Antarctica & Greenland, Theory & Observations
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1 Ocean-Ice Interactions: Antarctica & Greenland, Theory & Observations Keck Institute for Space Studies September 9, 2013 David HOLLAND New York University + Abu Dhabi
2 0 Overview: Ocean-Ice Interface
3 Delivery of Water Masses NASA
4 Scope of Interaction with Outlet Glaciers
5 Prototypical Field Sites Glacial Water: Jakobshavn Isbrae Cold Water: McMurdo Ice Shelf Warm Water: Pine Island Glacier Google
6 Nomenclature: Sea Ice Ocean Atmosphere Ice Front Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Slope Cavity Front Grounding Line Bedrock
7 Nomenclature: Southern Hemisphere Water Masses Polar Surface Waters Circumpolar Deep Water or Warm Deep Water (WDW) Antarctic Bottom Water
8 Nomenclature: Northern Hemisphere Water Masses Polar Surface Waters Irminger Waters or Atlantic Layer Waters North Atlantic Deep Water
9 Nomenclature: Continental Shelf Water Masses High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) Ice Shelf Water (ISW)
10 Nomenclature: Glacial Hydrology Moulins Subglacial Meltwater
11 Primary Objective: Position of the Ocean-Ice Interface
12 A) Basal Melting molecular exchange
13 Three Modes of Basal Melting
14 B) Ice Front Calving reduces backpressure
15 A Mode of Ice Front Calving
16 1 Ocean-Ice Melting: Theoretical Background
17 Basal Melting: Viscous-Sublayer Model Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
18 Heat Fluxes Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
19 Viscous Sublayer Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
20 One-Equation Formulation Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
21 Two-Equation Formulation Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
22 Heat Flux Parameterization Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
23 Salt Fluxes Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
24 Three-Equation Formulation Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
25 Exchange Coefficients Parameterization Holland & Jenkins, JPO, 1999
26 2 Cold Water Interaction: Classic Ice Pump
27 Ice Pump Circulation: Intrinsic to Mode 1 Waters
28 Ice Front Circulation: Intrinsic to Mode 3 Waters
29 Observations of Mode 3 Interaction Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
30 McMurdo Ice Shelf: Windless Bight (WB) Field Site * Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
31 Modeled Temperatures McMurdo Ice Shelf M. Dinniman, ROMS output, 2012
32 Distributed Temperature Sensing
33 Optical Fiber Installation Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
34 Year-Long Temperature Profile Optical Fiber Observation Numerical Model Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
35 Melt Rate Estimation: Two-Equation Formulation Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
36 Melt Rate Comparison: Numerical Model vs. Optical Fibre Numerical Model Optical Fiber Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
37 Sensitivity of Basal Melt Rates: Mode 3 Intrusion Stern et al., submitted JGR, 2013
38 3 Warm Water Interaction: Basal Channels
39 Basal Channelization of PIG: Evident from DEM Dutrieux et al., TCD, 2013
40 Numerical Modeling of Basal Channels Gladish et al., J. Glaciology, 2012
41 Basal Channel Numerical Model: Gladish et al., J. Glaciology, 2012
42 Three-Equation Basal Melt Formulation Gladish et al., J. Glaciology, 2012
43 Simulation of Basal Channels Gladish et al., J. Glaciology, 2012
44 Planned Observations of Channelized Basal PIG Hot Water Drilling
45 Getting to PIG
46 S, in Jan PIG Drill Sites: A, B, C, during Jan 2013 Stanton et al., Science, 2013
47 PIG Logistics: Helicopter Luggage, Jan 2013
48 Observations of Melt-Rate Related PIG Stanton et al., Science, 2013
49 Comparison Observational and Modelled Basal Melt PIG Numerical Model Altimeter Stanton et al., Science, 2013
50 4 Glacial Water Interaction: Fjord Flushing
51 Virtual Fly-In to Jakobshavn NASA
52 Boat-based CTD Survey: Fjord Mouth
53 Boat-based CTD Survey: Fjord Mouth
54 CTD Timeseries: Moorings
55 Airborne Temperature Probe: Target Drop Location
56 Airborne Temperature Probe:
57 Airborne XCP Probe:
58 Alternate Approach: Tagged Seals
59 Alternate Approach: Tagged Seals
60 Three-Year Observational Record Gladish et al, in prep., 2013
61 Ocean-Ice Fjord Model: MITgcm Gladish et al, in prep., 2013
62 Numerical Simulation: Fjord Flushing Gladish et al, in prep., 2013
63 5 Summary
64 Ocean-Ice Interactions Basal Melting: Cold Water - Classic Ice Pump Warm Water Basal Channels Glacial Water Fjord Flushing Ice-Front Calving: Weak theoretical and observational foundation
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