Guided Notes Surface Processes. Erosion & Deposition By: Glaciers

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1 Guided Notes Surface Processes Erosion & Deposition By: Glaciers K. Coder 2015

2 26) How does moving ice erode and deposit sediments? Glaciers (Movement of Ice): a naturally formed mass of ice and snow that moves downhill on land under the influence of gravity K. Coder 2015

3 28) How do glaciers move? Glaciers will advance (move forward) when there is more snow accumulating than melting. Glacier will retreat (move backward) when there is more melting than snow accumulating. K. Coder 2015

4 29) What evidence do we have of glacial erosion? a) Striations: parallel scratches on bedrock Formed when rocks that are transported on the bottom of the glacier leaves scratches and grooves in the bedrock over which they pass. Indicate the direction the glacier moved.

5 29) What evidence do we have of glacial erosion? b) U-shaped Valley: when a glacier moves down a mountain valley, the glacier and its load of sediment pluck, scrape, and scour the sides of the valley changing its profile to a broader U-shape.

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7 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? a) Till: unsorted, unlayered glacial sediments that are deposited directly by a glacier.

8 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? b) Moraine: a hill of till deposited directly from an edge or bottom of a glacier An exposed area of the Harbor Hill Moraine (Long Island, NY) K. Coder 2015

9 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? c) Outwash plain: horizontal sorted layers of glacial material in front of the glacier, formed by the meltwater of the glacier Moraine Outwash plain

10 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? d) Drumlin: glacial hills of unsorted, unlayered sediment that are shaped like the back of a spoon by the ice Indicates the direction of glacial movement (toward the gentle slope). Glacier movement

11 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? e) Kettle lake: when blocks of ice are left behind, form a depression, and melt. If they the meltwater hits the water table, a lake will form. Example in NY: Lake Ronkonkoma (Long Island) K. Coder 2015

12 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? f) Erratic: rocks that have been transported to an area (type of rock not normally found in that area) Example in NY: Many glacial erratic found in Central Park

13 Central Park, NYC Glacial Erratic

14 30) What landscape features are evidence that glaciers deposited sediments? g) Glacial Lakes 1. New York State Finger Lakes: Lakes that fill in long, deep, U-shaped valleys. Indicate direction of glacier movement (in a north-south position). K. Coder 2015

15 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 1. The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the (1) age of the glacier (2) direction the glacier has moved (3) thickness of the glacier (4) rate at which the glacier is melting

16 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 2. Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts? (1) drumlin (3) kettle lake (2) moraine (4) finger lake

17 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 3. The ridge of sediments from X to Y can best be described as (1) sorted and deposited by ice (3) unsorted and deposited by ice (2) sorted and deposited by meltwater (4) unsorted and deposited by meltwater

18 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 4. Describe one difference between the arrangement of sediment in the moraines and the arrangement of sediment in the outwash plain.

19 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 5. Describe one piece of evidence likely to be found on the exposed bedrock surfaces that could indicate the direction this glacier moved.

20 Review Glaciers The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. 6. The diagram below shows a partial cross section of a valley. On this diagram, draw a line beginning at X and ending at Y to show the shape of this valley after it was eroded by glacial ice that flowed down the valley. K. Coder 2015

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