(GF FCO-HMGA) FCO Research Conference February 1, 2017

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2 (GF FCO-HMGA) FCO Research Conference February 1, 2017

3 Objective: Develop PRACTICAL methods that growers can use to: Track microbial water quality manage RISK Monitor water treatment system performance Proactively manage water quality throughout the whole production system

4 Concerns for Greenhouse Flower Growers Plant pathogens going into production areas from fresh or recycled water Treatment system performance Concerns for Vegetable & Herb Growers Food safety in production and processing Food safety Regulations Plant pathogens going back onto cropland

5 Tools for Food Safety: E.coli, Coliforms 3M Petrifilms General water quality: Total aerobic bacteria

6 Tools for fungal plant pathogens 3M Petrifilm Yeast & Mold Standard plating methods Sani-Check dipslides AgDia test strips DNA Multiscan (UofG Lab Services)

7 DNA Multiscan testing Site code Crop System Treatment F2 Cut mixed Recirculating UV DNA Multiscan scores Leach or Runoff water - untreated Treated Sample Code F2-3 F2-3 F2-3 F2-3 F2-3 F2-4 F2-4 F2-4 F2-4 F2-4 Average Sample Name Cistern 1 Cistern 1 Cistern 1 Cistern 1 Cistern 1 Cistern 2 Cistern 2 Cistern 2 Cistern 2 Cistern 2 (August) Sampling Date 14-May- 5-Jun- 5-Jul- 1-Aug- 15-Aug- 14-May- 5-Jun- 5-Jul- 1-Aug- 15-Aug- Botrytis cinerea Fusarium oxysporum F. solani Phytophthora sp P. cactorum P. capsici P. cinnamomi P. cryplogea P. drechsleri OOPS 0!! 0 0 P. fragariae P. infestans P. nicotianae Target Pythium sp Organism P. aphanidermatum P. dissotocum P. irregulere P. polymastum P. sylvaticum P. ultimum Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sp Thielaviopsis basicola Verticillium albo-atrum Verticillium dahliae V. dahliae (ver longisporum) weeks for results

8 Plant pathogen removal by woodchip bioreactor DNA Multiscan testing Untreated Sump Water Woodchip Bioreactor Treated Target Organism 22 May 5 June 5 July 1 Aug 15 Aug June 13 Botrytis Fusarium Phytophthora Pythium Rhizoctonia Olpidium Sclerotinia Sept May 5 June 5 July 1 Aug 15 Aug June 13 $175-$225 each Thielaviopsis Verticillium Sept 13

9 3M Petrifilm for yeast & mold Total Yeast and Mold Population (cfu/ml) $2-$3 each + time 2-3 days to results sump biofilter out

10 Project Cooperators Cooperator Crops Irrigation systems Recirc? treatment Greenhouses (7) Vegetable growers/ Washers (8) qcut qpotted qbedding qvegetable qcarrots, beets, parsnips qgreens qasian veg qflood floor, trough, Dutch tray qdrip qoverhead qoverhead irrigation qwide range of washing systems YES Some quv (5) qcloth filter(7) qperoxide (2) qcopper qchlorine dioxide qeca qozone qwoodchip Bioreactor qconstructed wetland Nothing to everything!

11 Results - Toolbox for Microbial water quality assessment 3M Petrifilms - a measure of RISK Total yeast & mold risk of fungal pathogens Total aerobic plate count (bacterial) general water quality; risk of biofilm development in pipes and drippers E.coli and total coliforms (only if food safety is a concern) DNA multiscan identifies WHAT is there

12 Results - Baseline microbial water quality data (2 years) treatment system performance and general water management 7 greenhouse systems 8 vegetable production and processing systems >3000 Petrifilm analyses!!

13 Typical results: treatment system performance Total Yeast & Mold (cfu/ml) ECA treatment TYM - pre treatment TYM - post treatment

14 Typical results: changes over season and management Fresh water cisterns cfu/ml TYM back cistern Aerobic back cistern TY&M front cistern Aerobic front cistern

15 On-site comparisons Fresh water cistern cfu/ml TYM back cistern Aerobic back cistern TY&M front cistern Aerobic front cistern Aerobic on site TY&M on site

16 Implications for growers Total Yeast & Mold (CFU/ml) Increased Risk Low Risk Total DNA Multiscan Score C1-recirc C2- recirc post UV C3- pond- postuv Pond Collection Pit

17 RISK Determination Low counts Consistent results Treatment system OK Scouting looks OK Track changes in levels with water sources changes (e.g. pond vs roof) High counts Inconsistent results Unusual spikes in data Send for DNA multiscan? Extra scouting for issues? Check/maintain treatment equipment? Clean tanks, including feed tanks

18 Equipment alternatives OR OR $159 at Amazon.ca $373 at Amazon.com OR Room temperature for Aerobic and Y&M

19 Other parameters Test strips/meters for sanitizer residuals and other chemicals peroxide chlorine free & total chlorine dioxide ph ammonia nitrate phosphate

20 Next Steps Workshops February: Niagara area Holland Marsh area Ordering supplies and equipment through FCO SOON please!!!!! Contact us: Ann Huber, SRG; Jeanine West, FCO;

21 Acknowledgements Flowers Canada (Ontario) Inc., Holland Marsh Growers Association & LSGBCUF project, Steering Committee Members, and Our Growers!! This project was funded in part through Growing Forward 2 (GF2), a federal-provincial-territorial-initiative. The Agricultural Adaptation Council assists in the delivery of GF2 in Ontario.