Curs II Dinamica spaţiului disponibil al sedimentării -noţiuni de stratigrafie secvenţială- modele diferite
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1 Curs II Dinamica spaţiului disponibil al sedimentării -noţiuni de stratigrafie secvenţială- modele diferite Lect. Dr. R. D. Roban
2 STRATIGRAFIA SECVENŢIALĂ, o derivată a stratigrafiei seismice, (Vail et al., 1977) reprezintă o ramură a stratigrafiei care se ocupă cu corelarea regională, locală şi inter-regională, prin subdivizarea succesiunii stratigrafice într-un număr de secvenţe depoziţionale alcătuite din unităţi înrudite genetic. (Haq, 1991)
3 Johanes Walter (1894): succesiunile verticale de faciesuri s-au acumulat în medii depoziţionale care au fost adiacente a fost enuntata astfel pentru prima dată ipoteza progradării şi retrogradării
4 Factori de control Perspective view of the variation in sequence architecture as a function of the three major parameters: sea level, tectonics and sediment supply. All models represent 10 Ma). Steckler et al, 1993
5 Spaţiul disponibil de acumulare a sedimentelor (accomodation) Nivelul de bază : suprafaţă de echilibru între eroziune şi depunere. Poate fi asemuită cu nivelul mării Schimbarea nivelului mării reprezintă un efect al eustatismului. Schimbarea nivelului relativ al mării reprezintă un efect combinat al eustatismului şi al tectonicii (înalţare sau coborâre prin subsidenţă). Schimbarea nivelului de bază reprezină efectul combinat al eustatismului, tectonicii si energiei de bazin (valuri şi curenţi). Modificarea sa, poate creea sau consuma spatiul disponibil al acumularii iar aportul de sedimente oricât de mica ar fi rata, conduce la consumarea acestui spaţiu Cătuneanu, (2003)
6 Nivel de baza si rata schimbarii nivelului de baza Conceptele transgresiunii şi regresiunii normale şi forţate, definite prin combinaţia schimbării nivelului de bază şi sedimentare. Prima curba sinuasă arată magnitudinea schimbării nivelului de bază în timp. Porţiunea îngroşată pe această curbă indică stadiul timpuriu şi târziu al ridicării nivelului de bază, când rata ridicării nivelului de bază creşte de la 0 şi descreşte până la 0, este depăşită de rata sedimentară. A II-a curbă sinuasă arată rata schimbării nivelului de bază. Rata schimbării nivelului de bază este mai mare la punctele de inflexiune în partea superioară. Pentru simplificare rata de sedimentare este constantă în timpul schimbării nivelului de bază. Transgresiunea are loc atunci când ridicarea niv. de bază depaşeşte rata de sedimentare, Cătuneanu, (2003)
7 Transgresiuni si regresiuni Cătuneanu (2006)
8 Retrogradarea si progradarea faciesurilor. Suprafaţa de maximă inundare separă geometriile retrogradaţionale de cele progradaţionale, Cătuneanu (2003)
9 Ord. Durata (ma) Denumire Corespondent depozitional I > 50 Ciclu galactic (geotectonic) Megathem = Megasecventa II 3-50 Superciclu (transgresiv-regresiv) Sinthem = Supersecventa secvente ciclice ( m) III Ciclu eustatic (ss) ( m) Mezothem = Secventa depozitionala IV Paraciclu (1-4 m) Ciclothem = Parasecventa V Ciclu orbital (Milancovitch Seturi de strate (cm-m) VI < 0,02 Microcicluri (termen scurt) Lamine, varve (1 cm)
10 Cicluri de diferite ordine de marime
11 Parasecvenţa - succesiune relativ conformă de strate şi seturi de strate, înrudite genetic, mărginită de suprafeţe marine de inundare şi suprafeţe corelative. Parasecvenţa poate avea un aspect progradaţional, retrogradational si agradational, Van Wagoner, at SEPM's (1985 Midyear Meeting).
12 Sloss, (1949, 1963), a definit secvenţa ca o unitate stratigrafică limitată de suprafeţe neconforme subaeriene. Cătuneanu, (2003)
13 Secvente depozitionale diferite modele Cătuneanu, (2003)
14 SD II Lowstand Systems Tract Lowstand Fan (Basin Floor Fan), Posamentier and Vail, 1988.
15 SD II Lowstand Systems Tract Lowstand Wedge. Posamentier and Vail, 1988.
16 SD II Transgressive-Systems Tract. Posamentier and Vail, 1988.
17 SD II Highstand systems tract, Posamentier and Vail,1988.
18 Stratal patterns in a sequence deposited in a basin with a shelf break (Van Wagoner et al., 1988)
19 Secvente depozitionale diferite Cătuneanu, (2006)
20 Tipurile de limite in stratigrafia secventiala, Catuneanu, 2006
21 Secventa depozitionala IV Hunt si Tucker, 1992, 1995 Plint si Nummedal, 2000 Catuneanu, 2006 Arhitectura regională a sistemelor depoziţionale, a cortegiilor sedimentare şi a suprafeţelor stratigrafice (morfologia conurilor submarine este după Emery şi Myers, din Cătuneanu, 2003-o reprelucrare a modlului Hunt şi Tucker, 1992).
22
23 HST Normal regressive deltaic succession (river-dominated delta), showing a conformable transition from shallowmarine muds and sands (shelf, prodelta, delta front) to coastal and fluvial deposits (Ferron Sandstone, Utah). Cătuneanu, (2006)
24 Secventa depozitionala IV Hunt si Tucker, 1992, 1995 Plint si Nummedal, 2000 Catuneanu, 2006 Arhitectura regională a sistemelor depoziţionale, a cortegiilor sedimentare şi a suprafeţelor stratigrafice (morfologia conurilor submarine este după Emery şi Myers, din Cătuneanu, 2003-o reprelucrare a modlului Hunt şi Tucker, 1992).
25 Cătuneanu, (2006)
26 FSST Modern forced regressive delta showing offlapping stratal stacking patterns (photo courtesy of J. England). In this case, the fall in base level is triggered by post-glacial isostatic rebound in the Canadian arctics, at a rate that exceeds the rate of present day sea-level rise. Cătuneanu (2006)
27 FSST Forced regressive, wave-dominated shoreface sands (with A swaley crossstratification) abruptly overlying inner shelf interbedded sands and muds (B). The upper shoreface sands (A) are sharpbased due to wave scouring in the lower shoreface during base-level fall. The exposed section below the wave scour is approximately 2 m thick.blackhawk Formation, Utah.
28 FSST Forced regressive, river-dominated deltaic succession (Panther Tongue, Utah). conformable shift of facies from prodelta to the overlying delta front deposits. The delta front sands are gradationally based, as no wave scouring took place during the progradation of the delta. Cătuneanu (2006)
29 Secventa depozitionala IV Hunt si Tucker, 1992, 1995 Plint si Nummedal, 2000 Catuneanu, 2006 Arhitectura regională a sistemelor depoziţionale, a cortegiilor sedimentare şi a suprafeţelor stratigrafice (morfologia conurilor submarine este după Emery şi Myers, din Cătuneanu, 2003-o reprelucrare a modlului Hunt şi Tucker, 1992).
30
31 Secventa depozitionala IV Hunt si Tucker, 1992, 1995 Plint si Nummedal, 2000 Catuneanu, 2006 Arhitectura regională a sistemelor depoziţionale, a cortegiilor sedimentare şi a suprafeţelor stratigrafice (morfologia conurilor submarine este după Emery şi Myers, din Cătuneanu, 2003-o reprelucrare a modlului Hunt şi Tucker, 1992).
32
33 Cătuneanu, (2006)
34 Sequence Stratigraphy - Models Comparison mfs HST cc rs LSTa LSTb TST ts HST mfs rs FSST TST ts cc LST
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