How to form halocline water?
|
|
- Dennis Banks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How to form halocline water? Atlantic water - cannot form Halocline water simply by mixing (Aagaard, 1981) Surface Water Adapted from Steele and Boyd, 1998
2 ADVECTIVE HC Temp Fresh Salty Aagaard et al, 1981 ~ 50m ~ 100m ADD COLD, SALTY Temp Salty CONVECTIVE HC Rudels et al, 1996 ~ 50m Convect ADD COLD, FRESH ~ 100m Steele and Boyd, 1998 source of halocline water differs (advective or convective) Woodgate et al, 2001 temperature of halocline water differs (convective must be at freezing temperature, advective may or may not be at freezing)
3 Halocline formation Convective Advective Woodgate etal, 2001
4 Basin/Shelf FSBW/BSBW origin Black= FSBW Blue = BSBW Red = AW Green = Rivers Orange = Pacific inflow.. but what about change?? Rudels et al, 2004, Polar Research
5 Retreat of the Cold Halocline (Steele and Boyd, 1998) In 1995, only Makarov has a cold halocline Use salinity in 40-60m band as an indicator Hi S = NO CHL Lo S = CHL
6 Retreat of the Cold Halocline (Steele and Boyd, 1998) Injection point of freshwater (Russian Rivers) has changed Backed up by chemical data, Ekwurzel et al., 2001 PREVIOUS RW into Eurasian Basin CHL in Eurasian Basin 1995 RW along shelf instead no CHL in Eurasian Basin
7 Decadal averages of Russian Data 1950s to 1980s (see also Swift et al, 2005 annual averages in boxes ftp:://odf.ucsd.edu/pub/jswift/arctic_aari_method_b
8 Levitus for the Arctic
9 The (partial) return of the Cold Halocline (Boyd et al, 2002) Consider (upper 80m) S over Lomo Ridge ~ 34 psu no CHL ~ psu ~ 33 psu ~ 33.3 psu CHL returning What could be causing this?? So far, this is EASTERN Arctic story, what about the Western Arctic
10 Western versus Eastern Arctic Halocline WESTERN ARCTIC (PACIFIC) HALOCLINE - greater salinity range - fresher at surface - general Tmax above Tmin - very varied - (rich in nutrients) BSW Bering Sea Water UHW Upper Halocline Water LHW Lower Halocline Water AW Atlantic Water DW Deep Water Adapted from Steele and Boyd 1998 EASTERN ARCTIC (ATLANTIC) HALOCLINE - less salinity range - saltier at surface - sharper bend in TS space
11 Arctic Intermediate Western versus Eastern Arctic Halocline Water Atlantic Water Image from Steele and Boyd 1998 Polar Water Arctic Surface Water European Speak: e.g. Manley et al, 1992 Polar Water T: < 0 deg C and S: <34.4 psu Arctic Surface Water T: < 0 deg C and S: psu Atlantic Intermediate Water T: 0-3 deg C and S: psu Atlantic Water T: > 3 deg C and S: > 34.9 psu BSW Bering Sea Water UHW Upper Halocline Water LHW Lower Halocline Water AW Atlantic Water DW Deep Water
12 Shift of Pacific/Atlantic Front JGR, 1996 JGR, use TS and chemistry to show Pacific Atlantic Front retreated from Lomo Ridge to Mendeleev Ridge by 1993 Historic Russian Data - silicate profiles in central Makarov - Si max disappears in late 1980s
13 Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea Nutrient-rich Anadyr waters Bering Shelf waters Alaskan Coastal Current (warm, fresh, seasonal) Siberian Coastal Current (cold, fresh, seasonal) Stagnation Zones over Herald and Hanna Shoals COLDER SALTIER RICHER IN NUTRIENTS WARMER FRESHER LOWER IN NUTRIENTS To first order, except for - cooling - input from coastal polynyas, Chukchi dominated by input through Bering Strait Export to Arctic ~ Input through Bering Strait Woodgate et al, DSR, 2005,
14 JGR, 2004 ACW=Alaskan Coastal Water sbsw = summer Bering Sea Water
15 Generic Pacific Water circulation Steele et al, change in pathway with change in Atmospheric state - shift of Pacific/Atlantic boundary from Lomonosov Ridge BUT - doesn t always match Fram Strait outflow is there a better tracer - how get the Pacific Water off from the Chukchi
16 Chukchi Sea Outflow Long Strait = TOPOGRAPHIC CONSTRAINTS (Potential Vorticity Conservation) - Taylor columns in Chukchi - flow ~ along isobaths eastward BUT WE SEE PW GETS AWAY FROM TOPOGRAPHY = FRICTION (TOP or BOTTOM) =Four main outflows 1. Barrow Canyon 2. Central Gap 3. Herald Canyon 4. Long Strait?? = Most nutrients in West = Outflows move east & north = Seasonal & interannual variability in TS (thus density and equilibrium depth) and also in volume = DENSITY DIFFERENCES - dense water outflows = WIND EFFECTS - upwelling and downwelling - undercurrents = EDDIES = INERTIAL and TIDAL OSCILLATIONS AND MIXING
17 Dense Water Outflow e.g. from coastal polynyas (e.g. Martin et al, 2004) X Wind Ice ICE Temperature S flux as new ice Dense water on shelf ICE Thickness Dense water flows down shelf as a descending plume, entraining water. (i.e. down, but not OUT)
18 2002, JGR ~0.06Sv - can get the salinities, but volume is small
19 Wind effects X Wind X Wind isopycnal Upwelling of deeper water - can come up canyon onto the shelf - cf Chukchi slope canyons, Barrow Canyon, and many others If initial stratification enough, can get undercurrent opposite to the wind (Yoshida Undercurrent) - cf Beaufort slope
20 3 rd October Results of a strong westward wind 5 th October Ship s ADCP of the Beaufort slope current system (red= towards you) (Andreas Muncheow, UDel)
21 Chukchi slope velocity red=73 20N blue=73 37N
22 Chukchi Slope TS-properties Temperature Maximum is December March, i.e. advective from the south Intrusions of Atlantic Water in Autumn 73 20N - red 60m/70m water 73 37N - cyan 60m/110m water - navy 100m/110m water
23 Upwelling versus polynyas?? Use Silicate to track Pacific Water in the Chukchi Borderland
24 Can we get this TS from Bering Strait?? NO... salinities are only near 34 psu in extreme winters, and then the waters are at freezing, not warmer Bering Strait TS Woodgate et al, 2005
25 Influence of shelf waters?? Along the Chukchi Shelf, upwelling and diapycnal mixing of lower halocline waters and Pacific waters (Note ventilation by polynya waters couldn t give this T-S structure) (Woodgate et al, 2005)
26 The Eddy Band-wagon
27 Eddies in the Beaufort Sea e.g.,hunkins and Manley, Plueddemann and MANY others halocline depth Arctic Rossby Radius Predominantly Anticyclonic
28 Eddy Census 1 eddy = (10 km radius, 50m) - XBT lines ~ 2 x m 3 Flux through Bering Strait ~ 1 Sv ~ 3 x m 3 per yr If all eddies, makes ~1000 eddies a year. Do we see 1000 eddies??? - no
29 Eddies in the non-beaufort Arctic (Woodgate et al, 2001) LM2 LM3 LM1 TWO EDDY TYPES Cold (Tf), Fresh, near surface, AC, - likely from shelf polynyas Warm, Salty, ~ 1000m deep, AC - instabilities on upstream front (e.g. St Anna) 40 cm/s; ~ 10km radius, but volume flux ~ 0.1 Sv or less
30 DISSOLVED OXYGEN - High at surface (ventilated from atmosphere) - Low = OLD water (long time since at surface) or = Evidence of high biological activity HUS Pacific Water has LOW Dissolved Oxygen NPEO PW - Low Oxygen Pacific Water SWYD AW PW Falkner et al, 2005 DSR
31 SILICATE, NITRATE, PHOSPHATE - High from source in Pacific BUT not conservative PW - Hi Nutrients Redfield-Ketchum-Richards Model (Redfield et al, 1963) (CH 2 0) 106 (NH) 16 (H 3 PO 4 ) O 2 = 106 CO H 2 O + 16 HNO 3 + H 3 PO 4 Biogenic matter + oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + NUTRIENTS Fixing of nutrients and Carbon to make biogenic matter Decay of biogenic matter using up Oxygen, forming nutrients Try to create a tracer that is conservative Quasi-conservative Tracer NO and PO Broecker, cope with growth and decay NO = 9 NO 3 + O 2 PO = 135 PO 4 + O 2 N:P ratios NO:PO ratios N* (N star) Gruber and Sarmiento, indicates nitrogen fixation and denitrification N* = 0.87 [N 16 P µmol kg -1 ]
32 NITRATE:PHOSPHATE RELATIONSHIP different in AW and PW AW PW versus AW in N:P space = For a Nitrate value, PW have more Phosphate = Slope set by Redfield = Exact lines may change NO 3 (pw) = x PO 4 (pw) (Falck, 2001) PW BUT work out % influence of PW and AW (..but certainly no better than 10%... assumes ice melt, P and runoff same as AW... denitrification.. and other such processes) % PW in upper 30m Jones, Anderson and Swift, GRL, 1998 Distribution of Atlantic and Pacific waters in the upper Arctic Ocean: Implications for circulation
Typical Arctic profiles. How to form halocline water? 2012 Changing Arctic Ocean 506E/497E - Lecture 7 - Woodgate
Schematic Surface and Atlantic Circulation Typical Arctic profiles MIXED LAYER Usually thin (no wind stirring) PACIFIC WATER High nutrients Shallow (
More informationGeneral AW Circulation Schemes
General AW Circulation Schemes Aagaard, 1989 - topographically steered boundary current along slopes and ridges - interior flow weak, dominated by eddies (based on current meters) Rudels et al, 1994 -
More informationGetting around in the Arctic
Getting around in the Arctic what we do (and don t) know about boundary currents Arctic Bathymetry 605ft 184m 70N ~1000ft ~ 330m Rebecca Woodgate University of Washington 150ft 50m BBC Photo by Sullivan
More informationThe Bering Sea/Bering Strait Relationship. Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea
The Bering Sea/ Relationship ANSF= Aleutian North Slope Current BSC = Bering Slope Current Anadyr (colder, saltier, nutrient-rich) Bering Shelf Waters (in between!) Exit route! From Stabeno, Schumacher
More informationGEOCHEMICAL TRACERS OF ARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION
GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS OF ARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Fresh Water Cycle Maintains Stratification of Upper Arctic Ocean Stably stratified surface
More informationHalocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 32, L03605, doi:10.1029/2004gl021358, 2005 Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, and Shigeto Nishino Institute of Observational
More informationThe Arctic Crossroads
The Arctic Crossroads The Influence of the Mendeleev Ridge and the Chukchi Borderland on the Large-scale Circulation of the Arctic Ocean Rebecca Woodgate and Knut Aagaard, University of Washington Jim
More informationPacific ventilation of the Arctic Ocean s lower halocline by upwelling and diapycnal mixing over the continental margin
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 32, L18609, doi:10.1029/2005gl023999, 2005 Pacific ventilation of the Arctic Ocean s lower halocline by upwelling and diapycnal mixing over the continental margin Rebecca
More informationOCB Summer Workshop WHOI, July 16-19,
Transformation and fluxes of carbon in a changing Arctic Ocean and it s impact on ocean acidification, the Atlantic view Leif G. Anderson Department t of Chemistry and Molecular l Biology University of
More informationComparison of the Siberian shelf seas in the Arctic Ocean
Comparison of the Siberian shelf seas in the Arctic Ocean by Audun Scheide & Marit Muren SIO 210 - Introduction to Physical Oceanography November 2014 Acknowledgements Special thanks to James Swift for
More informationf r o m a H i g h - R e s o l u t i o n I c e - O c e a n M o d e l
Circulation and Variability in the Western Arctic Ocean f r o m a H i g h - R e s o l u t i o n I c e - O c e a n M o d e l Jeffrey S. Dixon 1, Wieslaw Maslowski 1, Jaclyn Clement 1, Waldemar Walczowski
More informationChristopher K. H. Guay 1, Fiona A. McLaughlin 2, and Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai 2. Canada
Differentiating fluvial components of upper Canada Basin waters based on measurements of dissolved barium combined with other physical and chemical tracers Christopher K. H. Guay 1, Fiona A. McLaughlin
More informationOn Modeling the Oceanic Heat Fluxes from the North Pacific / Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean
On Modeling the Oceanic Heat Fluxes from the North Pacific / Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean Wieslaw Maslowski Naval Postgraduate School Collaborators: Jaclyn Clement Kinney Terry McNamara, John Whelan
More informationWhat makes the Arctic hot?
1/3 total USA UN Environ Prog What makes the Arctic hot? Local communities subsistence Arctic Shipping Routes? Decreasing Ice cover Sept 2007 -ice extent (Pink=1979-2000 mean min) Source: NSIDC Oil/Gas
More informationArctic oceanography; the path of North Atlantic Deep Water
Chapter 7 Arctic oceanography; the path of North Atlantic Deep Water The importance of the Southern Ocean for the formation of the water masses of the world ocean poses the question whether similar conditions
More informationModeling the Formation and Offshore Transport of Dense Water from High-Latitude Coastal Polynyas
Modeling the Formation and Offshore Transport of Dense Water from High-Latitude Coastal Polynyas David C. Chapman Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 phone: (508) 289-2792 fax: (508)
More informationREVISING THE BERING STRAIT FRESHWATER FLUX INTO THE ARCTIC OCEAN
REVISING THE BERING STRAIT FRESHWATER FLUX INTO THE ARCTIC OCEAN Rebecca A. Woodgate and Knut Aagaard, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Corresponding Author:
More informationDon't let your PBL scheme be rejected by brine: Parameterization of salt plumes under sea ice in climate models
Don't let your PBL scheme be rejected by brine: Parameterization of salt plumes under sea ice in climate models Dimitris Menemenlis California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Frontiers
More informationPhysical Oceanography of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea: A Preliminary Synthesis
Physical Oceanography of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea: A Preliminary Synthesis I. Hanna Shoal Meltback Variability (causes?) II. Hydrography: Interannual Variability III. Aspects of Hanna Shoal Hydrographic
More informationOn the Circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean
2352 J O U R N A L O F P H Y S I C A L O C E A N O G R A P H Y VOLUME 43 On the Circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean MICHAEL A. SPALL Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
More informationThe Canada Basin, : Upstream events and far-field effects of the Barents Sea
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. C7, 3082, 10.1029/2001JC000904, 2002 The Canada Basin, 1989 1995: Upstream events and far-field effects of the Barents Sea Fiona McLaughlin, Eddy Carmack,
More informationAdvancements and Limitations in Understanding and Predicting Arctic Climate Change
Advancements and Limitations in Understanding and Predicting Arctic Climate Change Wieslaw Maslowski Naval Postgraduate School Collaborators: Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Rose Tseng, Timothy McGeehan - NPS Jaromir
More informationA Synthesis of Oceanic Time Series from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas and the Arctic Ocean, with Application to Shelf-Basin Exchange
A Synthesis of Oceanic Time Series from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas and the Arctic Ocean, with Application to Shelf-Basin Exchange Thomas Weingartner Institute of Marine Science School of Fisheries and
More informationClimate/Ocean dynamics
Interannual variations of the East-Kamchatka and East-Sakhalin Currents volume transports and their impact on the temperature and chemical parameters in the Okhotsk Sea Andrey G. Andreev V.I. Il ichev
More informationAtlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters
Polar Research ISSN: (Print) 1751-8369 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/zpor20 Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters Bert Rudels, E. Peter Jones, Ursula
More informationMONTHLY TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND TRANSPORT VARIABILITY OF THE BERING STRAIT THROUGHFLOW
MONTHLY TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND TRANSPORT VARIABILITY OF THE BERING STRAIT THROUGHFLOW Rebecca A. Woodgate, Knut Aagaard, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle,
More informationArctic Ocean simulation in the CCSM4
Arctic Ocean simulation in the CCSM4 Alexandra Jahn National Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Boulder, USA Collaborators: K. Sterling, M.M. Holland, J. Kay, J.A. Maslanik, C.M. Bitz, D.A. Bailey, J. Stroeve,
More informationLand Bridge for migration of mammals and people? Arctic Change Woodgate Paleo role of Bering Strait
Paleo role of Bering Strait Stabilizer for World Climate? (DeBoer & Nof, 2004) - if Bering Strait is open, excess freshwater in the Atlantic (from, for example, ice sheet collapse) can vent through the
More informationFreshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of D 18 O and alkalinity ( A.D.)
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110,, doi:10.1029/2004jc002793, 2005 Freshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of D 18 O and alkalinity (1929 2002 A.D.) Michiyo
More informationObserved rate of loss of Arctic ice extent is faster than IPCC AR4 predictions
When will Summer Arctic Sea Ice Disappear? Wieslaw Maslowski Naval Postgraduate School Collaborators: Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Andrew Miller, Terry McNamara, John Whelan - Naval Postgraduate School Jay Zwally
More informationObserved increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column
Observed increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column Rebecca A Woodgate 1, Thomas J Weingartner 2, and
More informationCirculation and water mass transformation in a model of the Chukchi Sea
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112,, doi:10.1029/2005jc003364, 2007 Circulation and water mass transformation in a model of the Chukchi Sea Michael A. Spall 1 Received 24 October 2005; revised 11
More informationDistribution of Convective Lower Halocline Water. In the Eastern Arctic Ocean
Distribution of Convective Lower Halocline Water In the Eastern Arctic Ocean Takashi Kikuchi, Kiyoshi Hatakeyama, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, JAPAN
More informationARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION - going around at the Top of the World
ARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION - going around at the Top of the World Rebecca Woodgate University of Washington, Seattle woodgate@apl.washington.edu Tel: 206-221-3268 Accepted for Nature Education Knowledge
More informationBering Sea Bathymetry
Bering Sea Bathymetry Ice coverage - southeast Bering Sea shelf, 1972-2010 See Stabeno et al, 2007 Bering Strait Cold/Cool Period Gulf of Anadyr St. Lawrence Norton Sound Kamchatka Shirshov Ridge Aleutian
More informationThe Arctic Ocean Climate a balance between local radiation, advected heat and freshwater
The Arctic Ocean Climate a balance between local radiation, advected heat and freshwater Bert Rudels Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland French Arctic Initiative, Collège de France, Paris,
More informationBarrow Canyon volume, heat, and freshwater fluxes revealed by long-term mooring observations between 2000 and 2008
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS, VOL. 118, 4363 4379, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20290, 2013 Barrow Canyon volume, heat, and freshwater fluxes revealed by long-term mooring observations between 2000 and
More informationRetreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 103, NO. C5, PAGES 10,419-10,435, MAY 15, 1998 Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean Michael Steele Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory,
More information1. Introduction 2. Ocean circulation a) Temperature, salinity, density b) Thermohaline circulation c) Wind-driven surface currents d) Circulation and
1. Introduction 2. Ocean circulation a) Temperature, salinity, density b) Thermohaline circulation c) Wind-driven surface currents d) Circulation and climate change e) Oceanic water residence times 3.
More informationKeywords: Arctic Ocean halocline; Surface circulation; Transpolar Drift; Freshwater; Polynyas; Oxygen isotopes
Title page Title: Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007 Authors: Dorothea Bauch 1, Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff 2, Nils Andersen 3, Sinhue Torres- Valdes
More informationOcean Circulation. In partnership with Dr. Zafer Top
Ocean Circulation In partnership with Dr. Zafer Top Samantha Hampton Honors Science December 15, 2014 Ocean Circulation is the large scale movement of waters in the ocean basins. Dr. Zafer Top studies
More informationSIO 210 Final examination Answer Key for all questions except Daisyworld. Wednesday, December 10, PM Name:
SIO 210 Final examination Answer Key for all questions except Daisyworld. Wednesday, December 10, 2008 3-6 PM Name: This is a closed book exam. You may use a calculator. There are two parts: Talley (weighted
More informationObservations of water masses and circulation with focus on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from the 1990s to the late 2000s
https://helda.helsinki.fi Observations of water masses and circulation with focus on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from the 1990s to the late 2000s Rudels, B. 2013 Rudels, B, Schauer, U, Bjork,
More informationTitle. Author(s)Maslowski, Wieslaw. Citation 地球温暖化による劇変を解明する. 平成 20 年 6 月 24 日. 札幌市. Issue Date Doc URL. Type.
Title When will Summer Arctic Sea Ice Disappear? Author(s)Maslowski, Wieslaw Citation 地球温暖化による劇変を解明する. 平成 20 年 6 月 24 日. 札幌市 Issue Date 2008-06-24 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34395 Type conference
More informationThermohaline and wind-driven circulation
Thermohaline and wind-driven circulation Annalisa Bracco Georgia Institute of Technology School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences NCAR ASP Colloquium: Carbon climate connections in the Earth System Tracer
More informationThe western Arctic boundary current at 152ºW: Structure, variability, and transport
The western Arctic boundary current at 152ºW: Structure, variability, and transport Anna Nikolopoulos a,*, Robert S. Pickart a, Paula S. Fratantoni a, Koji Shimada b, Daniel J. Torres a, E. Peter Jones
More informationIPCC AR5 WG1 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Nandini Ramesh
IPCC AR5 WG1 - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis Nandini Ramesh Seminar in Atmospheric Science 21 st February, 2014 1. Introduc,on The ocean exchanges heat, freshwater, and C with the atmosphere.
More informationCauses of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice
Causes of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice Wieslaw Maslowski Naval Postgraduate School Outline 1. Rationale 2. Observational background 3. Modeling insights on Arctic change Pacific / Atlantic Water inflow 4.
More informationOn the Role of AdvecJon on the InteracJon between ArcJc and SubarcJc Seas: Comparing the Atlantic and Pacific Sectors
Wakefield Symposium Anchorage, Alaska 25-29 March 2013 On the Role of AdvecJon on the InteracJon between ArcJc and SubarcJc Seas: Comparing the Atlantic and Pacific Sectors Ken Drinkwater IMR, Bergen AdvecJon
More informationSubmarine-Based Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Measurements of the Upper Arctic Ocean
Submarine-Based Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Measurements of the Upper Arctic Ocean Robin D. Muench Earth & Space Research 1910 Fairview Ave. E. Suite 102 Seattle, WA 98102-3620 Phone: (206)726-0501;
More informationThe Variable Outflow from the Chukchi Shelf to the Arctic Ocean
The Variable Outflow from the Chukchi Shelf to the Arctic Ocean Knut Aagaard Applied Physics Laboratory 1013 N.E. 40th Seattle, WA 98105-6698 phone: (206) 543-8942 fax: (206) 616-3142 e-mail: aagaard@apl.washington.edu
More informationSynoptic Flow and Density Observations near an Arctic Shelf Break
1402 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 27 Synoptic Flow and Density Observations near an Arctic Shelf Break ANDREAS MÜNCHOW Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
More informationNew perspectives of climate change impacts on marine anthropogenic radioactivity in Arctic regions
New perspectives of climate change impacts on marine anthropogenic radioactivity in Arctic regions M. Karcher 1,3, I. Harms 2, R. Gerdes 3, W.J.F. Standring 4, M. Dowdall 4, P. Strand 4 1 O.A.Sys Ocean
More informationAtlantic water circulation over the Mendeleev Ridge and Chukchi Borderland from thermohaline intrusions and water mass properties
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112,, doi:10.1029/2005jc003416, 2007 Atlantic water circulation over the Mendeleev Ridge and Chukchi Borderland from thermohaline intrusions and water mass properties
More informationAnswer to reviewers The answers to the reviewers comments are indicated in italics
Answer to reviewers The answers to the reviewers comments are indicated in italics Reviewer 1: General comments The manuscript by Bourgain et al. reports on several cruises from the Canada Basin from the
More informationShelfbreak circulation in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Mean structure and variability
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2003jc001912, 2004 Shelfbreak circulation in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Mean structure and variability Robert S. Pickart Department of Physical Oceanography,
More informationAPPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1
APPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1 1 By David B. Fissel, Mar Martínez de Saavedra Álvarez, and Randy C. Kerr, ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. (Feb. 2012) West Greenland Seismic
More informationS12. The Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas: Supplementary Materials
C H A P T E R S12 The Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas: Supplementary Materials FIGURE S12.1 Principal currents of the Nordic Seas. Shaded currents show upper ocean circulation; thin black arrows show deep
More informationA Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project
A Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project Ken Drinkwater Institute of Marine Research Bergen, Norway ken.drinkwater@imr.no ESSAS has several formally recognized national research
More informationApplying Basin-Scale HyCOM Hindcasts in Providing Open Boundary Conditions for Nested High-Resolution Coastal Circulation Modeling
Applying Basin-Scale HyCOM Hindcasts in Providing Open Boundary Conditions for Nested High-Resolution Coastal Circulation Modeling Ruoying He Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution December 7, 2005 Cape
More informationOcean Mixing and Climate Change
Ocean Mixing and Climate Change Factors inducing seawater mixing Different densities Wind stirring Internal waves breaking Tidal Bottom topography Biogenic Mixing (??) In general, any motion favoring turbulent
More informationThe Arctic and Subarctic Ocean Flux of Potential Vorticity and the Arctic Ocean Circulation*
DECEMBER 2005 YANG 2387 The Arctic and Subarctic Ocean Flux of Potential Vorticity and the Arctic Ocean Circulation* JIAYAN YANG Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
More information2/15/2012. Earth System Science II EES 717 Spring 2012
Earth System Science II EES 717 Spring 2012 1. The Earth Interior Mantle Convection & Plate Tectonics 2. The Atmosphere - Climate Models, Climate Change and Feedback Processes 3. The Oceans Circulation;
More informationDeep-Water Flow over the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean
AUGUST 2005 N O T E S A N D C O R R E S P O N D E N C E 1489 Deep-Water Flow over the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean M.-L. TIMMERMANS, P. WINSOR, AND J. A. WHITEHEAD Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
More informationClimate Variability Studies in the Ocean
Climate Variability Studies in the Ocean Topic 1. Long-term variations of vertical profiles of nutrients in the western North Pacific Topic 2. Biogeochemical processes related to ocean carbon cycling:
More informationFreshwater composition of the waters off southeast Greenland and their link to the Arctic Ocean
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Freshwater composition of the waters off southeast Greenland and their link to the
More informationHydrography and biological resources in the western Bering Sea. Gennady V. Khen, Eugeny O. Basyuk. Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre)
Hydrography and biological resources in the western Bering Sea Gennady V. Khen, Eugeny O. Basyuk Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre) Bering Sea: deep-sea basin, shelf, and US-Russia convention
More informationisopycnal outcrop w < 0 (downwelling), v < 0 L.I. V. P.
Ocean 423 Vertical circulation 1 When we are thinking about how the density, temperature and salinity structure is set in the ocean, there are different processes at work depending on where in the water
More informationHomework 5: Background Ocean Water Properties & Stratification
14 August 2008 MAR 110 HW5: Ocean Properties 1 Homework 5: Background Ocean Water Properties & Stratification The ocean is a heterogeneous mixture of water types - each with its own temperature, salinity,
More informationTracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. C4, 3116, doi:10.1029/2001jc001141, 2003 Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean E. P. Jones, 1 J. H. Swift, 2 L. G. Anderson, 3 M. Lipizer, 4 G.
More informationProject of Strategic Interest NEXTDATA. Deliverables D1.3.B and 1.3.C. Final Report on the quality of Reconstruction/Reanalysis products
Project of Strategic Interest NEXTDATA Deliverables D1.3.B and 1.3.C Final Report on the quality of Reconstruction/Reanalysis products WP Coordinator: Nadia Pinardi INGV, Bologna Deliverable authors Claudia
More informationUpper Ocean Circulation
Upper Ocean Circulation C. Chen General Physical Oceanography MAR 555 School for Marine Sciences and Technology Umass-Dartmouth 1 MAR555 Lecture 4: The Upper Oceanic Circulation The Oceanic Circulation
More informationWater mass formation, subduction, and the oceanic heat budget
Chapter 5 Water mass formation, subduction, and the oceanic heat budget In the first four chapters we developed the concept of Ekman pumping, Rossby wave propagation, and the Sverdrup circulation as the
More informationPacific HYCOM. E. Joseph Metzger, Harley E. Hurlburt, Alan J. Wallcraft, Luis Zamudio and Patrick J. Hogan
Pacific HYCOM E. Joseph Metzger, Harley E. Hurlburt, Alan J. Wallcraft, Luis Zamudio and Patrick J. Hogan Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies,
More informationModeling of deep currents in the Japan/East Sea
Modeling of deep currents in the Japan/East Sea Olga Trusenkova V.I.Il ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, FEB RAS Vladivostok, Russia PICES 2014 Annual Meeting, 16-26 October 2014, Korea, Yeosu Deep
More informationEvolution of the Deep Water in the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
866 J O U R N A L O F P H Y S I C A L O C E A N O G R A P H Y VOLUME 36 Evolution of the Deep Water in the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean M.-L. TIMMERMANS* AND CHRIS GARRETT Department of Physics and
More informationCruise Report. RV Oceania, AREX2011. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences. the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents Seas
w Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland, P.O. Box 68 10 December, 2011 Cruise Report RV Oceania, AREX2011 Institution Ship Name Cruise Name Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences RV Oceania AREX2011
More informationCHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Ocean Currents Surface currents Deep currents 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Measuring Surface Currents Direct methods Floating device tracked
More informationRECENT STUDIES OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK
RECENT STUDIES OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK Masaaki Wakatsuchi Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan ABSTRACT We recently have had a Japan-Russia-United States International
More informationChanges in the properties and distribution of the intermediate and deep waters in the Fram Strait
Changes in the properties and distribution of the intermediate and deep waters in the Fram Strait Helene R. Langehaug 1,2 and Eva Falck 3 1 Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway.
More informationCatastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region-
1/12 Catastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region- KAKENHI No.22221003 Naomi Harada (JAMSTEC) J. Onodera, E. Watanabe, K. Matsuno, K. Kimoto,
More informationARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION - going around at the Top of the World
ARCTIC OCEAN CIRCULATION - going around at the Top of the World Rebecca Woodgate University of Washington, Seattle woodgate@apl.washington.edu Tel: 206-221-3268 Accepted for Nature Education Knowledge
More informationOcean Dynamics. The Great Wave off Kanagawa Hokusai
Ocean Dynamics The Great Wave off Kanagawa Hokusai LO: integrate relevant oceanographic processes with factors influencing survival and growth of fish larvae Physics Determining Ocean Dynamics 1. Conservation
More informationA modeling study of the North Pacific shallow overturning circulation. Takao Kawasaki, H. Hasumi, 2 M. Kurogi
PICES 2011 Annual Meeting, Khabarovsk, Russia A modeling study of the North Pacific shallow overturning circulation 1 Takao Kawasaki, H. Hasumi, 2 M. Kurogi 1 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University
More informationBeaufort shelf break eddies and shelf basin exchange of Pacific summer water in the western Arctic Ocean detected by satellite and modeling analyses
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116,, doi:10.1029/2010jc006259, 2011 Beaufort shelf break eddies and shelf basin exchange of Pacific summer water in the western Arctic Ocean detected by satellite
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation
Global Atmospheric Circulation Polar Climatology & Climate Variability Lecture 11 Nov. 22, 2010 Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation The Polar Vortex
More informationOCN/ATM/ESS 587. Ocean circulation, dynamics and thermodynamics.
OCN/ATM/ESS 587 Ocean circulation, dynamics and thermodynamics. Equation of state for seawater General T/S properties of the upper ocean Heat balance of the upper ocean Upper ocean circulation Deep circulation
More informationRiver runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 106, NO. C5, PAGES 9075-9092, MAY 15, 2001 River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean Brenda Ekwurzel,
More informationCoastal Antarctic polynyas: A coupled process requiring high model resolution in the ocean and atmosphere
Coastal Antarctic polynyas: A coupled process requiring high model resolution in the ocean and atmosphere Mike Dinniman and John Klinck Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography Old Dominion University
More informationUnderstanding and modeling dense overflows. Sonya Legg Princeton University AOMIP/FAMOS school for young scientists 2012
Understanding and modeling dense overflows Sonya Legg Princeton University AOMIP/FAMOS school for young scientists 2012 What is an overflow? Dense water formation on shelf or marginal sea Dense water accelerates
More informationArctic Ocean-Sea Ice-Climate Interactions
Arctic Ocean-Sea Ice-Climate Interactions Sea Ice Ice extent waxes and wanes with the seasons. Ice extent is at a maximum in March (typically 14 million square km, about twice the area of the contiguous
More informationOffice of Naval Research Arctic Observing Activities
Office of Naval Research Arctic Observing Activities Jim Thomson Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington jthomson@apl.washington.edu Scott L. Harper, Program Officer, Arctic and Global Prediction
More informationAnticipated changes in the Nordic Seas marine climate: Scenarios for 2020, 2050, and 2080.
Anticipated changes in the Nordic Seas marine climate: Scenarios for 2020, 2050, and 2080. By Tore Furevik 1, Helge Drange 2, and Asgeir Sorteberg 1,3 1 Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen 2 Nansen
More informationOrigins of the SHEBA freshwater anomaly in the Mackenzie River delta
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L09601, doi:10.1029/2005gl024813, 2006 Origins of the SHEBA freshwater anomaly in the Mackenzie River delta M. Steele, 1 A. Porcelli, 1 and J. Zhang 1 Received 29
More informationThe 2007 Bering Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37, L01602, doi:10.1029/2009gl041621, 2010 The 2007 Bering Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat Rebecca A. Woodgate,
More informationFreshwater budget of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, from salinity, d 18 O, and nutrients
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113,, doi:10.1029/2006jc003858, 2008 Freshwater budget of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, from salinity, d 18 O, and nutrients M. Yamamoto-Kawai, 1 F. A. McLaughlin,
More information1 Carbon - Motivation
1 Carbon - Motivation Figure 1: Atmospheric pco 2 over the past 400 thousand years as recorded in the ice core from Vostok, Antarctica (Petit et al., 1999). Figure 2: Air-sea flux of CO 2 (mol m 2 yr 1
More informationA Geometric Model for the Beaufort/Chukchi Sea Thermohaline Structure
VOLUME 16 JOURNAL O AMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC ECHNOLOGY JUNE 1999 A Geometric Model for the Beaufort/Chukchi Sea hermohaline Structure PEER C. CHU, QIANQIAN WANG,* AND ROBER H. BOURKE Department of Oceanography,
More informationSurface Circulation Ocean current Surface Currents:
All Write Round Robin G1. What makes up the ocean water? G2. What is the source of the salt found in ocean water? G3. How does the water temperature affect the density of ocean water? G4. How does the
More informationFreshwater composition of the waters off southeast Greenland and their link to the Arctic Ocean
Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 114,, doi:10.1029/2008jc004808, 2009 Freshwater composition of the waters off southeast Greenland and their link to the Arctic Ocean David
More information