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1 Name: 1) Which event is the best example of erosion? dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack rolling of a pebble along the bottom of a stream crumbling of bedrock in one area to form soil 2) Which graph best represents the relationship between the discharge of a stream and the velocity of stream flow? 3) Which graph best represents the relationship between the slope of a river and the particle size that can be transported by that river? 4) The largest particles that a stream deposits as it enters a pond are 8 centimeters in diameter. The minimum velocity of the stream is approximately 300 cm/sec 200 cm/sec 100 cm/sec 400 cm/sec 5) What is the minimum water velocity needed in a stream to maintain the transportation of the smallest boulder? 500 cm/sec 200 cm/sec 100 cm/sec 300 cm/sec 6) A stream flowing at a velocity of 75 centimeters per second can transport pebbles, only pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only clay, only boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay 7) The largest sediment particles that can be transported by a stream traveling at a velocity of 200 centimeters per second are sand pebbles cobbles boulders 8) What is the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream that has a velocity of 125 cm/sec? pebbles clay cobbles sand Page 1
2 Questions 9 through 11 refer to the following: The diagram below shows a meandering stream. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate locations on the streambed. 12) Four quartz samples of equal size and shape were placed in a stream. Which of the four quartz samples below has most likely been transported farthest in the stream? Page 2 13) The landscape diagram below shows a fan-shaped pattern of sediment deposits. 9) What are the largest particles that the stream shown can transport when its velocity is 200 centimeters per second? silt cobbles sand pebbles 10) A decrease in the velocity of the stream shown will most likely cause an increase in abrasion of the stream channel the size of the particles carried by the stream the amount of sediment carried by the stream deposition within the stream channel 11) At which two locations in the diagram is the rate of erosion greater than the rate of deposition? A and B C and D D and A B and C The fan-shaped pattern of these sediments is most likely the result of deposition by prevailing winds ocean waves running water glacial ice
3 14) The cross section below shows a stream flowing downhill. Points A through D are locations in the stream Page 3 16) Which profile best shows the general depositional pattern that occurs when water from a stream enters the ocean? At which point would most deposition occur? A B C D 15) The cross section below shows a profile of a sediment deposit. The pattern of sediment size shown indicates that these sediments were most likely deposited within a moraine landslide drumlin delta 17) A river's velocity slows from 100 to 50 centimeters per second at a point in its channel. Which statement best describes the transport and deposition of particles at this point? Clay and smaller silt stay in transport; some silt is deposited. Clay, silt, sand, pebbles, and smaller cobbles stay in transport; some cobbles are deposited. Clay, silt, sand, and smaller pebbles stay in transport; some pebbles are deposited. Clay, silt, and smaller sand stay in transport; some sand is deposited.
4 18) A stream flowing at a velocity of 250 centimeters per second is transporting sediment particles ranging in size from clay to cobbles. Which transported particles will be deposited by the stream if its velocity decreases to 100 centimeters per second? cobbles and some pebbles, only cobbles, only cobbles, pebbles, and some sand, only cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay 19) A stream is transporting the particles W, X, Y, and Z, shown below Page 4 20) The map below shows a meandering river. Points A and B are locations on the banks of the river. Which particle will most likely settle to the bottom first as the velocity of this stream decreases? W Y X Z What are the dominant processes occurring at locations A and B? deposition at both locations A and B erosion at location A; deposition at location B deposition at location A; erosion at location B erosion at both locations A and B
5 21) The map below shows the bend of a large meandering stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. Letters A, B, and C are positions on the streambed where erosion and deposition data were collected. 22) The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom Page 5 Which table best represents the locations where erosion and deposition are dominant and where an equilibrium exists between the two processes? [A check mark ( ) represents the dominant process for each lettered location.] At which location is the greatest amount of sediment most likely being deposited? A B C D 23) A meandering stream deposits most of its sediments on the inside of meanders where the stream flows slower outside of meanders where the stream flows faster inside of meanders where the stream flows faster outside of meanders where the stream flows slower 24) Deposition within a meandering stream usually occurs on the inside of the curves because the stream gradient increases water is deeper stream is narrower water velocity decreases
6 25) The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. Questions 27 through 29 refer to the following: Page 6 The diagram below shows a coastal region in which the land slopes toward the ocean. Point X is near the top of the hill, point Y is at the base of the hill, and point Z is a location at sea level. The same type of surface bedrock underlies this entire region. A stream flows from point X through point Y to point Z. This stream is not shown in the diagram. The streambank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the streambank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving slower, causing deposition slower, causing erosion faster, causing erosion faster, causing deposition 26) The diagram below shows a laboratory stream table. A mixture of sediment was placed on the stream table. A short time after the faucet was turned on, a deposit of sediment began forming at location X at the lower end of the stream table. What is the name of the stream feature forming at location X? meander delta V-shaped valley floodplain
7 27) Which of the following diagrams best shows the most probable path of the stream flowing from point X to point Z? Page 7 29) Which cross section best shows the pattern of sediments deposited by the stream as it enters the ocean near point Z on the diagram shown? 28) Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y on the diagram shown, the stream velocity between point Y and point Z is most likely greater, since the slope of the land decreases less, since the slope of the land decreases greater, since the slope of the land increases less, since the slope of the land increases
8 Questions 30 through 32 refer to the following: The diagram below shows a model used to investigate the erosional-depositional system of a stream. The model was tilted to create a gentle slope, and a hose supplied water to form the meandering stream shown. 31) Which diagram best represents the arrangement of large, L, and small, S, sediment deposited as the stream created in the given model enters the water basin? Page 8 32) Which diagram best represents where erosion, E, and deposition, D, are most likely occurring along the curves of the meandering stream created in the model shown? 30) How can the given model be changed to increase the amount of sediment transported by the stream? decrease the temperature of the sediment increase the rate of the water flow decrease the slope increase the size of the sediment Questions 33 and 34 refer to the following: Diagrams A, B, and C below represent three different river valleys.
9 33) Most sediments found on the floodplain shown in diagram A are likely to be rounded and weathered from bedrock upstream angular and weathered from bedrock upstream angular and weathered from underlying bedrock rounded and weathered from underlying bedrock 34) Which bar graph best represents the relative gradients of the main rivers shown in diagrams A, B, and C? Page 9 35) The model shown below illustrates stream erosion between locations A and B in the stream. Placing a second block under location A will cause the stream's velocity to increase and the rate of erosion to increase decrease and the rate of erosion to increase decrease and the rate of erosion to decrease increase and the rate of erosion to decrease
10 36) The map below represents Long Island, New York. AB, CD, EF, and GH are reference lines on the map Page 10 A major difference between sediments in the outwash and sediments in the moraines shown on the given map is that the sediments deposited in the outwash are larger more angular older sorted Questions 37 through 39 refer to the following: On the diagram below, the arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
11 37) Which of the following events will most likely occur in the given environment during a heavy rainfall? The discharge from the streams into the lagoon will increase. An increase in sea level will cause more sediments to be deposited along the shoreline. Less sediment will be carried by the streams. The shoreline will experience a greater range in tides. 38) The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon shown in the diagram are most likely sorted and not layered unsorted and not layered sorted and layered unsorted and layered 39) The groin structure in the given diagram will change the pattern of deposition along the shoreline, initially causing the beach to become wider on the eastern side of the groin wider on both sides of the groin wider on the western side of the groin narrower on both sides of the groin Page 11 Questions 40 and 41 refer to the following: The block diagram below represents the landscape features associated with a meandering stream. WX is the location of a cross section. Location A indicates a landscape feature.
12 40) Which particle of quartz shows evidence of being transported the farthest distance by the stream shown on the given block diagram? Page 12 41) Which cross section best represents the shape of the stream bottom at WX on the given block diagram?
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