse stability studies for RF tolerance budgets IV Low-charge case of 0.2 nc VI Summary 2

3 I. Lattice and layout for a 10 GeV linac 3

4 Lattice for 10 GeV Linac BC1 BC2 BTL 4

5 Layout Injector f rf =21.2 o f rf =21 o f rf=20 o Undu. M1 L1 X BC1 M2 L2 BC2 M3 L3 M4 BTL q=1 nc q=1 nc q=1 nc q=1 nc s z =2.9 ps s z =0.94 ps s z =0.078 ps s z =0.078 ps e x =0.93 mm e x =1.05 mm e x =1.10 mm e x =1.10 mm e y =0.93 mm e y =1.11 mm e y =1.14 mm e y =1.06 mm s d =0.2 % s d =0.93 % s d =0.53 % s d =0.037 % E=0.135 GeV E=0.42 GeV E=2.84 GeV E=10.0 GeV M : Matching section X : X-band Linac ( 31.6 MV/m) L : S-band Linac (27 MV/m) 5

6 Bunch length (fs rms) X-band RF A X-band rf in decelerating phase is used to linearize energy-time correlation prior to BC % variation in bunch length at f rf =1 deg. 84 Frequency : GHz Cavity length : 0.6 m Energy loss : 15.2 MeV Phase angle : -208 deg. from crest f rf 6

7 Emittance (mm) X-band RF Horizontal Vertical f rf 7

8 Peak current (A) Peak current (A) Bunch compressor I Bending angle : rad R 56 : mm 600 Compression factor : x x x x x x x x10-4 8

9 Peak current (A) Peak current (A) Bunch compressor II Bending angle : rad R 56 : mm 600 Compression factor: x x x x x x x x10-5 9

10 Beam Transport Line - Horizontal bending angle of 1 deg. - Almost isochronous and thus no variation in bunch length - To analyze beam energy, energy spread, and final tuning in the entrance of undulator 10

11 Unit RF system Two rf columns for each klystron 20cm 50 cm 50 cm 20cm QF Correctors 4 RF columns BPM QD (CH, CV) 11

12 List of components M1 L1 BC1 M2 L2 BC2 M3 L3 M4 BTL Tot Quad Bend X-band Column S-band column BPMs and 64 H/V correctors 12

13 II. Beam parameters and distributions 13

14 Longitudinal distributions after BC1 MeV GeV mm after injector mm mm 0 0.6mm 2.88 after BC In the entrance of undulator GeV GeV um 30um um um

15 Y-emittance (um) Energe spread (%) Peak current (A) X-emittance (um) Slice beam distributions in entrance of undulator x x x x x x x x Core part x x x x x x x x

16 Beam performance S2E simulation Design goal Wavelength (nm) Peak power (GW) 6 / 4.6 (w/o, w undulator wake) 4.5 (w/o undulator wake) Energy (GeV) Bunch charge (nc) 1 1 Slice emittance (mm) (x/y) 0.85 / / 1.1 Peak current (ka) Bunch length (fs) Core slice energy spread (%) <

17 Radiation power in undulator (OLD) S2E simulation Design goal No undulator wake Undulator length 17

18 III Pulse-to-pulse stability studies for RF tolerance budgets - Successive 30 bunches are tested. 18

19 X-emittance (um) Y-emittance (um) Slice emittances under rf jitters (0.5 ps rms timing deg rms phase % rms voltage) 1.4 with jitters without jitters 1.4 with jitters without jitters x x x x x x x x x x10-5 No jitter : ave. : 0.85 um With jitter: ave.: 0.86 um No jitter : ave.: 0.83 um With jitter : ave. : 0.83 um 19

20 Energy spread (%) Slice energy spread and peak current under rf jitters Peak current (A) (0.5 ps rms timing deg rms phase % rms voltage) with jitters without jitters 6800 with jitters without jitters x x x x x x x x x x

21 Bunch length (ps rms) Bunch length under rf jitters (0.5 ps rms timing deg rms phase % rms voltage) st bunch without jitters Bunch ID 21

22 III Low-charge case of 0.2 nc 22

23 Layout Injector f rf =21.3 o f rf =15 o f rf =13 o Undu. M1 L1 X BC1 M2 L2 BC2 M3 L3 M4 BTL q=0.2 nc q=0.2 nc q=0.2 nc q=0.2 nc s z =1.67 ps s z =0.2 ps s z =0.07 ps s z =0.07 ps e x =0.45 mm e x =0.52 mm e x =0.51 mm e x =0.50 mm e y =0.45 mm e y =0.48 mm e y =0.46 mm e y =0.45 mm s d =0.048 % s d =0.72 % s d =0.16 % s d =0.012 % E=0.135 GeV E=0.41 GeV E=2.92 GeV E=10.0 GeV M : Matching section X : X-band Linac ( 31.6 MV/m) L : S-band Linac (27 MV/m) 23

24 Energy spread (%) Emittance (um) Peak current (A) Slice beam distributions in entrance of undulator Horizontal Vertical x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

25 Longitudinal distributions MeV GeV after injector after BC1-0.6mm 0.6mm -0.12mm 0.12mm In the entrance of undulator GeV GeV after BC um -30um um 30um 25

26 Beam performance S2E simulation Wavelength (nm) 0.1 Peak power (GW) ~ 1 Energy (GeV) 10 Bunch charge (nc) 0.2 Avg. slice emittance (mm) (x/y) 0.38 / 0.38 Avg. peak current (ka) 0.65 Bunch length (fs) 70 Slice energy spread (%) <

27 Summary Lattice is designed to be very flexible to control emittance growth with matching sections. We performed S2E simulations in a designed 10 GeV linac that satisfy required slice beam parameters in the entrance of undulator. Results on S2E simulations show saturation power of ~5 GW in 0.1 nm at the undulator and are well within our FEL performance goals. Jitter budgets on RF systems are also studied. Their effects on the beam properties are estimated to be acceptable values technically. Intense R&D on low charge options will be continuously perform. 27

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