The Rocks of Harriman State Park
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1 The Rocks of Harriman State Park Talk with the Experts American Canoe Association Bill Menke Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University July 23, 2016
2 Part 1 Everything Changes
3 Very Old
4 Great Pyramid at Giza roughly 5000 years old
5 1 pyramid 5000 years
6 Imagine what Harriman State Park was like 4 Pyramids Ago? (20,000 years)
7 Whitetail Deer
8 Whitetail Deer
9 Greenland Ice Sheet
10 Absolutely nothing lived in the Harriman Park 20,000 years ago
11
12 Harriman State Park
13 Twenty Thousand Years not all that long ago
14 200 pyramids = One Million Years
15 One Million Years
16 Death of the Dinosaurs 65 Million Years ago 65 boxes of 200 pyramids
17 Part 2 Rocks tell a Story
18 but an incomplete story
19 Erosion destroys rocks but also brings them to the Earth s surface
20 Erosion destroys rocks Bad for Geologists but also brings them to the Earth s surface Good for Geologists
21 2 inches in 20,000 years 40,000 inches in 400 Million Years
22 2 inches in 20,000 years 100,000 inches in 1000 Million Years About a mile and a half!
23 How can you erode a half mile off the land without it being underwater?
24
25
26
27
28
29 Part 3 The Age of Bacteria (and not much else) 1000 million years ago
30 Era when most of Harriman Park rocks were formed Two major rock types
31
32 Gneiss
33
34 Granite
35 Gneiss A Metamorphic Rock Banded Brown or Grey in Color Layers of sand and clay Deeply buried and cooked (metamorphosed) by heat and pressure Granite An Igneous Rock No bands White or beige in Color Solidified molten rock Very hard to erode so tends to form hilltops (Bear Mountain, Popolopen Torne, etc)
36 Originally layers of sand and clay. Formed at surface of earth Gneiss Might there have been living things?
37 Graphite (pure carbon) all that s left of life
38 Gneiss
39 Gneiss Folds
40 solid rock. acting like dough
41 Needs to be deeply buried say 5 miles to get hot enough to be metamorphosed and folded Gneiss when was it buried?
42 Granite An Igneous Rock Very hot conditions think volcano Which is older? Gneiss, or Granite?
43 Claudius Smith Den
44
45
46
47 Granite Geological Logic The granite cuts the gneiss so the gneiss is the older Gneiss furthermore the fold were already formed when the granite was emplaced so the gneiss was already deep underground before the granite was formed
48 Geologists have been able to determine the age of the granite about 1000 million years so the sediments that formed the gneiss are older than that
49 Part 4 The Age of Dinosaurs (and many other animals) 200 Million years ago
50 Aerial view of Harriman State Park
51 Lake Tiorati Lake Welch Stony Point Tuxedo Park ACA Pomona Sloatsburg
52 do you see the lines? of hills and valleys?
53
54 Lines are Geological Faults
55 Right-most is the Ramapo Fault
56 With some effort you can work out the direction the land moved
57
58
59
60 Slickenslides grooves from fault motion
61 When was the faulting?
62
63 Boulders in sandstone
64 rock debris coming out of a steep stream valley into a low lying area
65 look what else you find in the sandstones
66 so the faulting looks to have occurred during the age of the dinosaurs 200 million years ago
67 so the faulting looks to have occurred during the age of the dinosaurs 200 million years ago
68 Part 5 The Ice Age which ended 20,000 years ago
69 Glacier in Iceland
70 Glacial scratches
71
72
73
74
75
76 Boulder carried by glacier Erratic Boulders
77 Harriman State Park
78 Do you recognize this rock?
79 Bearford Mountain
80
81 Fort Lee Historic Little Park Tor
82 Looks like granite from Harriman park Fort Lee Historic Little Park Tor
83 Harriman Park as Fort seen Lee from Historic Little Park Tor
84
85 Steep downstream slope Glacially Plucked Cliff
86 Steep downstream slope Glacier in Iceland
87 Claudius Smith Den
88 Pine Meadow Lake
89 The Kitchen Stairs
90 So when you walk around the Park Listen to the Story told by the Rocks!
91 and great talking with you!
92 Addendum There s gold in them there hills!
93 Addendum There s gold in them there hills! iron
94 Southfield Iron Furnace
95 Carbon Dioxide Iron Ore Limestone Charcoal fill up the furnace Set it afire! Molten Slag Molten Iron
96 Hudson River Chain, Revoutionary War
97 Magnetite (Iron Ore)
98 The magnetite occurs in small veins usually near the granites geologists are not sure why it formed
99 Slag (waste product of refining process)
100 Tailings Pile of Black Ash Mine
101 Black Ash Mine
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