Ikiganiro ku ipfobya n ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Transcription

1 REPUBULIKA Y U RWANDA National Commission for the Fight against Genocide Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide Komisiyo y Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside -CNLG- Ikiganiro ku ipfobya n ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Ipfobya n ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni imwe mu ngaruka za Jenoside igihugu cyacu kigomba guhangana nayo, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose burimo no gukurikirana mu nkiko zo mu Rwanda n izo mu mahanga abarangwa n iyo myifatire mibi. Guhakana Jenoside, ni kimwe no gukora Jenoside kuko abahakana baba bifuza ko ukuri ku mitegurire n imigendekere ya Jenoside kutamenyekana, ahubwo bagakwirakwiza ibinyoma bagamije guhisha uruhare rwabo muri Jenoside. Muri iyi minsi ihakana n ipfobya bya Jenoside byafashe indi sura, kuko ikigamijwe atari uguhakana no gupfobya gusa, ahubwo iyo myifatire iba igamije gusenya ibyo Leta yayihagaritse yagezeho, no gutesha agaciro icyizere amahanga afitiye u Rwanda n abayobozi bakuru b igihugu. Leta y u Rwanda yiyemeje kurwanya ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nk imyifatire ibangamiye imibereho myiza y abanyarwanda, n ubumwe n ubwiyunge igihugu kimaze kugeraho. Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y u Rwanda ryo kuwa 04 Kamena 2003, nk uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu Mahame Remezo, Ingingo ya 9, ihame rya mbere Leta y u Rwanda igenderaho ni kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n ibyo igaragariramo byose. Iki kiganiro kiragagaza icyo ihakana n ipfobya aricyo, uburyo byigaragaza, ikibiranga, ingero z uko amategeko y amahanga ahana iyo myifatire n ingamba iguhugu kigomba gufata mu guhangana n ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 1

2 I. Uko amategeko y u Rwanda asobanura ihakana n ipfobya Itegeko n 84/2013 ryo kuwa 11/09/2013 ritanga ibisobanuro ku cyaha cy ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n ibindi byaha bifitanye isano nayo mu ngingo ya 5, 6, 7, na 11. Mu ngingo ya 5 y ryo tegeko, guhakana jenoside ni igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikozwe ku bushake kandi mu ruhame kigamije: 1 kuvuga cyangwa kugaragaza ko jenoside atari jenoside; 2 kugoreka ukuri kuri jenoside kugira ngo uyobye rubanda; 3 kwemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside ebyiri; 4 kuvuga cyangwa kugaragaza ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itateguwe. Na none mu ngingo ya 6 y iryo tegeko, gupfobya jenoside ni imyitwarire iyo ari yo yose igambiriwe kandi igaragajwe mu ruhame mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, igamije: 1 kugabanya uburemere cyangwa ingaruka ya jenoside; 2 koroshya uburyo jenoside yakozwemo. Umuntu wese, ukora igikorwa kivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, aba akoze icyaha cyo gupfobya jenoside. Ingingo ya 7 y iryo tegeko ivuga ko guha ishingiro jenoside ari igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikozwe ku bushake kandi mu ruhame kigamije: 1 gushimagiza jenoside; 2 gushyigikira jenoside; 3 kwemeza ko jenoside yari ifite ishingiro. Ingingo ya 11 y ryo tegeko iteganya icyaha cyo guhohotera uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside igasobanura ko ari kimwe mu byaha bigize ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Guhohotera uwacitse ku icumu ni imyitwarire cyangwa igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikozwe ku bushake, kigamije gutoteza, gutera ubwoba, gutesha agaciro, kwigamba, gushinyagurira, gutuka cyangwa kwangiza umutungo w umuntu bishingiye ko ari uwacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside. Ingingo ya 135 y igitabo cy amategeko ahana y u Rwanda iteganya ihanwa ry icyaha cy ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo harimo ifpbya n ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatautsi. Icyo cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) 2

3 kugeza ku myaka icyenda (9) n ihazabu y amafaranga y u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana ( ) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe ( ). Ingingo ya 12 y itegeko no 04/2011 ryo kuwa 21/03/2011 ryerekeye abinjira n abasohoka mu Rwanda iteganya ko umunyamahanga uhakana cyangwa upfobya Jenoside adahabwa viza cyangwa uruhushya rwo kuba mu Rwanda. II. Zimwe mu ngingo zikunze gukoreshwa n abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Ihakana n ipfobya bigaragarira mu bikorwa binyuranye: II.1 Kuvuga ko Jenoside itabayeho Bamwe mu bateguye bagashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntibemera ko Jenoside yabayeho. Aba baratsemba bakemeza ko ibyabaye mu Rwanda atari Jenoside ahubwo bakayishakira andi mazina. Bavuga ko nta mugambi wa Jenoside wigeze ubaho, ko habaye ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko. Iyi mvugo yakoreshejwe cyane cyane n abari ku isonga yo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi barimo colonel Théoneste Bagosora wavugiye mur rukiko rwa Arusha ko muri 1994 mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi gusa hagati y abaturage, ko nta Jenoside yabayeho. Guhakana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itabayeho byakunze kugaragara cyane cyane imbere y Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha. Abaregwa bose ntibigeze bemera ko habaye Jenoside, imbere y urukiko; icyo baheragaho nk inzitizi z urubanza kwari ukuvuga ko Jenoside itabayeho. Ibi byaje kuvanwaho n icyemezo cy urukiko rwa Arusha mu bujurire cyo kuwa 16/6/2006, mu rubanza rwa Karemera, Ngirumpatse na Nzirorera. Urukiko rwavuzeko hagati ya tariki ya 6/4 n iya 17/7/1994 hakozwe Jenoside ikorerwa Abatutsi, ko iri hame ridashobora na rimwe kugibwaho impaka haba mu rukiko ubwarwo ndetse n ahandi. II.2 Urwitwazo rw ihanuka y indege ya Habyarimana Aha niho hava imvugo ishyigikira ko Jenoside yatewe n ihanuka ry indege ya Habyarimana Juvenal, ko iyo indege iyo idahanuka nta Jenoside yari kuba. Aha birengagiza ko kwica Abatutsi 3

4 byatangiye muri 1959, ko ibikorwa bya Jenoside byatangiye guhera muri iyo myaka, ko Jenoside ifite ibikorwa byayiteguye harimo kwica abatutsi mu bihe binyuranye. Ikindi ni uko abahanuye iyo ndege, ni ukuvuga Bagosora n abo bari bafatanyije ari nabo bakoze Jenoside. Ibi byerekanywe na raporo zinyuranye, harimo raporo ya Komisiyo y u Rwanda yerekanye uruhare rwa Bagosora na bagenzi be mu kwica HABYARIMANA no gutegura no gukora Jenoside (bayita raporo Mutsinzi), ndetse na raporo y abacamanza b Abafaransa Marc Trévidic na Nathalie POUX. II.3 Kuvuga ko Jenoside yabayeho ariko ko impamvu zayiteye zumvikana Abahakana bakoresha iyi mvugo nibo bavuga ko Jenoside yatewe n intambara, bityo bakavuga ko ibyabaye ari intambara imbere mu gihugu (guerre civile/civil war) ko atari Jenoside, kandi ko impande zombi zifite uruhare mu byabaye, bavugako abantu bishwe ku mpande zombi. Aha niho dusanga imvugo ikunze gukoreshwa n abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside ivuga ko habaye Jenoside ebyiri (double genocide). Aha birengagiza ko Jenoside ifite umwihariko wo kugira umugambi wo kuyikora ugaragarira mu kuyitegura, binyuze muri gahunda zinyuranye harimo no gushyiraho amategeko y ivangura, gutoteza no kwica icyiciro cy abantu runaka. Kuva Leta ya Kayibanda yajyaho, hagiyeho politiki y amacakubiri, kwica no kwangaza abatutsi. Hari n ibikorwa byo gutsemba abatutsi byabaye muri 1963 muri Gikongoro byiswe icyo gihe Jenoside bigaragajwe n abanyamahanga babaga mu Rwanda barimo umusuwisi Denis-Gilles VUILLEMIN wigishaga muri Groupe scolaire I Butare n umushakashatsi w Umubiligi witwa Luc DE HEUSCH wari mu Rwanda. Itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga naryo ryagaragaje muri mutarama na gashyantare 1964 ko mu Rwanda habereye Jenoside mu mpera za Politiki y urwango yarigishwije guhera ku mategeko 10 y Abahutu ya GITERA Joseph yakwirakwije abinyujije mu ishyaka rye rya APROSOMA muri 1958, disikuru nyinshyi za Perezida Kayibanda zuzuyemo urwango rw abatutsi, kwica uruhongohongo abatutsi no kubangaza, kubuza gutaha mu Rwanda impunzi z Abatutsi zahunze u Rwanda kubera ubwicanyi bwo muri 1959, 1963, 1973; kubanyaga, n ibindi bikorwa bibi byo kubambura ubumuntu no kubatesha agaciro. Kuba hari abashobora kugwa mu ntambara ni ibintu bikunze kubaho, ariko ntaho bihuriye n umugambi wo gutsemba ubwoko nk uko Leta ya Kayibanda, iya Habyarimana n iy abiyise Abatabazi yabigenje. 4

5 II.4 Gupfobya umubare w abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kandi bakunze gukeneka imibare nyayo y abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bakayigira mike, bagamije kwerekana ko hapfuye Abatutsi bake, ko umubare w Abahutu bapfuye uruta uw Abatutsi bishwe. Ubu buryo bwo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi buba bugamije gukingira ikibaba abakoze Jenoside, abo bafatanyije mu kuyikora babatiza umurindi cyane cyane bimwe mu bihugu by amahanga byagize uruhare muri Jenoside, ndetse n abandi basangiye nabo umurage w ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. III. Ihakana n ipfobya byigaragaza bite? III.1 Itangazamakuru Ihakana n ipfobya bikunze kwigaragaza mu itangazamakuru ryo mu mahanga. Hari nka Pierre Péan, umunyamakuru w umufaransa wemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside ebyiri ndetse we akerekana ko Abatutsi aribo bizize. Ibi yarabyanditse mu gitabo cye cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 2005, (Noires fureurs, blancs menteurs. Rwanda, Rwanda, ). Hari n abandi banditsi nka Charles Onana, ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Cameroun n ubufaransa akaba akorana cyane na Pierre Péan, avuga mu gitabo cye (Les secrets du génocide rwandais) ko Jenoside yatewe n ihanuka ry indege ya Habyarimana, anavuga ko Abatutsi ko aribo biyishe. Ibi yarabiregewe muri 2002 na Leta y U Rwanda mu gihugu cy ubufaransa ariko ikirego nticyakirwa kubera ubuzime. Uyu ni umwe mu bakunze gushyira mu majwi abayobozi bakuru b u Rwanda abashinja ibinyoma bifitanye isano n ibibazo biri muri Kongo aho avuga ko ingabo z u Rwanda zishe abahutu muri Kongo na miliyoni esheshatu z Abanyekongo. Ihakana n ipfobya turisanga kandi mu nyandiko zinyuranye z umunyamakuru witwa Robin Philpot (uvukuna na John Philpot nawe uhakana Jenoside yakoreye abatutsi) ukomoka mu mujyi wa Québec muri Canada wanditse igitabo cyitwa Ca ne s est pas passé comme ça à Kigali, avuga ko ibivugwa kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi atariko byagenze. 5

6 Hari Jane Corbin na bagenzi be kuri BBC bakoze film Rwanda s untold story yakusanyije abasanzwe bahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, atondekanya ingingo zikunze gukoreshwa n abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Iyi film nta gishya yerekanye uretse guha urubuga abasanzwe banga u Rwanda no gushinja ibinyoma ubuyobozi bukuru bw igihugu ko aribo bateje Jenoside. Aha twavuga kandi by umwihariko bamwe mu banyamakuru ba BBC Gahuzamiryango bakomeje gukwirakwiza ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside babinyujije muri porogaramu yayo y ikinyarwanda n ikirundi. Hari na Sonia Rolley, umunyamakuru w umufaransakazi ukorera Radiyo y abafaransa RFI inafite urubuga rwa internet umaze igihe acisha muri ibyo bitangazamakuru no ku rubuga rwa twitter inkuru zibasira kandi zigasebya u Rwanda n abayobozi barwo. Uyu Sonia Rolley yirukanywe mu Rwanda muri 2006, bitewe n imikorere ye idahwitse ndetse n abo bakoranaga icyo gihe, akaba ndetse yarirukanwe no mu gihugu cya Tchad avuye mu Rwanda. III.2 Abanditsi n abashakashatsi Hari n abanditsi n abashakashatsi nka Filip Reyntjens, umwarimu w umubirigi wabaye igihe kirekire umujyanama wa Habyarimana Juvenal, wananditse itegeko nshinga ry igihe cya Habyarimana muri 1978, politiki y ivangura yari ishingiyeho. Uyu mushakashatsi akoreshwa n urwango yerekana ko indege yahanuwe na FPR Inkotanyi. Aha twanavuga Bernard Lugan, umufaransa nawe werekana ko igihugu cy ubufaransa nta ruhare cyagize muri Jenoside, nawe ashyigikira ko habaye jenoside ebyiri. Hari n abandi biyita abashakashatsi batanga imibare bishakiye y abazize Jenoside bagamije kwerekana ko hapfuye igice kinini cy abahutu kurusha abatutsi bishwe. Aha twavuga nka Allan Stam na Christian Davenport abarimu muri Kaminuza yo muri Amarika. Mu gupfobya Jenoside no kuyihakana bavuga ko hapfuye Abatutsi 200,000 aho kuba 800,000. Iri pfobya n imibare y abazize Jenoside ni ikintu gikunze gokoreshwa n abahakana Jenoside y Abayahudi, aho bavuga ko abayahudi bapfuye bazize Jenoside batagera kuri 6,000,000 ko ari 200,000 gusa. III.3 Impuguke mu mategeko Guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside bikunze kugaragarira mu nyandiko n amagambo ya bamwe mu banyamategeko bagize uruhare mu kunganira abakoze Jenoside mu rukiko rwa Arusha. 6

7 Urugero ni Carl Peter Erlinder wabaye umwunganizi mu rukiko rwa Arusha, yaje gusohora inyandiko nyinshi avuga ko nta mugambi wa Jenoside wabayeho, ko Jenoside itateguwe, kandi ko itanabayeho. Yirirwa atanga ibirego mu nkiko zinyuranye zo muri Amerika arega abayobozi bakuru b Igihugu, ariko izo nkiko ntizibihe ishingiro. Carla Del Ponte, yabaye umushinjacyaha mukuru w urukiko rwa Arusha, nawe ashimangira ko habaye Jenoside ebyiri. Ibi ni nabyo uwari umuvugizi we Florence Hartmann, asubiramo mu gitabo cye (Paix et châtiment). Abo bombi icyo bagamije ni ukwerekana ko FPR nayo yakoze Jenoside, ibi bikaba nta kintu na kimwe bashingiraho babivuga uretse gupfobya no guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. John Philpot umunyamategeko wunganiye Jean-Paul Akayesu mu rukiko rwa Arusha. Kimwe na Carla del Ponte, arangwa n imvugo yo kuvuga ko habaye jenoside ebyiri. Izi ni ingero nkeya twatangaga z abapfobya cyangwa bahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. III.3 Ubutabera mpuzamahanga Hari n ubutabera mpuzamahanga bukoreshwa mu guhakana no gupfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bwibasira abayobozi bakuru b Igihugu, buvana uruhare ku bakoze Jenoside bakarushyira ku bayihagaritse. Ibi byakozwe n ubutabera bw ubufaransa n ubwa Espagne butanga impapuro zifata bamwe mu basirikari bakuru b u Rwanda. Ibi byaje gukoreshwa mu nyungu za politiki cyane cyane mu guhishira uruhare igihugu cy Ubufaransa cyagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubutabera mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane urukiko rwa Arusha bwagiye bufata umurongo wo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi butagaragaza ko Jenoside yateguwe, ndetse ntibwagize n uwo buhamya umugambi wo gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Urukiko rwa Arusha rwakunze gufata ibyemezo bidashingiye ku mategeko rwivuguruza ubwarwo, rugira abere mu bujurire abo urugereko rwa mbere rwari rwakatiye burundu kubera Jenoside, cyangwa rugabanya igihano nko mu rubanza rwa Bagosora, Zigiranyirazo, Mugenzi, Ndindiriyimana n abandi. III.4 Umuryango w Abibumbye 7

8 Kubera inyungu za politiki no guhishira uruhare umuryango w abibumbye ndetse na bimwe mu bihugu bigize akanama gashizwe amahoro ku isi, bakunze gukora raporo z urudaca zigamije kwerekana ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside ebyiri. Raporo za Loni zikorwa zigamije gushinja u Rwanda ibinyoma, nka Mapping report yavugaga ko muri Congo habaye Jenoside nyamara ari ikinyoma gishingiye ku nyungu za politiki z abashaka guharabika isura y u Rwanda n ubuyobozi bwarwo. Hari n abandi biyita impuguke za Loni nka Steve Hege usanzwe arengera umutwe wa FDLR, wakoze raporo ayivugira, anayigira umwere ku byaha bya Jenoside yakoze muri 1994 n ibindi byaha yakoreye muri Kongo. Hari n imiryango ivuga ko irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ariko ugasanga ibogamiye ku bakoze Jenoside, ndetse no gukorana nabo. Iyi miryango niyo ikunze guharabika isura y u Rwanda ititaye ku bikorwa bya FDLR aho iba mu mashyamba yica, isahura, ifata abagore ku ngufu. Aha twavuga nka HRW, Amnesty International zikunze gusohora raporo z ibinyoma. Iyo miryango iraceceka, nta raporo n imwe igaragaza ibyo bikorwa bya FDLR, umuntu akaba atashidikanya ko iyo miryango ifite izindi nyungu zidafite aho zihuriye no kurengera ubureganzira bwa muntu. III.5 Bamwe mu banyepolitiki b Abafaransa Hari abanyepolitiki bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bakoranye na Leta yateguye igashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bene aba banyepolitiki ubasanga cyane cyane mu gihugu cy ubufaransa, kubera uruhare bagize mu gufata ibyemezo byatije umurindi abateguraga Jenoside. Ku isonga hari uwahoze ari perezida w Ubufaransa Francois Mitterrand, Alain Juppe, Hubert Vedrine, Bernard DEBRE na Dominique de Villepin. Uretse gushimagiza uruhare rw ubufaransa mu Rwanda, banarangwa no kuvuga ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside ebyiri. Kuri abo banyepoliki, umuntu yakongeraho abasirikari b afaransa bari mu Rwanda mbere n igihe cya Jenoside, cyane cyane mucyo bise operation Turquoise bakoze ishyirahamwe rirangwa n ipfobya n ihakana. Kuri bo Jenoside yatewe n ihanuka ry indege ya Habyarimana bashinja FPR yahagaritse Jenoside. Impamvu nyamukuru ibatera guhakana Jenoside ni uko bakoranye na Leta yateguye igakora Jenoside, ikaba yaratsinzwe ku rugamba kandi bayishyigikiye. Ibi bigaragara cyane mu gitabo cy uwitwa Jacques Hogard mu gitabo yise Les larmes de l honneur : 60 jours dans la tourmente du Rwanda. 8

9 III.6 Abanyamadini n imiryango ibashamikiyeho Ikindi cyiciro cy abahakana kigizwe n abanyamadini, cyane cyane abo mu muryango w abapadiri Bera, nka Guy Theunis wagize uruhare mu itangazamakuru ryakwirakwizaga urwango mbere ya Jenoside. Uwitwa Serge Desouter mu gitabo yanditse RWANDA LE PROCÈS DU FPR, ahakana Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi avuga ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatewe n iyicwa ry abahutu n ihanurwa ry indege ya Habyarimana. Muri uwo murongo hari imwe mu miryango ikorana na FDLR, nka S OLIVAR Foundation n ishyirahamwe INSHUTI zo muri Espagne zikusanya amafaranga ahabwa FDLR, kubatera inkunga yo kugura intwaro no kubavuganira mu bihugu by iburayi bagamije kubahanaguraho Jenoside no kubahesha isura nziza babita abamyapolitiki basanzwe. III.7 Abanyarwanda bakoze Jenoside n abandi bafashe umurage w abakoze Jenoside. Hari n abanyarwanda mu byiciro bitandukanye, abakoze Jenoside, abafashe umurage w abakoze Jenoside, n abandi bahunze igihugu kubera impamvu bita iza politiki. Iki gice kigizwe n abahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n urukiko rwa Arusha, bakwirakwije inyandiko zihakana zikanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nka Ngirabatware Augustin wanditse igitabo yise RWANDA, Le faîte du mensonge et de l'injustice na Nahimana Ferdinand, wanditse, Rwanda: les virages rates, na Rwanda. L élite Hutu accusée. Aba bose ntibemera Jenoside n uruhare Leta zayikoze zifite. Hari n abanyarwanda bafashe umurage w abakoze Jenoside, ubu bakaba biyita ko ari abanyepolitiki batavuga rumwe na Leta y u Rwanda. Iki gice nicyo usangamo uwitwa Twagiramungu Faustin, usigaye yareruye ko akorana na FDLR, Matata Joseph, Ndagijimana Emmanuel, Rudakemwa Fortunatus, na Thomas Nahimana abapadiri bakwirakwiza urwango mu kanyamakuru ka Le prophète bakoresheje internet. Aba bose ni agatsiko kagamije gusenya u Rwanda rwose n abanyarwanda bose bakoresheje bakoresheje ihakana n ifobya no gukwirakwiza ibinyoma ku byiza abanyarwanda bamaze kwigezaho. 9

10 Hari abanyarwanda bagizwe n abari mu buyobozi bw igihugu nyuma ya Jenoside, bishyize hamwe mu ishyaka bise RNC. Aba bahunze igihugu kubera amakosa bahamijwe n inkiko nk ubujura cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano w igihugu. Kugira ngo bagire ingufu bifatanije na FDLR umutwe ugizwe n abakoze Jenoside. KAYUMBA Nyamwasa, GAHIMA Gerard na RUDASINGWA Théogène n abandi bakorana nabo bakoresha imvugo isanzwe iranga abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nko kuvuga ko indege ya Habyarimana yahanuwe n abasirikari ba RPA, kurengera interahamwe bagaragaza ko 10% b Interahamwe aribo bakoze Jenoside. III.8 Ihakana ku rwego rw akarere k ibiyaga bigari Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakomeje gukwirakwizwa mu bihugu bigize akarere k ibiyaga bigari na bamwe mu banyarwanda bahamwe n icyaha cya Jenoside ndetse n ababashyigikiye. Ibi byakunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu itangazamakuru mu gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no muri Tanzaniya. Aha niho usanga bamwe mu banyekongo bavuga ko habaye jenoside ebyiri. Abenshi mu babivuga ni nabo batanze amakuru atariyo mu gihe hakorwaga Mapping report. Izo nyandiko z urwango zirangwa n imvugo ishishikariza kwanga abatutsi no kubica. Ahandi harangwa ihakana n ipfobya rishingiye mu gukwirakwiza urwango ni mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya. Aha twavuga umunyepolitiki ukomeye muri Tanzania akaba na Perezida w Ishyaka Democratic Party (DP) Rév. Christopher Mtikila wigize umuhuza n umuyobozi wa FDLR, ukunze gusohora inyandiko zuzuyemo urwango rw abatutsi. IV. Ingero z amategeko ahana ihakana n ipfobya mu mahanga Icyaha cy ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ni icyaha gihanwa n amategeko mu mahanga. Muri 1992 Loni yavuzeko kurwanya Abayahudi ari icyago kigomba kurwanwa hakoreshejwe amategeko. Muri 2005, Israel, America na Canada byasabye ko hafatwa umwanzuro ushyiraho umunsi wo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. 10

11 Umuryango w Umutekano n Ubutwererane i Burayi (OSCE) muri 2005 wasabye ko ibihugu biwugize bishyiraho amategeko arwanya abatoteza abayahudi. Umuryango w ibihugu by iburayi washyizeho uburyo bwo kohererezanya abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. Ni muri urwo rwego mu bihugu byinshi byo ku mugabane w iburayi hashyizweho amategeko ahana itotezwa ry abayahudi, ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. Mu gihugu cya Austria, itegeko rihana ihakana n ipfobya bya Holocaust riteganya igifungo hagati yumwaka 1 n imyaka 10, no kugera ku myaka 20 mu gihe icyo cyaha cyaba kibangamiye bikabije umutekano w abantu. Mu gihugu cy Ububirigi, itegeko rihana abahakana jenoside yakorewe abayahudi ryagiyeho muri 1995, ryavuguruwe muri Ingingo ya mbere ivuga ko umuntu wese ugerageza gusobanura (justify), cyangwa akemeza (approve) Holocaust azahanishwa igifungo hagati y iminsi 8 n umwaka umwe, n ihazabu hagati y amafaranga y amabirigi (euros) 26 na Itegeko rihana ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ryagiyeho muri Iri tegeko rivugako icyaha cyo kurwanya Abayahudi ari icyaha cyibasira umuntu. Mu gihugu cy ubusuwisi, itegeko ntirivuga guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, rivuga icyaha cyo guhakana Jenoside n ibindi byaha byibasira umuntu bihanwa n amategeko. Muri 1984, Urukiko rw iburayi ruburanisha ibibazo by uburenganzira bwa muntu ruvuga ko guhakana Jenoside ari uburyo bwo gushishikariza abantu kwanga abayahudi, bikaba bibangamiye umudendezo w abantu. V. Ingamba igihugu kigomba gufata mu guhangana n ihakana n ipfobya. - Kumenyekanisha itegeko rihana ihakana n ipfobya no kurwanya umuco wo kudahana, kuyirinda (Prévention) binyuze mu bukangurambaga; - Gushyira ingufu mu gukurikirana abakoze Jenoside batari bashyikirizwa ubutabera no gukurikirana bene izo manza hanze; - Gushyiraho amategeko ku rwego rw akarere ahana ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi; - Kunoza imikoranire hagati y ibihugu bigize imiryango yo mu karere mu guhanahana amakuru ku guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi; - Gushishikariza ibindi bihugu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi; 11

12 - Kwigisha urubyiruko amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira go bashobore kuyikumira. - Gukora ubushakashatsi ku ihakana n ipfobya no kubutangaza - Gukomeza gushimangira umutekano w Igihugu Umusozo Kurwanya ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni urugamba buri munyarwanda wese agomba kurwana akoresheje ingufu zose afite, binyuze mu kunyomoza amakuru atariyo, no gutangaza ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Jenoside yahagaritswe n abanyarwanda, ihakana n ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi naryo rigomba guhagarikwa n Abanyarwanda. P.O Box: 7035 Kigali Hotline: 3560; administrator@cnlg.gov.rw Web site: 12