US Science Perspec0ves- Baffin Bay
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1 US Science Perspec0ves- Baffin Bay Cognizant US En00es: NSF NASA DOE NOAA (US Arc0c) ONR (process studies, tech development) Private founda0ons (processes, tech) Curry et al., 2014 Craig Lee Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
2 Quan0fying FW Inflows and OuTlows Arc0c-Subarc0c Ocean Flux (ASOF) Program (hwp://asof.awi.de) SLIGHT INCREASE SLIGHT INCREASE (?) Haine et al Gateway flux measurements. Net 1200±730 km 3 /yr freshening. Increases in precipita0on, runoff and Bering inflow. OuTlows unchanged. Sustained, pan-arc0c obs. network. NO CHANGE NO CHANGE Haine et al. 2014
![WG1.5 C6 C4 C3 C1 20 100 200 Depth [m] 0 50 Baffin Island BI1-4 C1 WG1 00 b) 10 20' o 67 N 40' 20' 66 on C6 WG1 WG1.](/docs-images/89/99024247/images/3-1.jpg "5 WG2 WG3 WG4 BI1 BI2 BI3 20 20 20 50 50 50 100 100 100 150 150 150 200 1.25 1.5 20")
![0 1.25 2 1.5 2.5 BI1 BI2 BI3 BI4 BI2 BI3 500 1100 0 SBE-37 MicroCAT ADCP RCM 8 CT RCM 8 T ULS 50 100 150 200 Distance [km] 2 3 200 1.25 2.5 3.](/docs-images/89/99024247/images/3-2.jpg "5 1.5 25")
3 The Davis Strait Program ( ) APL-UW, BIO, GINR (U. Alberta, U. Colorado, DTU) a) 68 on 40' 66 ow 63 o W C2 M5 M3 M1 M2 M4 60o W C3 M6 C5 BI1 o 51 W o 54 W 57 o W C4 Greenland 200 BI1-4 C2 WG2 WG4 C5 WG3 WG1.5 C6 C4 C3 C Depth [m] 0 50 Baffin Island BI1-4 C1 WG1 00 b) 10 20' o 67 N 40' 20' 66 on C6 WG1 WG1.5 WG2 WG3 WG4 BI1 BI2 BI BI1 BI2 BI3 BI4 BI2 BI SBE-37 MicroCAT ADCP RCM 8 CT RCM 8 T ULS Distance [km] Moorings (u, T, S, ice thickness, marine Fig. 2. (a) Davis Strait (red line) and mammal (black line) moored arrays with acous0cs), including ice-ocean squares indicating mooring locations. (b) Summary of Davis Strait moored array interface temperature, and shelves. instrumentation. Blue crosses indicate SBE37 MicroCAT conductivity, and pressure recorders; green dots represent RDI ADCPs; black dots denote Aanderaa RCM8 Glider-based sec0ons. Year-round. velocity, conductivity, and temperature recorders; red dots denote Aanderaa RCM8 velocity Inset Annual hydrography with and temperature recorders; and orange dots denote ULSs. image(biennial) shows a close-up of the Baffin Island shelf instruments. Spatial coverage varies from year to year throughout the extensive chemistry. program.
4 Poten0al Impact on the MOC Arc0c outlows intensify, freshen Increased Arc0c FW Content Buoyancy input to deep water forma0on sites may impede convec0on Buoyancy input from increased ice sheet melt Reduced convec0on slows the overturning cell. Base map from McArtney et al. 1996
5 OSNAP Susan Lozier- Duke Univ., U. Miami, WHOI, BIO, NOC, SAMS, AWI, NIOZ US, Canada, UK, Netherlands, China Strength and pathways of subpolar limb of the AMOC (+5 renewal) Boundary current moorings, floats, gliders (eastern side)
6 Accelerated Greenland Ice Sheet Mel0ng Ice Sheet Mass Loss (GRACE) Greenland ice sheet loosing mass Surface melt Loss enhanced at the edges Outlet Glacier Accelera0on 2000/ /06 Accelera0on = terminus retreat Surface Flow Speed Accelera0on = terminus retreat Khan et al Marine-termina0ng glaciers accelera0ng toward the sea. Joughin et al. 2010
7 The Ocean s Role Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Science Network: hwp://web.whoi.edu/griso/ Straneo et al 2013 Straneo et al 2013 Sea level rise Buoyancy input to deep water forma0on sites Oceanic waters around Greenland warming increased penetra0on of Atlan0c inflow. Heat delivered by these waters may accelerate submarine mel0ng, driving accelerated seaward mo0on and terminus retreat.
8 Oceans Mel0ng Greenland (OMG) Josh Willis and Eric Rignot (JPL) Impact of ocean warming in ice sheet mel0ng Bathymetric surveys Airborne glacier eleva0on surveys Annual AXBT surveys
9 Sea Ice and Oceans: Changing Physical Processes Ice & snow insulate upper ocean from wind and solar warming Albedo (reflec0vity) decreases as ice frac0on decreases: more radia0ve warming, ice melt Solar warming increases with decreased ice COLD, FRESH Momentum transfer (mixing and wave genera0on) grows with decreasing ice. Heat, Freshwater Import & Export WARM, SALTY
10 The Marignal Ice Zone Experiment APL-UW, WHOI, NPS, Yale, Umaine, NRL, SAMS, BAS, KOPRI, CRREL SWIFT (surface waves) Wavebuoy (waves in ice) Seaglider (upper ocean, surveys) ITP-V (upper ocean, profiles) Ice Mass Balance Buoys (snow and ice) Automa9c Weather Sta9on (meteorological) Polar Profiling Float (upper ocean, profiles) AOFB (upper ocean, mixing) Acous9c Naviga9on Source (underwater geoloca9on) Craig Lee
11 The Marignal Ice Zone Experiment (2014) APL-UW, WHOI, NPS, Yale, Umaine, NRL, SAMS, BAS, KOPRI, CRREL 3 nm 3 nm Assets Deployed 25 Ice Mass Balance Buoys 25 Wave Buoys 5 Weather Sta0ons 5 Ice-Tethered Profilers 5 Flux Buoys 10 Acous0c Nav Buoys 4 Seagliders 10 ARGO floats 2 Wavegliders 3 SWIFT floats Ocean, Ice and Atmosphere Mul0ple temporal & spa0al scales Craig Lee
12
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