Map 7: Barns Ness to Thorntonloch
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2 Map 7: Barns Ness to Thorntonloch From the low-lying headland of Barns Ness, this section extends along an undulating coast edge to Chapel Point and Skateraw and from there, around the armoured headland occupied by Torness power station and on to the sandy beach at Thorntonloch. There are sand dunes in the hinterland throughout much of this area and the coast edge has been classified as generally stable, with some localised accretion and erosion also in evidence. Modern settlement is very sparse within this area and is mostly concentrated around Thorntonloch, where there is also a caravan park. A total of twenty-four sites are recorded, of which six represent new entries identified by this survey. Of note is a site comprising of eroding anthropogenic deposits, including probable medieval white gritty pottery, at Chapel Point (EL50). Previous records (EL149) indicate that human remains have been found here in the past and the place name suggests that there is an early chapel in the vicinity. These remains require urgent attention. Other sites in this area include a lighthouse at Barns Ness (EL145), and an abandoned harbour (EL54) and recently-consolidated lime kiln (EL53) at Skateraw 93
3 Built Heritage & East Lothian Archaeology Map 7 EL 48 (NT77NW65/66) NT Skateraw House, Enclosure and Structure Fair EL 49 NT Chapel Point Monument: memorial 18th - 21st C Good EL 50 NT Chapel Point Coastal exposure: anthropogenic deposits 14th- 18th C Fair EL 51 NT Skateraw Sculpture Good EL 52 (NT77NE67) NT Skateraw Former boathouse" Poor EL 53 (NT77NW62) NT Listed B Skateraw Limekiln Good EL 54 (NT77NW69) NT Skateraw Harbour Former Harbour Poor EL 55 (NT77SE72) NT Thortonloch Former Military Camp and Coastal Defences Fair EL 145 (NT77NW37) NT Listed B Barns Ness Lighthouse Good EL 146 (NT77NW8007/8016) NT Barns Ness Shipwrecks 18th -21st C EL 147 (NT77NW64) NT Barns Ness Enclosure EL 148 (NT77NW8004) NT Chapel Point Shipwreck 18th -21st C EL 149 (NT77NW11) NT Chapel Point Site of St. Denis's Chapel 12th-14th C/14th -18th C EL 150 (NT77NW8006) NT Chapel Point Shipwreck 18th -21st C EL 151 (NT77NW8015 etc) NT Skateraw Harbour Shipwrecks 18th -21st C EL 152 (NT77NW49) NT Torness Farm buildings EL 153 (NT77NE8009) NT Torness Point Shipwreck 18th -21st C " EL 154 (NT77NE8008) NT Torness Point Shipwreck 18th -21st C EL 155 (NT77NE8001 etc) NT Long Craig, Torness Point Shipwrecks 18th -21st C EL 156 (NT77SE95/101) NT Thorntonloch Houses EL 157 (NT77SE35) NT Thorntonloch Enclosure EL 168 NT Skateraw Mound EL 169 NT Torness Structural remains 94
4 Built Heritage & Archaeology East Lothian Map 7 Map 6 EL145 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 EL146 EL147 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c EL168 EL149 EL148 EL51 EL49 EL48 EL151 EL52 EL53 EL50 EL150 EL54 EL152 EL169 EL153 EL154 EL155 EL55 EL156 EL157 Map 8 Protected Ancient Monument or area of Designated Wreck Built Heritage & Archaeology Monument formally proposed by Historic Scotland for scheduling or wreck for designation Listed Historic Building Undesignated wreck Known ancient monument Site found by this survey Site complex
5 Hinterland Geology & East Lothian Coastal Geomorphology Map 7 1. Dryburn Bridge NT km Rock Platform Coast edge <5m Blown Sand The foreshore in this section is mostly rock platform, frequently with cobble cover on the upper foreshore. A storm beach is located at The edge is low, with low dunes behind. The dunes rise in height towards Barns Ness and are covered by a mix of marram grass and rough grass. The hinterland around Torness Point has been landscaped by the construction of the power station. Possible raised beach deposits are exposed in an eroding section on the south side of Chapel Point. 2. Thorntonloch NT km Mostly Sand Coast edge <5m Drift The foreshore in this section is composed of a sandy beach. The coast edge is protected by armouring. 96
6 Hinterland Geology & Coastal Geomorphology East Lothian Map 7 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c 1 2 Rock platform Low edge <5m Foreshore Mainly sand Mainly alluvial/marine mud Modifiers Cliff >5m Man made barrier Marsh Shingle/storm bank Human disturbance Hinterland Drift Drift on visible rock Raised beach etc Blown sand Glacial sand/gravel Alluvium
7 Erosion Class 1. Dryburn Bridge NT km Accreting and Eroding The coast edge within this section is low lying. There is storm beach over mush of the upper foreshore on the eastern end of the section, which appears to be accreting. The edge above this foreshore exhibits signs of erosion, particularly over the eastern half of the section. The coast edge on the western half is sandy, and accreting. 2. Chapel Point NT km Definitely Eroding The southern edge of Chapel Point is low lying and formed by a low vertical cliff c.1m high over rocks. It is being actively eroded. Possible old beach deposits are exposed within this section. East Lothian Map 7 4. Skateraw Harbour (east) NT km Definitely Eroding The coast edge rises here. The edge is actively eroding, exposing deposits which appear to be formed from dumped material. 5. Torness Point NT km Stable The coast edge around Torness point is armoured and stable. The southern part of the section, at Thorntonloch, is also armoured by reused WWII Anti-Tank Blocks. 3. Skateraw Harbour NT km Stable This section comprises the central part of Skateraw Harbour, a low grassy edge behind a sandy foreshore. This section is stable. 98
8 Erosion Class East Lothian Map 7 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c Definitely Accreting Erosion Class Accreting or Stable Stable Eroding or Stable Definitely Eroding Accreting and Eroding No access Land below 10m 99
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10 Map 8: Thorntonloch to Cove Harbour This map section begins at Thorntonloch with a low-lying coast edge and a sandy beach. From approximately the mid point of this beach, the coast edge rises, achieving a height of c. 35m for most of the remainder of the section. The river valleys at Bilsdean and Dunglass punctuate this otherwise high coast edge until Cove Harbour, with its bay surrounded by cliff, is reached. The high rocky cliffs are largely stable, but localised areas of erosion were noted at Thorntonloch Sands, Lawfield beach and at Bilsdean Creek. Modern settlement at Thorntonloch and Dunglass is limited and largely set back from the coastal zone. Of the eighteen sites recorded in this area, three represent new entries. At Lawfield, eroding deposits seen in a coastal exposure (EL56) appear to derive from industrial waste, although their date and origin could not be confirmed. Further eroding deposits, seen by Dunglass Burn (SB2) contain charcoal and animal bone in what would appear to be washed-down alluvium deposits. Several sites in this area, including a possible fort and pit alignments, have been identified from AP's (EL160, EL163, EL169, EL170). Past records also note finds and burial remains at Castle Dykes (EL163), suggesting that there may be a concentration of prehistoric activity in this area. These site are not now visible on the ground but it is possible that buried remains associated with them may yet survive. 101
11 Built Heritage & East Lothian - Scottish Borders Archaeology Map 8 EL 56 NT Lawfield Coastal exposure: possible anthropogenic deposits Fair EL 57 NT Bilsdean Designed garden features Fair/Poor EL 158 (NT77SE68) NT Thorntonloch WWII structures EL 159 (NT77SE69) NT Thorntonloch Buildings EL 160 (NT77SE77) NT Lawfield Cropmarks: pit alignment EL 161 (NT77SE90) NT Bilsdean Building EL 162 (NT77SE8006) NT Thorntonloch Shipwreck 18th -21st C EL 163 (NT77SE3) NT Castle Dykes Fort, cists, findspot Fair EL 170 NT Castle Dykes Structural remains EL 171 NT Castle Dykes Cropmark SB 1 NT Dunglass Burn Carving Good SB 2 NT Dunglass Burn Possible anthropogenic deposits Poor SB 35 (NT77SE13) NT Dunglass Dean Fort, cists Poor SB 36 (NT77SE70) NT Reed Point Platforms SB 37 (NT77SE78) NT Cove Village Good SB 38 (NT77SE34) NT Cove Coal mine 14th- 18th C SB 102 (NT77SE60) NT Gutcher's Hole Harbour SB 116 (NT77SE60) NT Gutcher's Hole Harbour Good 102
12 Built Heritage & Archaeology East Lothian - Scottish Borders Map 8 Map 7 EL158 EL159 EL160 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c EL56 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 EL161 EL162 EL171 EL170 EL57 EL163 SB1 SB2 SB102 SB116 SB35 SB36 SB37 SB38 Map 9 Protected Ancient Monument or area of Designated Wreck Built Heritage & Archaeology Monument formally proposed by Historic Scotland for scheduling or wreck for designation Listed Historic Building Undesignated wreck Known ancient monument Site found by this survey Site complex
13 Hinterland Geology & East Lothian - Scottish Borders Coastal Geomorphology Map 8 1. Thorntonloch NT km Mosty Sand Coast edge >5m Drift The foreshore is characterised by a sandy beach. The edge rises over 5m here to form high cliffs. The hinterland is farmed. 2. Dunglass NT km Rock Platform Coast edge >5m Drift The foreshore is rock platform with some cobble cover over most of the section. There is a storm beach between Bilsdean and Dunglass. The coast edge is high cliffs. The hinterland is farmed. 104
14 Hinterland Geology & Coastal Geomorphology East Lothian - Scottish Borders Map 8 1 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb Foreshore Rock platform Mainly sand Mainly alluvial/marine mud Modifiers Low edge <5m Cliff >5m Man made barrier Marsh Shingle/storm bank Human disturbance Hinterland Drift Drift on visible rock Raised beach etc Blown sand Glacial sand/gravel Alluvium
15 Erosion Class 1. Lawfield NT km Stable The coast edge in this section is composed of high steeply sloping or near vertical grassy cliffs. There are very occasional areas of erosion, however these are localised and limited to exposures which are less than 10m in length. These exposures are generally high on the cliff sides and do not appear to have been caused by wave action or other coastal processes. It is conjectured that they are the result of slippage of steep areas of soil, perhaps caused by factors such as rabbit burrowing and heavy rain. 2. Birnieknowes NT km Definitely Eroding The coast edge here is definitely eroding. Fresh exposures are visible and the tallards of soil visible elsewhere have been removed by coastal processes. East Lothian - Scottish Borders Map 8 3. Dunglass NT km Stable The coast edge in this section is composed of high steeply sloping or near vertical grassy cliffs. There are very occasional areas of erosion, however these are localised and limited to exposures which are less than 10m in length. These exposures are generally high on the cliff sides and do not appear to have been caused by wave action or other coastal processes. It is conjectured that they are the result of slippage of steep areas of soil, perhaps caused by factors such as rabbit burrowing and heavy rain. One area of erosion has been marked on the map, however this is limited in scale; it is located directly on the coast edge. 106
16 Erosion Class East Lothian - Scottish Borders Map Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb Erosion Class Definitely Accreting Accreting or Stable Stable Eroding or Stable Definitely Eroding Accreting and Eroding No access Land below 10m
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18 Map 9: Cove Harbour to Siccar Point From Cove Harbour, the Southern Uplands run to the coast edge to form high coastal cliffs of 50m and more in height surrounding the headland of Hawk's Heugh. Dropping back at Pease Bay, with its expansive, armoured sandy beach, the cliff edge again rises to the east and increases in height from Pealands Banks to the end of this section at Siccar Point. Modern settlement is sparse and concentrated on the lower ground around Pease Bay. The hinterland is divided in a combination of arable and rough grazing land. Of the fourteen sites recorded here, all had been reported previously. At Hawk's Heugh there is a concentration of probable WWII remains associated with a radar station (SB5), although dense vegetation here acts as an impediment to site visibility. St. Helen's Church and graveyard (SB6) stand now in isolation behind the cliffs at Old Cambus and are in a poor condition. The graveyard is overgrown and no trace could be found of the hogback gravestones which have been recorded here previously. The remains of a promontory fort are located on Siccar Point (SB7) and this elevated position was again used during WWII, probably as a look-out (SB8). 109
19 Built Heritage & Scottish Borders Archaeology Map 9 SB 3 (NT77SE ) NT Listed Cove Harbour Harbour, pier, tunnel, cottages Fair SB 4 NT Hawk's Heugh Track Fair SB 5 (NT77SE ) NT Hawk's Heugh WWII remains: Radar Station Fair/poor SB 6 (NT87SW1.0) NT Sch/Listed A 382 St. Helen's Church Church, graveyard 10th- 14th C/14th- 18th C Fair/Poor SB 7 (NT87SW9) NT Siccar Point Promontory Fort 1st mill BC - 1st mill AD Fair SB 8 (see NT87SW17) NT Siccar Point WWII Structures Fair SB 39 (NT77SE99) NT Heathery Heugh House Good SB 40 (NT77SE98) NT Heathery Heugh House Good SB 41 (NT77SE ) NT Hawk's Heugh WWII Radar Station Poor SB 42 (NT77SE8005) NT Pease Bay Shipwreck SB 43 (NT87SW7) NT Old Cambus Dean Cist SB 44 (NT87SW12/14) NT Old Cambus Deserted medieval village 10th- 14th C AD SB 45 (NT87SW5) NT Old Cambus Dean Cists SB 46 (NT87SW8) NT Old Cambus Dean Cists 110
20 Built Heritage & Archaeology Scottish Borders Map 9 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c Map 8 SB3 SB39 SB41 SB4, SB5 SB40 SB42 SB43 SB44 SB6 SB45 SB8 SB7 SB46 Map 10 Protected Ancient Monument or area of Designated Wreck Built Heritage & Archaeology Monument formally proposed by Historic Scotland for scheduling or wreck for designation Listed Historic Building Undesignated wreck Known ancient monument Site found by this survey Site complex
21 Hinterland Geology & Scottish Borders Coastal Geomorphology Map 9 1. Big Hurker NT km Rock Platform Coast edge >5m Drift Foreshore is characterised by rock platform with occasional cobble cover. The coast edge is high, formed by tall grassy cliffs. Hinterland is farmed. 2. Pease Sands NT km Mostly Sand Coast edge <5m Blown Sand The foreshore in this section is sand. The edge is low but armoured by concrete sea walling, some gabion cages on the banks of a stream. There is a substantial caravan park in the hinterland here and there seeems to have been much landscaping associated with its construction. 3. Siccar Point NT km Rock Platform Coast edge >5m Drift Foreshore is characterised by rock platform with occasional cobble cover. The coast edge is high, formed by tall grassy cliffs. Hinterland is farmed. 112
22 Hinterland Geology & Coastal Geomorphology Scottish Borders Map 9 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] c Rock platform Low edge <5m Foreshore Mainly sand Mainly alluvial/marine mud Modifiers Cliff >5m Man made barrier Marsh Shingle/storm bank Human disturbance Hinterland Drift Drift on visible rock Raised beach etc Blown sand Glacial sand/gravel Alluvium
23 Erosion Class 1. Greenheugh point NT km Stable The coast edge in this section is composed of high steeply sloping or near vertical grassy cliffs. There are very occasional areas of erosion, however these are localised and limited to exposures which are less than 10m in length. These exposures are generally high on the cliff sides and do not appear to have been caused by wave action or other coastal processes. It is conjectured that they are the result of slippage of steep areas of soil, perhaps caused by factors such as rabbit burrowing and heavy rain. Scottish Borders Map 9 The coast edge at Pease Sands is low lying but protected by concrete armouring. A large caravan park is located in the hinterland here. 114
24 Erosion Class Scottish Borders Map 9 Scale: 1:25,000 Date: Feb 2006 Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Historic Scotland Licence No [2006] 1 c Erosion Class Definitely Accreting Accreting or Stable Stable Eroding or Stable Definitely Eroding Accreting and Eroding No access Land below 10m
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