Unit C Review Notes. Theory of Deep Time

Transcription

1 Unit C Review Ntes Thery f Deep Time Types f evidence: Anecdtal vs. Instrumental Direct vs. Indirect Relative dating vs. radiactive dating Steps t calculating the age f a mineral using radiactive dating: Step ne: Find the element n the elements fr radiactive dating table, and determine if it is the parent r daughter (decay) nuclide Step tw: Determine the percentage f remaining parent material in sme cases, this will be given t yu in ther cases, yu will be given the percentage f the decay (daughter) nuclide, and the parent s percentage can be fund by subtracting the daughter s percentage frm 100% Step three: Using the decay curve, determine the number f half-lives this percentage crrespnds t Step fur: Multiply that number f half-lives by the apprximate half-life listed n the elements fr radiactive dating fr that element Structure f the Earth layers, densities, relative thicknesses cnvectin currents plate tectnics palemagnetism rck cycle Creatin theries catastrphism unifrmitarianism James Huttn Alfred Wevener (Pangaea) Plate interactins cnvergent divergent transfrm subductin (label diagram) Frmatin f the Rcky Muntains Earthquakes vcab: fault, subductin, epicenter, fcus P-waves, S-waves, Surface waves Finding the epicenter Finding the Richter Magnitude Tsunamis Advantages and Disadvantages f Earthquake Warning Systems Gelgical timeline what defines an era, perid and epch Precambrian Era strmatlites / cyanbacteria Snwball Earth Palezic Era Cambrian Explsin ammnite frmatin f fssil fuels frmatin f Pangaea Permian mass extinctin Meszic Era Cretaceus mass extinctin (dinsaurs) Cenzic Era dawn f mammals Pleistcene ice age evidence fr trpical Alberta Imprtant fssils Burgess Shale trilbite, Canadia, Hallucigenia tnguestne index fssils stratigraphic sequencing Climate change rle f CO 2 ther explanatins fr climate change cean cnveyr why the current cncern

2 Science 20 Unit C Review Wrksheet 1. Matching Match the fllwing fssil types with the example that best fits. a. Mld b. Trace c. Resin d. Bdy 2. Describe the six steps required t frm tnguestne, starting frm the living rganism t the excavatin f the rck. 3. Multiple Chice A factr that likely led t the Cambrian explsin was a a. drastic cling f the glbal climate b. sudden increase in glbal temperatures c. meter impact d. sudden increase in phtsynthetic activity 4. What parent nuclide is used fr the dating f human remains? Is there a limit in its ability t prvide a reliable age f human remains? 5. A dinsaur fssil is fund cntaining 15% lead-207. a. Hw ld is the fssil? b. What era and perid is the fssil frm? c. What cnclusin can yu make abut the size and lifestyle f that dinsaur? 6. Multiple Chice Order the frmatin f rck types in the rck cycle frm the cling f magma t the melting f rck a. Igneus sedimentary metamrphic b. Sedimentary metamrphic igneus c. Metamrphic sedimentary igneus d. Igneus metamrphic sedimentary 7. Suppse a sudden influx f melted glacier water caused the cean cnveyr t shut dwn. What wuld be the impact n the climate in: a. the East cast f Canada? b. the West cast f France? 8. What tw factrs cause glbal cean currents?

3 9. If climate change has always ccurred, what tw factrs explain why scientists are cncerned abut tday s glbal warming? 10. Draw a diagram f the layers f the Earth and label them. Number them frm mst (1) t least dense (4). 11. Numerical Respnse 1. Surface wave 2. P-wave 3. S-wave Use the list abve t match the type f wave t its descriptin belw. Of the three types f waves during an earthquake, which ne mves fastest? (Recrd in the 1 st clumn) causes the mst damage t the fundatins f buildings? (Recrd in the 2 nd clumn) is mst likely t travel t the ther side f the planet thrugh the cre? (Recrd in the 3 rd clumn) is a transverse wave? (Recrd in the 4 th clumn) 12. Distinguish between the fcus and the epicenter f an earthquake. 13. Write a brief definitin fr: a. the Law f Superpsitin b. the thery f Unifrmitarianism c. the thery f Catastrphism 14. Multiple Chice Rck that frms when mlten magma frm the mantle intrudes int the crust and slidifies is a. igneus rck b. metamrphic rck c. sedimentary rck d. nne f the abve 15. Cite three pieces f evidence that indicate that Alberta was nce cvered by a warm, trpical sea. Indicate if they are indirect r direct evidence.

4 16. Multiple Chice The mst plastic part f the mantle is the a. asthensphere b. lithsphere c. messphere d. inner cre 17. Numerical Respnse After fur half lives, yu wuld expect t find a sample f rck t cntain % f the daughter nuclide. (Recrd yur 3 digit answer in the answer sheet prvided.) 18. What type f indirect evidence has been cllected that suggests a cnnectin between ur atmspheric CO2 levels and annual average temperatures? Hw is this evidence cllected? The fllwing are explanatins fr why Antarctica is the cldest place n Earth. i. Its cntinental ice sheet reflects the sun s rays back int space ii. It des nt receive warm water frm any part f the glbal cnveyr iii. It has always been as far away as pssible frm the equatr iv. It is unppulated by plants and animals 19. Multiple Chice Which f the abve explanatins are true? a. i and ii b. ii and iv c. iii nly d. i, ii, and iii e. ii nly 20. Why is the Burgess Shale internatinally recgnized as an imprtant gelgical site? Describe the events that led t the frmatin f the Burgess shale. 21. What are the requirements fr a gd index fssil? 22. The Thery f Pangaea is supprted by a wealth f scientific evidence. What wuld yu expect frm the fllwing evidence if the Thery is crrect? a. Alberta s fssil recrd b. a cmparisn f rck strata frm Western Eurpe and Eastern Canada c. a cmparisn f fssils frm Suth Africa and Suth America 23. A rck is fund cntaining 75% uranium-238. Hw ld is it? What era is it mst likely frm?

5 24. Describe what type f event ccurs t mark the end f: a. an era b. a perid c. an epch 25. Based n this map, a. where is the epicenter? b. which statin will recrd seismic activity first? c. which statin will recrd S-waves befre P-waves? d. which city will experience the least damage frm surface waves? 26. Multiple Chice Which f the fllwing is nt a thery fr the mass extinctin at the end f the Palezic Era? a. Vlcanic activity b. Widespread glaciatin c. Asterid r cmet d. Glbal warming 27. What is the mst significant event f each f these perids? a. Permian b. Triassic c. Carbniferus d. Cambrian e. Quaternary 28. Matching Match the cntributin f each f these fssils t ur understanding f the Cambrian perid: a. Hallucigenia an excellent index fssil that helps us age ther fssils frm this perid b. Trilbite an example f when fssils dn t prvide us with enugh infrmatin t make reasnably certain cnclusins c. Canadia an example f hw studying the present structures f animals gives us clues t the past