Potential use of erhic s ERL for FELs and light sources ERL: Main-stream GeV e - Up-gradable to 20 + GeV e -
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1 Potential use of erhic s ERL for FELs and light sources Place for doubling energy linac ERL: Main-stream GeV e - Up-gradable to 20 + GeV e - RHIC Electron cooling Vladimir N. Litvinenko and Ilan Ben Zvi Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
2 erhic - electron-ion colliders
3 Linac-ring erhic Daniel Anderson 1, Ilan Ben-Zvi 1,2,4, Rama Calaga 1,4, Xiangyun Chang 1,4, Manouchehr Farkhondeh 3, Alexei Fedotov 1, Jörg Kewisch 1, Vladimir Litvinenko, 1,4, William Mackay 1, Christoph Montag 1, Thomas Roser 1, Vitaly Yakimenko 2 (1) Collider-Accelerator (2) Physics Departments of BNL, (3) Bates Lab, MIT, (4) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook Linac-Ring erhic. Appendix A of the erhic ZDR Daniel Anderson, Ilan Ben-Zvi 1, Rama Calaga 1, Xiangyun Chang 1, Manouchehr Farkhondeh 2, Alexei Fedotov 1, Jrg Kewisch 1, Vladimir Litvinenko 1, William Mackay 1, Christoph Montag 1, Thomas Roser 1, Vitaly Yakimenko 3 Content (1) C-AD, BNL (2) Bates, MIT (3) Physics Department, BNL 1. Introduction to the Linac- Ring collider Advantages of the ERL-based erhic Main beam parameters and luminosity Layout of the Linac-ring erhic 186 a. Energy recovery Linac 188 b. Polarized electron gun 204 c. Laser source for the polarized gun 209 d. The e-beam polarization and polarization transparency of the ERL lattice 214 e. Electron cooling 219 f. Integration with IP 223 g. Considerations of the experiments 231 h. Adjustment of collision frequency for variable hadron energies Cost R&D items Future energy upgrades Summary Acknowledgements 243 page
4 Electron cooling erhic 1.22 km RHIC ERL 5-10 GeV EBIS Booster Linac AGS
5 EBIS IP#10 - optional Linac QuickTime and a Booster RHIC AGS IP#2 - optional IP#4- optional Electron cooling IP#12 - main erhic with GeV ERL 1.22 km For multiple passes: vertical separation of the arcs Light sources
6 Main Components of ERL Return loop See talk: THBOC04 by I. Ben-Zvi, 12:00 SRF linac Beam dump Super conducting RF photo-gun And high current 5-cell SC RF Cavity Gun beam dump 3.7 m 11.2 m
7 RHIC erhic Light source option Ring circumference [m] 3834 Number of bunches 360 Beam rep-rate [MHz] Protons: number of bunches 360 Beam energy [GeV] Protons per bunch (max) Normalized 96% emittance [µm] 14.5 RMS Bunch length [m] 0.2 Gold ions: number of bunches 360 Beam energy [GeV/u] Ions per bunch (max) Normalized 96% emittance [µm] 6 Electrons: Beam rep-rate [MHz] Beam energy [GeV] 2 20 γ, Relativistic factor RMS normalized emittance [µm] Beam 20 GeV [Å] Full transverse coherence λ[å] 1.13 photon energy [kev] 11 RMS Bunch length [psec] Electrons per bunch Charge per bunch [nc] Average e-beam current [A] Presently, RHIC operates for ~ 28 weeks/year The rest of the year the RHIC ion rings do not work! Time for dedicated LS run Beam parameters
8 D.Kairan, V. Litvinenko (BNL) Z-system for merging low emittance beams Chicane and Zigzag merging systems Laser Standard - Chicane ε x > ε y From the SC RF Gun 2.5 MeV Laser Separating magnet MeV from ERL Optimized - Z-system ε x = ε y δ = E E o ; E o δ const + no focusing θ i = 0; z i θ i = 0 i i Solenoid Solenoid δ = E E o E o ; δ δ o + κ z f (ς) (no focusing) θ i = 0; z i θ i = 0; z 2 i θ i = 0 i i i
9 mm mrad Emittances, mm mrad Gun ---Magnets---- Chicane Linac Emittance X Emittance Y Emittance X Emittance Y Emittances X, Y 2 0 Reference - straight pass Zigzag Length, m Results of Parmela simulation for 1 nc e-bunch from the cathode to the end of the linac: black dashed curve is for a round beam passing without bends; blue curves are for a compensated chicane, red curves are for Zigzag merging system. In contrast with traditional chicane where horizontal emittance suffers some growth as result of the bending trajectory, the Z-system (zigzag) the emittances are equal to each other and are very close to that attainable for the straight pass.
10 Beam parameters Energy 20 GeV Energy 10 GeV γ 3.91E+04 γ 1.96E+04 Circumference 3834 m Circumference m R, average m R, average m % fill 65.55% % fill 65.55% R magnets m R magnets m B 1.67 kgs B 0.83 kgs N TBA cells N cells ε norm 9.50E-07 m rad ε norm 9.50E-07 m rad ε Å rad ε Å Bunchlength from 0.1 to 2 psec Bunchlength from 0.1 to 2 psec Damping time 1.45E-02 sec Damping time 1.16E-01 sec Revolution time 1.28E-05 sec Revolution time 1.28E-05 sec ε (TBA) Å rad 6.70% ε (TBA) Å 0.10% ε Å rad ε Å RMS energy spread 2.54E-05 RMS energy spread 4.49E meters TBA cell
11 3 µ DOK µ SASE κ 1+ B L G DOK L G e 1 4 κ- filling factor e 4πL G (1+B ) 2 4 πσ γ L G γλ w 6 σ γ γ 2 /κ 3/2 λ w DOK reduces the gain length 2.2 fold at 20 GeV and 5 fold at 10 GeV for erhic Å FELs 2
12 Single pass Ångstrom-class FELs at erhic QuickTime and a Energy, GeV Average lasing Wavelength, Å power is Bunch length, psec a problem! Peak Current, ka Wiggler period, cm Å (12 kev) SASE gain length, m It is from 0.6 MW SASE Saturation length, m to 1.3 MW Saturation power, GW DOK, gain length, m DOK, saturation length, m
13 Brightness Average & Peak erhic FELs erhic SR LCLS erhic FELs erhic SR
14 Oscillators and HGHG vs. SASE FELs Precision vs. Crude Power λ/λ = 10-6 t coh =0.3 psec 1 OK RMS; TESLA RMS nm nm Lasing Line at nm RMS linewidth: nm (including resolution) Intensity, normalized FWHM=1.4*10-4 σλ/λ= OK-4 FEL TESLA FEL λ, nm
15 Optics-Free FEL Oscillator Use lower energy low current e-beam with low emittance and low energy spread for the feed-back The feed-back-beam is modulated and carries-on the modulation to the entrance of the FEL Fully tunable! Line-width of oscillator Feed-back Source Beam Dump Radiator Modulator Photons High Gain FEL FEL beam
16 Conclusions High current GeV ERL considered as a possible electron accelerator for erhic electron-hadron collider GeV ERL will be very bright and powerful light source both in parasitic and dedicated modes of operation Sub-angstrom FEL can be successfully driven by the ERL in SASE or HGHG modes (L~100m), DOK or OFFO mode (~50m) Work is supported by DoE
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