Announcements. PHY2053, Lecture 8, Contact Forces
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1 Announcements TA Erken had to return to Turkey due to a family emergency, sections are redistributed to cover Homework #3 vetted by all TA s, found no problem Found that there were odd rounding issues ConnectPhysics claims there should not We have increased the tolerance to 5% to compensate ConnectPhysics doesn t allow more than 3 attempts We expect this weekend to go much better than last Mon: Prof Field and I are both here, will discuss more. 1
2 PHY 2053 Lecture 8 Applications of Newton s Laws
3 Contact Forces Standard Illustrations Reality: We are subject to more subtle contact forces at all times: normal forces, friction forces, atmospheric pressure
4 Force #2: Normal Force normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
5 Force #2: Normal Force F = m a normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
6 Force #2: Normal Force F = m a mcarrier g normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
7 Force #2: Normal Force F = m a surface resists mcarrier g normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
8 Force #2: Normal Force F = m a surface resists mcarrier g mperson g normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
9 Force #2: Normal Force F = m a surface resists surface does not resist mcarrier g mperson g normal force keeps us from sinking through things property of most surfaces to resist foreign objects 4
10 Newton II fully defines the properties of the normal force 5
11 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) h α Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline L 6
12 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) α Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
13 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) mg α Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
14 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) mg y α x Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
15 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) Wy mg y α x Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
16 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) Wy mg y Wx α x Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
17 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) N Wy mg y Wx α x Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
18 Object Sliding Down Ideal Incline (no friction) N Wy mg Fnet y Wx α x Use Newton s Laws to compute acceleration down ramp / slope / incline 6
19 Force #3: Friction macroscopic consequence of microscopic effects atoms of the two surfaces interact when in contact as we drag one surface across the other, part of the energy turns into vibration of surface atoms (heat) frictional force is proportional to the normal force on the surface f = μ N, direction always opposes motion differentiate between static friction, fs = μs N and kinetic friction fk = μk N 7
20 H-ITT #2, Forensics: Vehicle Speed from Skid Mark Length A Ferrari is found crashed into a tree. Skid marks leading to the tree are 50 meters (~150 feet) long. The coefficient of friction for tires skidding on dry road is ~ What was the lowest possible speed the car could have been driving when the driver hit the brakes? A) ~60 mph B) ~55 mph C) ~50 mph 50 m D) ~45 mph E) ~40 mph 8
21 Static Friction on an Incline N Wy mg Fnet, no friction y Wx α x use Newton s laws to figure out α in equilibrium 9
22 Static Friction on an Incline fs = μs N N Wy mg Fnet, no friction y Wx α x use Newton s laws to figure out α in equilibrium 9
23 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends 10
24 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends F = m a 10
25 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends F = m a 10
26 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends F = m a 10
27 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends Wcar = mcar g F = m a 10
28 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) mheli g aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends Wcar = mcar g F = m a 10
29 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being Flift from propellers torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) mheli g aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends Wcar = mcar g F = m a 10
30 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being Flift from propellers torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) mheli g aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string Tcable acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends Wcar = mcar g F = m a 10
31 Force #4: Tension intrinsic property of a string / cable / chain to resist being Flift from propellers torn apart another self-adjusting force (similar to normal force) Tcable mheli g aheli = 0 magnitude of tension is the same throughout the string Tcable acar = 0 direction of tension is opposite on opposing ends Wcar = mcar g F = m a 10
32 Pulleys Atwood s Machine 11
33 Reference Frames Pseudoforces 12
34 Reference Frames Pseudoforces a 12
35 Reference Frames Pseudoforces a a 12
36 Reference Frames Pseudoforces a a 12
37 Reference Frames Pseudoforces a F a F = m a Pseudoforce is a consequence of non-inertial reference frame 12
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