NBDF Rwanda CBCCA Imfashanyigisho y amahugurwa CHOICE SOCIAL ENTERPRISES AFRICA

Transcription

1 CHOICE SOCIAL ENTERPRISES AFRICA IBITABO BY AMAHUGURWA IBIPIMO NGENDERWAHO MU KUGARAGAZA UBURYO BWO KURWANYA IMIHINDA- GURIKIRE Y IKIRERE HIFASHISHIJWE ABATURAGE MU RWEGO RW UMUSHINGA CBCCA WA NBDF RWANDA 1

2 2 NBDF Rwanda CBCCA Imfashanyigisho y amahugurwa

3 Ishakiro Umunsi wa 2 9 Igice cya 1. Kwibwirana & incamake y amahugurwa iminota Igice cya 2. Gusobanukirwa icyo imihindagurikire y ikirere ari cyo 1 iminota Igice cya 3. Kumenya ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere ku baturage n ubushobozi bw abaturage mu guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere iminota Unit 4. Kugena uburyo bugaragaza uko abaturage bahangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere iminota Igice cya 5. Kumenyekanisha gahunda y ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere kugira ngo ishyigikirwe iminota Igice cya 6. Gukurikirana no gusuzuma gahunda yanyu yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage iminota Igice cya 7: gusuzuma uko amahugurwa yagenze no gusoza iminota

4 INTANGIRIRO Ibitabo bitandukanye by inyigisho ku birebana n uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ndetse n agatabo kagenewe abahugurwa ni bimwe mu bishingirwaho mu gutanga amahugurwa y abahugurirwa guhugura abandi mu rwego rw umushinga CBCCA wa NBDF. Ibyo bitabo bitandukanye bigenewe ahanini gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo kongerera ubushobozi abantu batandukanye barebwa n umushinga. Amahugurwa y abahugurirwa guhugura abandi agamije gutangwa ku buryo abayahabwa bagira umwanya uhagije wo gutanga ibitekerezo kandi bagahugurwa bashyira mu ngiro ibyo bahugurwamo. Aya mahugurwa kandi yateguwe hashingiwe ku bikenewe muri uyu mushinga kandi akaba agamije gufasha abayahabwa kunguka ubumenyi bushya hubandwa ku ntego yo kubaha uburyo bwo gushyira mu ngiro ibyo bahuguwemo bityo bakunguka ubumenyi busanzwe n ubumenyi-ngiro bubafasha kumenya gutegura imishinga igamije kurwanga imihindagurikire y ikirere hashingiwe ku baturage, bakamenya kuyishyira mu bikorwa no gukurikirana imigendekere y ibikorwa byayo. Abahugurwa bazahabwa umwanya wo gutanga ibitekerezo guhabwa umwanya wo kujya impaka bari hamwe no gukora imyitozo ibafasha kwigana uburyo bwo gushyira mu ngiro ibyo bahuguwemo. Impuguke za CSEA zizaba zitanga amahugurwa zizakoresha uburyo butuma abahugurwa bagira uruhare rufatika mu mahugurwa bahabwa. Ubwo buryo busabako utanga amahugurwa ahera ku byo abahugurwa basanzwe bazi nyuma akabungura ubumenyi bushya bagashobora kunguka amahame mashya nyuma akabaha imyitozo. Ayo mahugurwa-ngiro azasabako abahugurwa bajya ahantu aha n aha kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa ibyo bahuguwemo ndetse bakanakora imyitozo ituma aba- bahugura baberekera uburyo bwo gushyira mu ngiro ibyo bahuguwemo. Iyo myitozo ni yo ibafasha kumenya uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma ry umushinga CBCCA no gutegura gahunda z ubutabazi na gahunda z iterambere bafatanyije n abaturage n abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakorana n abaturage. Uburyo busabako abahugurwa bajya ahantu aha n aha kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa ibyo bahuguwemo buzarushaho gufasha abahugurwa gushimangira ibyo bahuguwemo no kunguka ubumenyi bushya. Ubwo buryo buzagirira abahugurwa akamaro kanini kuko buzabafasha gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z umushinga CBCCA kandi banarusheho gushimangira imikoranire cyane cyane mu bikorwa bakora. Gushimangira imikoranire cyane cyane mu bikorwa bakora bizarushaho kugira akamaro kuberako abaturage bazarushaho kungurana ubumenyi. Ni yo mpamvu aya mahugurwa azagira uruhare runini mu gufasha abahugurwa kunguka ubumenyi-ngiro buzatuma bashobora guhugura abaturage bakorana na bo. Ni muri urwo rwego iki gitabo cy inyigisho cyateguwe mu rwego rwo gufasha abaturage kumenya uburyo bwo kwitegura guhangana n ibiza no mu rwego rwa gahunda yo kongerera abahugurwa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. Abo iki gitabo kigenewe mbere na mbere Abagenewe amahugurwa ni imiryango itandukanye ikorera mu baturage mu Turere tune, abakozi b akarere, abayobozi b abaturage ku rwego rw ingo, abarimu bo mu mashuri, amakoperative, amatsinda y abagore n ay urubyiruko. Ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta ni ngombwa gukorana n ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta 4

5 kuko ibyo bigo n iyo miryango ni byo byerekana uburyo Leta ishyira mu bikorwa politiki y igihugu hashingiwe ku byo amatsinda y abaturage aya n aya akeneye. Ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta biza ku isonga mu bikorwa bigamije kurwanya ubukene kandi bigaharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ni yo mpamvu ibyo bigo n iyo miryango bifite inshingano ikomeye yo gukora ku buryo ibikorwa bikorwa ubwabyo ndetse n ibikorwa na Leta bikurikiranwa ku buryo bunoze kandi bikanakora ku buryo ibikorwa byabyo n ibya Leta bishingira ku makuru nyayo yizewe. Ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta bizasabwa gukora igerageza ry ibyifashishwa mu bipimo ngenderwaho, kandi binategure ibyo bipimo binatangize ikoreshwa ryabyo. Ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta na byo bizaba biri mu matsinda y ibiganiro no muri Komite nyobozi y umushinga kugira ngo hizerweko na byo byongererwa ubushobozi. Bitewe n uko ibyo bigo n iyo miryango itegamiye kuri Leta bifatwa nk abagenerwabikorwa b ibanze b umushinga, bizagira uruhare mu bikorwa by amahugurwa bityo tukaba twizeyeko nibura ibigo n imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta bigera kuri 50 bizagira uruhare rutaziguye mu mahugurwa y abahugurirwa guhugura abandi. Amatsinda y abaturage- amatsinda y abaturage ni ryo tsinda ry ibanze kandi akaba n umugenerwabikorwa w umushinga cyane ko abayagize ari bo bakoresha umutungo kamere ku buryo butaziguye kandi bakaba n abafatanyabikorwa mu kurwanya ubukene no kurwanya ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere. Ayo matsinda y abaturage azagira uruhare hifashishijwe amahugurwa arebana no gutegura ibyifashishwa mu bipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo barusheho kugira ubushobozi bwo kumvikanisha ijwi ryabo mu itegurwa rya politiki zitandukanye. Ibigo bya Leta- nubwo ibigo bya Leta bitabarirwa mu itsinda umushinga ugenewe, usanga ibyo bigo ari abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ku birebana n amahugurwa y abahugurirwa guhugura abandi ategurwa n umushinga. Politiki ya Leta yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi isabako abakozi b Uturere bagenda barushaho kugira ububasha mu gufata ibyemezo ku birebana no kurwanya ubukene. Kurushaho kongerera ubushobozi ibigo n imiryango bitegamiye kuri Leta bizafasha mu kunoza ibyemezo bifatwa bityo bikazatuma amahugurwa atangwa agira akamaro ku buryo burambye. Gufasha abahugurwa gusobanukirwa amahugurwa bagenewe Umuntu uje mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo yerekeye amahugurwa y abahugurirwa guhugura abandi, yagombye kuba yarasomye agatabo k amahugurwa akaba yaranasomye inyandiko isobanura umushinga. Mu gutegura igitabo cy inyigisho hashingiwe ku ihame ry uko abaza guhugurwa baba basobanukiwe umushinga kandi bakaba barafasha umwanya wo gutekereza ibibazo bibangamira ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere mu Turere/mu gihugu batuyemo. Incamake ku mahugurwa Igitabo cy inyigisho ku birebana no kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ni cyo amahugurwa ashingiyeho kandi kikaba cyarateguwe hagamijwe gufasha abagenerwabikorwa b umushinga/abaturage kumenya: Icyo imihindagurikire y ikirere ari cyo: Ingaruka imhindagurikire y ikirere ishobora kugira ku baturage no ku mibereho yabo; Icyo abantu ku giti cyabo ndetse n abaturage muri rusange bashobora gukora mu duce batuyemo kugira ngo barwanye ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere no guhangana n izo ngaruka; Ibyiza by ingamba z Uturere n izo ku rwego rw igihugu zigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. 5

6 Aya mahugurwa afasha abayegenewe kumenya: uburyo bwo kwitegura guhangana no kurwanya ibiza biterwa n imihindagurikire y ikirere; uburyo bwo gufasha abaturage kwita ku mihindagurikire y ikirere mu bikorwa basanzwe bakora ndetse n ibyo bateganya gukora mu rwego rwo kurwanya no guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere; uburyo bwo gufasha kugera ku ntego yo gukora ku buryo imihindagurikire y ikirere yitabwaho muri gahunda z iterambere ry abaturage. Igitabo cy inyigisho kigabanyijemo ibice bitandatu by ingenzi uretseko impuguke ya CSEA itanga amahugurwa ishobora kongeramo ikindi gice kimwe bitewe n igihe gihari. Buri gice kigabanyijemo ibyiciro by inyigisho bigufi. Nubwo hari ahantu hamwe na hamwe impuguke itanga amahugurwa ishobora gutanga ibiganiro, ikibandwaho mu mahugurwa ni uguha abahugurwa umwanya wo gushyira mu ngiro ibyo bahugurwamo no kubaha umwanya wo gukora imyitozo ibashishikaza kandi iyo myitozo ikaba ari yo ibafasha kumenya uko bategura gahunda y ibikorwa bigenewe abaturage. Igitabo cy inyigisho gishingiye ku ihame ry uko uhabwa amahugurwa ndetse na bagenzi babo bari mu mahugurwa bavuye mu baturage ari zo nzobere ziba zizi ibibera mu baturage bakanamenya ikigomba gukorwa kugira ngo ibyo bibazo byugarije abaturage bibonerwe umuti. Imwe mu nshingano z utanga amahugurwa ni uguha abahugurwa amakuru yabagirira akamaro cyane cyane ayerekeye imihindagurikire y ikirere n abafasha kumenya isano iri hagati yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere n iterambere. Uretse n ibyo kandi, utanga amahugurwa icyo ashinzwe mbere na mbere ni ugufasha abahugurwa kwifashisha no kubyaza umusaruro ubumenyi n ubuzobere bitandukanye bisanzwe biri mu baturage. Intego z amahugurwa Aya mahugurwa narangira, abayitabiriye bazaba bashobora: 1. Gusobanura impamvu z ingenzi zitera imihindagurikire y ikirere ku isi ndetse n ingaruka iyo mihindagurikire ishobora kugira ku Rwanda ndetse no ku Turere two mu Ntara y Iburasirazuba umushinga ukoreramo ari two Nyagatare, Kirehe, Gatsibo na Bugesera;. 2. Kwerekana isano iri hagati y ibikorwa byo kurwanya no kugabanya ibitera imihindagurikire y ikirere na gahunda z iterambere ry uturere; 3. Kugaragaza uburyo bashobora kwifashisha kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere mu ngo zabo no mu duce batuyemo; 4. Kumenya no gukoresha uburyo bufasha mu gutegura gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere [cyangwa kwinjiza ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere muri gahunda z ibikorwa by abaturage]; 5. Kugaragaza ibice by ingenzi bya gahunda igamije gukurikirana no gusuzuma ibikorwa by abaturage bigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere n imbogamizi zigaragara muri urwo rwego; 6. kugira ibikenewe bitandukanye bifasha kubyaza umusaruro ubumenyi abahuguwe bungutse. Agatabo kagenewe abahugurwa kateguwe kugira ngo gakoreshwe mu mahugurwa na nyuma yayo. Igihe kazaba gakoreshwa mu mahugurwa kazifashishwa nk agatabo k amasomo mu gihe nyuma y amahugurwa abahuguwe bazakifashisha bahugura abandi. Na none kandi igihe cy amahugurwa, utanga amahugurwa azaha abahugurwa izindi nyandiko zitandukanye kugira ngo nyuma abahugurwa bazabe bafite agatabo kuzuye nyuma yo guhabwa amahugurwa. Aka gatabo kateguwe mu buryo bworoshya imikoreshereze yako ku buryo 6

7 gateye nk urupapuro ku buryo umuntu ashobora kugatwarana n izindi nyandiko uhugurwa abonako zimufitiye akamaro mu gukora igenabikorwa rye. Bitewe n uko abashakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y ikirere bagenda bagaragaza ibintu bishya buri munsi ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere, aka gatabo gakubiyemo n amakuru yerekana imbuga za interineti mushobora kwifashisha igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Gutangira Igihe cyose ubone aka gashushanyo gaseka, biba bivuzeko hari igitekerezo cyangwa inama bishobora kugufasha gutuma amahugurwa agenda neza cyane. Ese ni iki wifuza kungukira muri aya mahugurwa? Igihe amahugurwa azaba atangiye, utanga amahugurwa asaba abahugurwa kwandika ibintu bibiri cyangwa bitatu yiteze kungukira mu mahugurwa. Ese ntibyanaba byiza wanditse hano ibintu byose wumva wifuza kungukira muri aya mahugurwa. Ese hari ibirenze ibyo bibiri cyangwa bitatu wifuza kumenyesha utanga amahugurwa? Igihe amahugurwa arangiye, ushobora gusubiza amaso inyuma ukareba umubare w ibyo wungutse mu byo wari witeze. Ibyo nifuza kungukira muri aya mahugurwa ni ibi bikurikira: Ese ni uruhe ruhare witeguye kugira muri aya mahugurwa? Bizwi nezako wemeye kwigomwa igihe cyawe ukaza mu mahugurwa bityo akaba ari na yo mpamvu usabwa gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ubyaze umusaruro akazi kawe. Utanga amahugurwa n abahugurwa bakora nk abagize itsinda bityo buri wese akaba agomba kugira uruharemu migendekere myiza y amahugwa. Igihe rero ni iki kugira ngo utekereze urebe umusanzu witegute gutanga kugira ngo amahugurwa agende neza. Urwo ruhare rwawe rushobora kugaragarira mu kwitabira amahugurwa ku gihe ukiyemeza gusangiza abandi ubumenyi n ubunararibonye ufite. Hari igihe wenda waba usanzwe uri umuntu udakunda kubaza ibibazo cyangwa kuvuga mu nama Ntugire ikibazo kuko hari n amatsinda mato kandi menshi ushobora kwisanzuriramo. None se kuki utakiyemeza gutera intambwe uyu munsi ukagira uruhare mu biganiro biguhuza n abandi? Jya wibukako nta kibazo gishobora kuba kibi kurenza ikibazo kitabajijwe. Akenshi, iyo umuntu atangiye kubaza ibibazo cyangwa gutanga ingero zerekeye abaturage bo mu gace babamo, bituma buri wese yumva agize ishyaka ryo kugira na we icyo avuga. Umusanzu niyemeje gutanga muri aya mahugurwa uzabaugmije Ingengabihe n ibikubiye muri aya mahugurwa AMAHUGURWA Y ABAHUGURIRWA GUHUGURA ABANDI [ITARIKI ABERA] N AHO AMAHUGURWA AZ- Intego zigaragaza ibyo abahugurwa bazungukira mu mahugurwa Aya mahugurwa narangira, abayitabiriye bazaba bashobora: 7

8 1. Gusobanura impamvu z ingenzi zitera imihindagurikire y ikirere ku isi ndetse n ingaruka iyo mihindagurikire ishobora kugira ku Rwanda ndetse no ku Turere two mu Ntara y Iburasirazuba umushinga ukoreramo ari two Nyagatare, Kirehe, Gatsibo na Bugesera; 2. Kwerekana isano iri hagati y ibikorwa byo kurwanya no kugabanya ibitera imihindagurikire y ikirere na gahunda z iterambere ry uturere; 3. Kugaragaza uburyo bashobora kwifashisha kugira ngo bashobore guhangana INGENGABIHE UMUNSI WA MBERE n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere mu ngo zabo no mu duce batuyemo; 4. Kumenya no gukoresha uburyo bufasha mu gutegura gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere [cyangwa kwinjiza ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere muri gahunda z ibikorwa by abaturage]; 5. Kugaragaza ibice by ingenzi bya gahunda igamije gukurikirana no gusuzuma ibikorwa by abaturage bigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere n imbogamizi zigaragara muri urwo rwego; Kwiyandikisha Igice cya 1: Gutanga ikaze, kwibwirana n incamake y amahugurwa Igice cya 2: Ese ihindagurika ry ikirere ni iki? Ese iyo barivuze umuntu uri mu Ntara y Iburasirazuba ahita yumva? Ni ibihe bipimo by ingaruka zayo ku baturage? AKARUHUKO Unit 2: Ese ihindagurika ry ikirere ni iki? Ese iyo barivuze umuntu uri mu Ntara y Iburasirazuba ahita yumva? Ni ibihe bipimo by ingaruka zayo ku baturage? (ibikurikira) IFUNGURO RYA SAA SITA Igice cya 3: Kumenya ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere ku baturage n ibipimo by ubushobozi bw abaturage mu guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere AKARUHUKO Igice cya 3: Kumenya ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere ku baturage n ibipimo by ubushobozi bw abaturage mu guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. (Ibikurikira) 8 UMUNSI WA 2

9 UMUNSI WA Kureba abitabiriye no kungurana ibitekerezo ku ngingo zaganiriweho mu mahugurwa yo ku munsi wa Igice cya 4: Gutegura ibipimo bigaragaza uburyo bwo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere n uburyo abaturage bakora igenabikorwa ryo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere AKARUHUKO Igice cya 4: Gutegura ibipimo bigaragaza uburyo bwo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere n uburyo abaturage bakora igenabikorwa ryo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. (ibikurikira) IFUNGURO RYA SAA SITA Igice cya 5: Kwifashisha isakazamakuru mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda yawe yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere AKARUHUKO Igice cya 6: Gukurikirana no gusuzuma gahunda yanyu yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere - Gahunda y ibikorwa ku rwego rw abaturage Igice cya 7: Gusuzuma uko amahugurwa yagenze no gusoza 7 IKAYI Y AMASOMO Ikayi y amasomo ni uburyo bugufasha gutekereza kugira ngo ushobore kureba ibyo wasanze bifite akamaro, uko wumvaga umerewe mu mahugurwa no kumenya icyo ubona kizakugirira akamaro igihe uzaba ukorana n abaturage (cyangwa mu buzima busanzwe). Uhugurwa azahabwa umwanya wo kugeza ku bandi ibyo yanditse ariko na none akaba afite uburenganzira bwo gukora cyangwa kudakora ibyo- kuko ibyo yanditse ni ibye ku giti cye. Ushobora na none gufata icyemezo cyo kwandika cyangwa kutandika bimwe mu by ingenzi wungutse muri buri gice cyangwa ukaba wafata icyemezo cyo kwandika bimwe mu byo wungutse umunsi urangiye. Tekereza wibuke uko wumvaga umerewe mu mahugurwa ndetse unatekereze urebe ibyo wungutse bishobora kugufasha gutekereza kugira ngo umenye impamvu ibintu bimwe byagushishije, wishimiye, byakurakaje cyangwa byakubabaje maze unarebe ukuntu bigira ingaruka ku byo ukora mu baturage ndetse n uburyo ufatanya n abandi bantu. Ibyo kandi bishobora gutuma utanga amahugurwa yunguka ibitekerezo bifite akamaro. 9

10 Ibice Igice cya 1 Icyitonderwa Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 2 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 3 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 4 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 5 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 6 10

11 Igice cya 6 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) Igice cya 7 Ikintu nungutse Ikintu nshobora gukoresha mu bikorwa nkorana n abaturage Ikintu numvaga cyampaye ingufu cyane muri iki Gice (imbamutima) 11

12 IGICE CYA 1. KWIBWIRANA & INCAMAKE Y AMAHUGURWA Iminota 60 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MU GICE CYA MBERE: Iki gice giha abahugurwa umwanya wo kwibwira utanga amahugurwa kandi bakibwirana gahati yabo bakanavuga ibyo bategereje muri ayo mahugurwa. Ni igihe kigaragaza mu ncamake ingengabihe n intego by amahugurwa maze bikagereranwa n ibyo abahugurwa bategereje ku mahugurwa. Ni wo munsingi w ibindi bice bikurikiraho. INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: Kuvuga intego z amahugurwa. Kuvuga amazina ya bagenzi babo n ay utanga amahugurwa Kumenya ibyo abandi bategereje kungukira mu mahugurwa Kureba ikigero cy uburyo ibyo abahugurwa biteze ku mahugurwa bizagerwaho IBIKUBIYE MU GICE CYA MBERE 2. Incamake y amahugurwa no kemeza ingengabihe 3. Gushyiraho amategeko ngenderwaho AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Amategeko ngenderwaho ni amategeko abahugurwa n utanga amahugurwa bumvikanaho mbere y igihe maze akagaragaza uko buri wese agomba kwitwara mu mahugurwa. Urugero rwatangwa hano ni nko kuvuga: Abafite telefoni bose bazizimye. Igihe wumva itegeko ngenderwaho iri n iri ritakunyuze, ni byiza kubivuga mbere y igihe aho kugira ngo uze kuryica kuko iyo bigenze gutyo buri wese yumva abangamiwe. Iyo bishobotse, ushobora gutanga irindi tegeko wumvako ryasimbura iryo kandi intego yari igamijwe ikagerwaho. Urugero: Niba uziko abo mu muryango wawe bashobora kuguhamagara kubera impamvu yihutirwa bityo ukaba wumvako utafunga telefoni yawe, ushobora gusabako iryo tegeko ryahinduka Abafite telefoni bazishyire mu buryo budasakuza iyo bahamagawe kandi ugiye kwitaba telefoni ajye kuyitabira hanze. 1. Kwibwirana no kugaragaza ibyitezwe mu mahugurwa 12

13 Handout 2.1 Understanding Climate Change- PowerPoint Presentation Slides ADDITIONAL RESOURCES: Climate Change For a general overview of scientific evidence of climate change and projected impacts, see: Climate change 101: Understanding and responding to global climate change Available for download from Climate change 101: Science and impacts Available for download from: Climate101-Science-Jan09.pdf Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) For a lay persons summary of the 2013 Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in simplified language see: for all materials. UNEP and IFCCC Understanding climate change: A beginner s guide to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.Available for download from: Rwanda National Resources on Climate Change 13

14 IGICE CYA 2. GUSOBANUKIRWA ICYO IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE ARI CYO 1 Iminota 20 INCAMAKE Y IGICE CYA 2: Iki gice gikubiyemo ibisobanuro ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere no ku bipimo by iyo mihindagurikire ndetse kikanagaragaza ibipimo byo ku rwego rwo hasi mu baturage no ku rwego rw igihugu. Iki gice kandi kibanda ku mpamvu zitera imihindagurikire y ikirere n ingaruka zayo hibandwa ku buryo bw umwihariko ku ngaruka imihindagurikire y ikirere igira ku baturage bo mu Turere umushinga ukoreramo. Muri iki gice kandi hagaragazwa isano hagati n imihindagurikire y ikirere n ibikorwa byo kuyirwanya, uburyo bwo kurwanya ibiza. Muri iki gice kandi ni na ho hagaragarizwa ibiri gukorwa muri iki gihe mu rwego rwo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: 1. Gusobanuri imihindagurikire y ikirere icyo ari cyo, ikiyitera n ingaruka zayo. 2. Gusobanura uko imihindagurikire y ikirere igira ingaruka ku Rwanda no ku baturage (harimo inzego z ingenzi harimo urwego rw ubuhinzi, amazi, ibidukikije, n ibindi). 3. Gusobanura imihindagurikire y ikirere icyo ari cyo kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kuyirwanya. 4. Gusobanura uburyo bw ingenzi bwakoreshwa mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ( kuyirwanya no kugabanya ingaruka zayo) no gusobanura uko izo ngamba zakinjizwa muri politiki z igihugu. 5. Gusobanura ingamba z ingenzi zafashwe mu Ntara y Iburasirazuba no ku rwego rw igihugu mu rwego rwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE Imihindagurikire y ikirere ni iki kandi iterwa n iki? Ibisobanuro mu rwego rwa siyansi Ibyagaragajwe Ingorane n ibyiza Uko ibintu byifashe (ku rwego rw igihugu no mu Ntara). Ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere n uko zigaragariza mu baturage no mu mibereho yabo. Ingaruka zigaragara Ingaruka ku nzego z ingenzi z ubukungu Ingaruka ku mibereho Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere no kugabanya ibiyitera Ingengabihe y ibikorwa by umushinga CBCCA Ingorane n ibyiza Ese ni izihe ngaruka imihindagurikire y ikirere igira ku rusobe rw umutungo kamere no ku bidukikije? AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Ikirere n ibihe: Usanga akenshi ijambo ikirere n ijambo ibihe bikoreshwa kimwe ariko mu by ukuri ni amagambo atandukanye kabone n ubwo afitanye isano. Ubundi ibihe bimara igihe gito mu gihe ikirere kimara igihe kirekire. Ibihe birangwa n ubushyuhe, ubuhehere, umuvuduko w umuyaga, ibicu n imvura. Ikirere cyo ni imihindagurikire y ibihe mu gace aka n aka kandi ibyo bihe bikamara igihe kirekire. Urebye icyo gihe ni 14

15 nk imyaka 30 cyangwa irenze. Uduce dutandukanye dutandukanywa n ikigero cy ubushyuhe buharangwa ndetse n ikigero cy imvura ihagwa kandi ubwo bushyuhe n iyo mvura bigenda bihindagurika bitewe n agace. Ikirere gishobore guhindagurika bitewe n umwaka cyangwa bitewe n ikinyacumi cyangwa ikinyejana cyangwa nyuma y igihe kirenze icyo. Ibihe byo bihiduka vuba kuko uyu munsi hashobora kuba hari izuba hashyushye ejo imvura ikagwa n ubukonje bukaza. Ikirere cyo ntigipfa guhinduka vuba uretseko ingaruka z imihindagurikire yacyo ziba zikabije. Imihindagurikire y ikirere: Uburyo ubushyuhe bwo ku isi bigenda bwiyongera bitewe n imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ikacyangiza. Muri iyo myuka twavuga diyogiside ya karuboni n indi myuka yoherezwa mu kirere bitewe n ibikorwa cya muntu. Muri ibyo bikorwa harimo gutwika amakara, peteroli na gazi isanzwe hagamijwe kubyara ingufu, ubwikorezi, gutema amashyamba n ibikorwa bitandukanye by ubuhinzi n iby inganda. Ihinduka ry ikirere: uburyo ibiranga ikirere ( nk ubushyuhe n imvura) biva ku kigero byari bisanzweho bikazamuka cyangwa bikamanuka ugereranyije n igipimo gikwiye. Urugero: Kuri sitasiyo y iteganyagihe yo ku kibuga cy indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, ibihe by ubushyuhe bitangira ku itariki ya 22 Mutarama bikarangira ku itariki ya 10 Gashyantare ku buryo ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku munsi kiba kirenga dogere 28 C. Umunsi ushyuha cyane kurusha iyindi mu mwaka ni umunsi wo ku itariki ya 4 Gashyantare ku buryo ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe kiri hejuru kiba kingana na dogere 29 C naho ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe cyo hasi kikaba kingana na dogere 17 C. Ibihe by ubukonje byo bitangira ku itariki ya 27 Mata bikarangira ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi ku buryo ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku munsi kiba kiri hasi ya dogere 26 C. Umunsi ukonja cyane mu mwaka ni umunsi wo ku itariki ya 10 Nyakanga ku buryo ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe bwo hasi kiba kingana na dogere15 C naho ikigereranyo cy ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kiba kingana na dogere 27 C. Kurwanya/kungabanya ibyatera ibiza: uburyo bwo kumenya, gusesengura no kugabanya ibyatera ibiza. Ikigamijwe aba ari ukugabanya ingaruka n ibishobora gutera ibiza muri sosiyete hirindwa (hakumirwa) cyangwa hagabanywa ingaruka z ibiza hagamijwe iterambere rirambye. Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibyatera ibiza hibandwa ku bikorwa bitandukanye: gukora ubukangurambaga ku biza byavuka no gukora isuzuma harimo gukora isesengura ry ibiza n isesengura ry ingaruka; gufasha abantu kunguka ubumenyi harimo kubigisha, kubaha amahugurwa, gukora ubushakashatsi no kubagezaho amakuru; ingamba zifatwa na Leta n inzego zitandukanye harimo za politiki zitandukanye, amategeko n ingambwa zifatwa n abaturage. Habaho kandi gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba harimo kubungabunga ibidukikije, imikoreshereze y ubutaka no gutunganya imijyi, kurinda ibikorwa remezo by ingenzi, gukoresha ubumenyi n ikoranabuhanga, ubufatanye no guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa ndetse n amikoro yo mu rwego rw imari, kumenyekanisha ibiza mbere y igihe harimo gukora iteganyagihe, gusakaza ubutumwa bumenyesha ibiza mbere y igihe, ingamba zo kwitegura guhangana n ibiza n ubushozi bwo guhangana n ibyo biza. [Inyadiko yarangije kunozwa igomba gutanga inama yo kwifashisha ibikubiye mu gice cy Igitabo cyerekeye umushinga CBCCA wa NBDF gikubiyemo amakuru arambuye yerekeye uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ku buryo burambuye.] Nyamara ariko, iyo havuzwe imihindagurikire y ikirere umuntu yumva amagambo abiri akunda gukoreshwa: kurwanya no kugabanya ibitera imihindagurikire y ikirere. Ubu ni bwo buryo bw ingenzi bwifashishwa mu guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ni igikorwa cyo kongerera abantu ubush- 15

16 obozi kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere. Ni uburyo bwo gufata ingamba bitewe n ibihe ibi n ibi biriho cyangwa bishobora kuzabaho cyangwa bitewe n ingaruka zabyo ku buryo ibyo bifasha kugabanya ingaruka mbi byagira. Bivuga kandi uburyo abantu baba biteguye guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere kandi ibyo bakabigeraho bongera ubushozi bwabo kandi banafata ingamba zo guhangana n iyo mihindagurikire no kwivana mu ngorane batewe na yo. Bivuga kandi uburyo twitegura ubwacu kuba twakihanganira ingaruka iyi n iyi igaragaye mu gace tubamo itewe n imihindagurikire y ikirere Kugabanya ibitera imihindagurikire y ikirere ni uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka zibangamira ikirere ziterwa n abantu. Ni ingamba zifatwa hagamijwe kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere hagabanywa ibikorwa bitera iyo myuka cyangwa hongerwa uburyo cyangwa ibintu bibika karuboni (reba ibisobanuro by amagambo: ibintu bibika karuboni) bituma iyo myuka iva mu kirere. Hatabayeho kugabanya ibintu bitera imihindagurikire y ikirere, byazageraho ikibazo cy imihindagurikire y ikirere kikaturenga tukananirwa kukirwanya. IBYIFASHISHWA N UBURYO BUKORESHWA Inyadiko 2.1 Gusobanukirwa imihindagurikire y ikirere- Ikiganiro kuri PowerPoint IBINDI BYAKURWAMO AMAKURU : Imihindagurikire y ikirere Ku birebana n ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere ndetse n ingaruka iyo mihindagurikire ishobora kuzagira, reba: Climate change 101: Understanding and responding to global climate change Available for download from Climate change 101: Science and impacts Available for download from: Climate101-Science-Jan09.pdf Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) For a lay persons summary of the 2013 Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in simplified language see: for all materials. UNEP and IFCCC Understanding climate change: A beginner s guide to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.Available for download from: Rwanda National Resources on Climate Change 16

17 IGICE CYA 3. KUMENYA INGARUKA Z IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE KU BATURAGE N UBUSHOBOZI BW ABATURAGE MU GUHANGANA N IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE Iminota 180 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE Iki gice kiribanda ku ntego yo kurushaho gusobanura ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere, kugaragaza inzego z ingenzi zigaragaramo ingaruka z iyo mihindagurikire no gusesengura ubushobozi abaturage bafite mu guhangana n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere n ibiza. Abahugurwa na bo basabwa kwiha icyerekezo ku birebana no guhangana n izo ngaruka mu duce batuyemo. INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: 1. Ibibazo by ingutu by imihindagurikire y ikirere bibangamiye agace batuyemo. 2. Kugaragaza uduce dushobora kuzahazwa n imihindagurikire y ikirere ndetse n inzego z ubukungu/imibereho zishobora kuzahazwa n iyo mihindagurikire ndetse n abaturage bashobora kuzahazwa na yo mu duce batuyemo 3. Gusobanura ubushobozi abaturage bafite mu rwego rwo guhangana n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere. 4. Kugaragaza icyerekezo ku birebana n uburyo abaturage bashobora guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere no kugaragaza igikenewe kugira ngo abaturage bashobore guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. IBISABWA MU RWEGO RW IKI GICE : Ibikorwa bikubiye muri iki gice bishingira ku nyandiko-shusho igaragaza imiterere y uko ikibazo gihagaze mu baturage yateguwe mu rwego rw imitegurire y ibikorwa bifasha abaturage kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. Ni ngomwa ko haba hari kopi z iyo nyandiko-shusho zigomba gukoreshwa mu bikorwa by amatsinda mato. AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati y imihindagurikire y ikirere, ingaruka zayo n amakuba: aya magambo afitanye isano ya hafi ku buryo usanga hari abantu bayitiranya. Amakuba ni icyago cyavuka kikangiza. Ni ikintu gishobora kuba kikangiza ibintu cyanga igikorwa cy umuntu gishobora gutuma abantu bapfa cyangwa bagakomereka, kikangiza ibintu, kikagira ingaruka ku mibereho no ku bukungu cyangwa kikangiza ibidukikije. Amakuba ashobora kuba ashingiye ku bitaka bityo akaba yavamo umutingito cyangwa ikindi kintu gihungabanya ubutaka. Amakuba ashobora kuba kandi ashingiye ku mazi bityo akaba yavamo imyuzure cyangwa tsunami cyangwa se akaba ashingiye ku miterere y ibihe bityo akaba yavamo imiyaga ikomeye, amapfa ndetse n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Imihindagurikire y ikirere ni amakuba yigaragaza nyuma y igihe kirekire bityo akaba yagabanya cyangwa akongera ivuka ry andi makuba. Amakuba ahinduka ibiza iyo yibasiye abantu. Ibiza kamere bigira ingaruka ku baturage cyangwa kuri sosiyete ku buryo bingira ingaruka zigera hirya no hino zirimo kwica abantu, kwangiza ibintu, kubungamira ubukungu cyangwa kwangiza ibidukikije ku buryo abaturage byibasiye badashobora kubona ubushobozi bwo guhangana na by obo ubwabo. Tuvugeko nk umuyaga wo mu rwego rwa 4 wibasiye amazi ariko ntugere ku butaka cyangwa se ukibasira ikirwa kidatuwe icyo gihe ufatwa nk icyiza kamere ariko igihe uwo muyaga wibasiye ahantu hatuwe cyangwa se ukica abantu ukanangiza ibidukikije, icyo gihe ufatwa nk ikiza. Kutagira ubushobozi bwo kutazahazwa n ingaruka ni uburyo bwo kuba imiterere 17

18 bwite, imibereho n ibidukikije bishobora gutuma habaho kuzahazwa n ingaruka z amakuba. Kugira ngo ikintu cyitwe ikiza kamere kigomba kuba gishobora kuzahazwa mu buryo ubu n ubu n ikintu iki n iki kibaye. Ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza ni ukuba amakuba ashobora kuvamo ibiza. Amagambo ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza akoreshwa iyo bashaka kuvuga ingaruka yangiza ishobora kuvuka cyangwa se ibintu bibi byitezwe ko bishobora kuba (gupfa kw abantu, gukomereka, kwangirika k umutungo. ingaruka ku mibereho, ingaruka ku bukungu n iyangirika ry ibidukikije) bitewe n uruhurirane rw amakuba kamere n amakuba aterwa n abantu ndetse no kutagira ubushobozi bwo kutazahazwa n ingaruka. Ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza bisobanurwa mu buryo bukurikira: Ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza = amakuba x kutagira ubushobozi bwo kutazahazwa n ingaruka Nta kintu gikomeye twakora ngo turwanye amakuba kamere ariko na none turamutse tugabanyije ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza dushobora kugabanya ingaruka z ibiza. Ubushobozi: urusobe rw amahirwe n ibintu abaturage bafite cyangwa sosiyete ifite cyangwa umuryango ufite bishobora kuyifasha kugabanya ikigero cy ibyago byo gushobora kugwirirwa n ibiza cyangwa se ingaruka z ibiza. Ubushobozi bushobora kuba ari ubugaragara, kuba hariho inzego cyangwa kuba hariho amikoro mu rwego rw imibereho cyangwa rw ubukungu ndetse no kugira ubushobozi mu kuyobora cyangwa mu micungire. Ubushobozi bushobora kandi gufatwa nk imbaraga. IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE 1.Kureba ingaruka imihindagurikire y ikirere ishobora kugira ku baturage 2. Gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati y uburyo abaturage babayeho n ikirere 3. Kugaragaza ibyago abaturage bafite byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza Ibyago byo gushobora kugwiririrwa n ibiza byaba ibigaragara, byaba ibishingiye ku bidukikije, ibishingiye ku mibereho, abaturage badasanzwe, ibishingiye ku mahirwe abagabo n abagore bahabwa. IBYIFASHISHWA: Isesengura ry ibibazo hifashishijwe uburyo bw igiti Ikigamijwe: Gusobanukirwa ibibazo abaturage bahura na byo bigaragarako bifitanye isano itaziguye n imihindagurikire y ikirere cyangwa biterwa na yo. Igihe igikorwa kimara: Iminota 60 Ibikoresho: udufishi, flip chart na marikeri Uko igikorwa kigenda Ikibazo itsinda ryawe ryahawe gusuzuma gifatwa nk ikibazo cy intangiriro. Icyo kibazo kigereranye nk igihimba cy igiti cyawe. Icyo kibazo cyandike ku gafishi maze ugafate ugashyire mu gice cyo hagati cy urupapuro rwawe. Gutanga ibitekerezo ku birebana n impamvu z iki kibazo. Izo mpamvu zigereranye n imizi y icyo kibazo cyangwa y igiti cyawe. Andika buri mpamvu ku ifishi yihariye. Kuri buri mpamvu, ibaze iki kibazo, Ese ni iki gitera ibi? kugeza igihe ugeze ku ntandaro nyayo y icyo kibazo Gutanga ibitekerezo ku birebana n ingaruka za cya kibazo cy intangiriro. Izo ngaruka zigerereranye n amashami y igiti cyawe. Andika buri ngaruka ku gafishi kihariye. Kuri buri ngaruka ibaze iki kibazo, ese ni iyihe ngaruka y iyi ngaruka? Komeza gukora ibi kugeza igihe ugaragaje ingaruka zose. IBYIFASHISHWA N UBURYO BUKORESHWA Inyandiko 3.1 Kumva neza ingaruka ziba ku baturage zijyanye n ihindagurika ry ikirere byerekanwa hifashishijwe PowerPoint. 18

19 UNIT 4. KUGENA UBURYO BUGARAGAZA UKO ABATURAGE BAHANGANA N IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE Iminota 180 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice kigamije gufasha amatsinda y abaturage gutegura gahunda y ibikorwa bigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: 1. Gusobanura ibice bya gahunda y ibikorwa abaturage bifashisha mu guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. 2. Kugaragaza ubushobozi abaturage basanganywe bwabafasha guhangana n ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere 3. Kugaragaza ibikorwa abaturage bagomba gukora mbere y ibindi byose. 4. Gusobanura buryo bwo gukora ibikorwa byagaragajwe bigomba gukorwa mbere y ibindi. IBISABWA MU RWEGO RW IKI GICE: Ibikorwa biteganyijwe muri iki Gice bishingira ku makuru agaragaza uko byifashe mu baturage yateguwe mu rwego rwego rw ibikorwa bigamije gufasha abaturage kurwanya ibiza. IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE Incamake ku birebana no kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda abaturage bihaye Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bigamije gufasha kumenya neza uburyo bwo kugena/gutegura ibikorwa bishya Gusesengura ubushobozi abaturage basanzwe bafite Gahunda Ibigo/imiryango Ubumenyi Kugena ibikorwa bigomba kubanziriza ibindi AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage: ibikorwa bikorwa n abaturage hagamijwe kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere kandi bishingira ku byo abaturage bumva byakorwa mbere y ibindi, bigashingira ku byo bakeneye, ku bumenyi n ubushobozi bafite kandi ibyo bikorwa bikaba bigomba guha abaturage ubushobozi bwo gutegura ibikorwa byo kurwanya ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere ndetse bagashobora no guhangana z izo ngaruka. Usanga abaturage barushaho kwitabira no gushyigikira ibikorwa byo gukumira no kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere cyane ko bifafasha kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Gutegura mbere y igihe ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere (Reba ubwoko bw ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere) ni uburyo bufasha abaturage gutuma bagabanya ibintu by ibanze bituma imihindagurikire y ikirere ibagiraho ingaruka kandi bagashobora kongerera ingufu inzego zabo, ibikorwa byabo ndetse n imibereho yabo. Ubwoko bw ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere: 19

20 Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere mbere y igihe ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa mbere y uko izo ngaruka zigaragara. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere ku buryo bufatiweho ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa atari uko habaye ibihe ibi n ibi ahubwo bikaba bikorwa ari uko hagaragaye impinduka zitewe n urusobe rw umutungo kamere n izitewe n imihindagurikire y uburyo abantu bakoraga ibintu ibi n ibi. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hakurikijwe uburyo bwabanje kugenwa Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa habanje gufatwa icyemezo cyo kubikora hashingiwe ku mpamvu zigaragazako habaye cyangwa hashobora kuba impinduka z ibihe bityo hakaba hagomba gufatwa ingamba kugira ngo hagerwe ku ntego iti n iyi yifuzwa ku birebana n izo mpinduka. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa n abantu ku giti cyabo ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bitekerezwa kandi bigakorwa n abantu ku giti cyabo, ingo cyangwa amasosiyete yigenga. Ubusanzwe bene ibyo bikorwa biba biri mu nyungu z ababikoze. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa na Leta Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bitekerezwa kandi bigakorwa na Leta ku nzego zose. Ubusanzwe ibyo bikorwa biba bigamije inyungu rusange. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere nyuma hashingiwe ku ngaruka Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bikorwa nyuma y uko ingaruka z iyo mihindagurikire zimaze kugaragara. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bitanoze Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bituma ingaruka z iyo mihindagurikire ziyongera aho kugira ngo zigabanyuke. IBYIFASHISHWA N UBURYO BUKORESHWA Inyandiko 4.1 Incamake y igenabikorwa bigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage itangwa hifashishijwe ikiganiro cyerekanirwa kuri Power Point Inyandiko 4.2 Imbonerahamwe ikubiyemo ingamba zo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere Kwifashisha imbonerahamwe ikurikira hagamijwe kumenya uburyo abaturage bashoboye guhangana n ibibazo by imihindagurikire y ikirere bahuye na byo. Mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira hakubiyemo ingero 3 gusa zigamije kubafasha kumenya uko abaturage babyifashemo. Iyi mbonerahamwe igomba kuzuzwa bitewe n uko ibintu byifashe mu duce dutandukanye abaturage abamutuyemo. 20

21 Ikibazo cyabaye/ibipimo Uburyo bwo guhangana n ikibazo Ikigero cy akamaro ubwo buryo bwagize Ikigero cyo hasi Ikigero kiringaniye Ikigero cyo hejuru Urugero: Amapfa Kurushaho gusasira x maremare/ibura ibihingwa ry amazi Guhitamo ibihingwa x byihanganira amapfa Imyuzure Imiyoboro y amazi x Inyandiko 4.3 Uburyo bwo gutegura ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere (Ifishi yifashishwa) Uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere bwatoranyijwe Ibikorwa/Ibipi mo Uzakora ibikorwa Igihe agomba kuba yabirangirije Ibikenewe 21

22 IGICE CYA 5. KUMENYEKANISHA GAHUNDA Y IBIKORWA BYO KURWANYA IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE KUGIRA NGO ISHYIGIKIRWE Iminota 70 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice kigaragaza ibishingirwaho by ibanze kugira ngo hatangwe ku buryo bunoze amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere hagaragazwa imbogamizi zibangamira itangwa ry amakuru arebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Iki gice kibanda ku buryo bukoreshwa mu guha abandi amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Mu bahabwa ayo makuru harimo abafata ibyemezo, ibitangazamakuru ndetse n abandi baturage basanzwe. INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: 1. Gusobanura uburyo bwo gutegura amakuru atangwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere. 2. Gusobanura uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y ibikorwa bigamije gutanga amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE Akamaro ko gutanga amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere: Kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y amakuru abaturage bazi n amakuru yagaragajwe n ubushakashatsi Impamvu ituma itangwa ry amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere rishobora kugorana : Imyumvire n ibyo abantu bibwira ko ari byo kandi atari byo Intego ziba zigamijwe mu gutanga amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere Kugena gahunda yo gutanga amakuru ku mihindagurikire y ikirere Gusobanura ikiba kigamijwe, intego, in- gamba n ibikorwa biteganyijwe Urugero ndeberwaho AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Itangwa ry amakuru: uburyo bushobora gukoreshwa hagamijwe kugera kugera ku ntego y ingenzi iyi n iyi. Itangwa ry amakuru rishobora kuba rigamije kwigisha abaturage, gukora ubukangurambaga cyangwa ubuvugizi. Itangwa ry amakuru rigamije ubukangurambaga no kwigisha abaturage rifasha abantu kumenya amakuru ku kintu iki n iki bityo bakarushaho kugisobanukirwa kandi rikabafasha gushishikarira guhindura imikorere cyangwa imyitwarire. Urugero: kugabanya ibikorwa byangiza ( itemwa ry amashyamba ritera imyuzure), gusesagura amazi n ingufu z amashanyarazi, gutunganya nabi imyanda cyangwa kongera ibikorwa bifasha umuntu cyangwa abaturage guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere (kongera gutera amashyamba cyangwa gushaka ubundi buryo bw imibereho butuma amashyamba abungwabungwa, gufata amazi, gukora ubuhinzi burambye). Iryo tangwa ry amakuru banaryita ibikorwa by ubukangurambage bigamije gushishikariza abantu guhindura imyitwarire. Itangwa ry amakuru rigamije ubuvugizi ryo riba rigamije gushishikariza abafata ibyemezo gufata ingamba iyi n iyi. Usanga ibikorwa bigamije ubuvugizi byibanda ku ntego yo gutuma habaho impinduka ku birebana n ikibazo iki n iki cyangwa ku birebana na politiki iyi n iyi ku rwego rw abaturage, urw akarere, urw igihugu cyangwa urw isi. Urugero: politiki igamije gutanga ubufasha 22

23 bw imari hagamijwe gushishikariza abantu gukoresha tekinoloji z ingufu zisubira cyangwa kurushaho gukomeza inyubako kugira ngo zishobore guhangana n ibihe bibi. Iryo tangwa ry amakuru banaryita ibikorwa bigamije gushishikariza impinduka muri politiki zisanzweho. Gahunda y ibikorwa byo gutanga amakuru igufasha kugaragaza: 1. Impinduka wifuza kugeraho wifashishije itangwa ry amakuru (intego); 2. Abantu cyangwa amatsinda wifuza kwibandaho (abo uteganya kugezaho amakuru); 3. Amakuru wifuza gutanga (ubutumwa bw ibanze); 4. Abagomba gutanga ayo makuru neza; 5. Ibikorwa biberanye na buri tsinda ushaka kwibandaho (imiyoboro yo kwifashisha mu gutanga amakuru); 6. Uburyo uzagera ku ntego zawe (ibikorwa n ingengabihe); 7. Uburyo bwo gupima ibyagezweho n umushinga wawe (isuzuma). IBYIFASHISHWA N UBURYO BUKORE- SHWA Inyandiko 5.1 Ikiganiro kirebana n uburyo bw itangwa ry amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere gitangwa hifashishijwe PowerPoint Inyandiko 5.2 Inama zifashishwa mu gutanga amakuru ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere Gukora buryo usobanukirwa ibibazo n ingingo ushaka gutangaho amakuru ku bandi mbere yo gutanga ayo makuru Iyo usobanukiwe neza ikintu birakorohera kugisobanurira abandi no kubumvishako ari ngombwa gufata ingamba ku buryo bwihutirwa. Nta n ubwo ugomba kugira ubwoba bwo kubaza impuguke cyangwa abandi bantu bahora buri gihe mu bikorwa wifuza gusobanurira abandi kugira ngo urusheho kubisobanukirwa. Guhera ku byo abantu basanzwe bazi Abantu barushaho kumva vuba ibintu, ibitekerezo n amakuru iyo bashobora kubihuza n ibyo basanzwe bazi. Ni byiza gushingira ku byo abantu basanzwe bazi aho kugira ngo utangire ubabwira ibintu bibagoye kumva. Gukoresha imvugo yumvikana neza itarimo amagambo ya tekiniki cyangwa amagambo agorana akoreshwa mu rwego rw imihindagurikire y ikirere. Abantu batari inzobere ntibashobora gusobanukirwa imvugo ikoreshwa n inzobere. Bigora abantu gusobanukirwa iyo amagambo akoreshejwe atari ayo basanzwe bamenyereye cyangwa iyo adasobanuwe mu buryo butuma bashobora kuyasobanukirwa. Ubutumwa butangwa bugomba kuba bwumvikana, ari ukuri kandi bworoshye kumvikana Kwirinda gutangira icyarimwe amakuru menshi cyane ku bintu byinshi bitandukanye. Ni ngombwa gufata umwanya ugatekereza ukareba ibyo ushakako abahabwa ubutumwa bumva kandi ukibanda ku makuru aza ashimangira ubwo butumwa. Kuvuga ku bintu abahabwa ubutumwa baba bazi Iyo utanga ubutumwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere, ni ngombwa kuvuga ku bintu bigaragaza ibyo abahabwa ubutumwa bahuye na byo. Ni ngombwa kandi gukoresha ingero ziganisha kuri ibyo bintu bahuye na byo. Iyo uha umunyarwanda ubutumwa ni byiza kumuha ingero zigaragaza ibiri mu gihugu aho kumubwira ku bintu biba nk i Burayi kandi mu Rwanda bitahaba. Kwerekana ingaruka z imihindagurikire y ikirere mu buryo bufatika Gukoresha ingero zigaragaza ibyo uvuga. Aho kuvuga ngo ibyangije na serwa- 23

24 kira ni byinshi, ni byiza kugaragaza mu mafaranga agaciro k ibyo byangiritse mu gihugu iki n iki. Ayo makuru arebana n agaciro k ibyangiritse ashobora kuva mu bigo by igihugu bishinzwe kurwanya ibiza. Ni byiza kandi gukoresha amashusho (videwo n amafoto) agaragaza ingaruka z imhindagurikire y ikirere kugira ngo ushimangira ibyo uvuga. Kubeshyuza vuba na vuba ibyo abantu bumva ko ari byo kandi atari byo Hari ibintu byinshi birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere abantu bumvako ari byo kandi ntaho bihuriye n ukuri. Usanga akenshi abantu bitiranya imhindagurikire y ikirere n ibindi bintu. Hari abantu baziko iyangirika ry agakingirizo k izuba n imihindagurikire y ikirere ari ibintu bimwe cyangwa bakaba baziko gukoresha imiti ifuhirwa cyanga indi miti izamura imyuka ari byo bintu biza ku isonga mu kwangiza ikirere. Abantu kandi bakunda kwitiranya ibihe n ikirere. Guhuza ubutumwa butangwa n ibiriho Kureba ukagenzura ibyo abantu bo mu gace ubamo bavugaho ndetse n ibisohoka mu bitangazamakuru no kureba isano bifitanye n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Kwereka iyo sano abo uha ubutumwa. Ushobora gukoresha raporo zisohoka mu bitangazamakuru n amafoto atangazwa ku birebana n imyuzure, imiyaga ikaze, amapfa, n ibindi kugira ngo werekane ingaruka ziri guterwa n imihindagurikire y ikirere. Kwifashisha iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru byizihizwa ku rwego rw igihugu cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mbere y uko utangira gutanga ubutumwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y isi. Muri byo twavuga Umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe ibishanga ( tariki ya 2 Gashyantare), Umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe ibidukikije ( tariki ya 5 Kamena), Umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kubungabunga isi dutuyeho (tariki ya 22 Mata) n Umunsi mpuzamahanga wo kurwanya ibiza (usanzwe uba mu kwezi k Ukwakira) Guhuza imihindagurikire y ikirere n ibindi bibazo birebana n ibidukikije n imibereho y abaturage abahabwa ubutumwa basanzwe bazi kugira ngo bashobore kumenya isano iri hagati y ibyo byose. Imvura nyinshi cyangwa inkangu bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kugaragaza ikibazo cy uko hagenda habaho imihindagurikire y ikirere no kureba icyakorwa muri urwo rwego. Kwibanda ku byo abahabwa ubutumwa bafitiye ubushobozi bwo gukora Ni byizako impinduka ushakako abahabwa ubutumwa bakora aba ari impinduka zishoboka. Gufasha abantu kumva igishoboka bitewe n ubushobozi n ubwenge bafite. Kubafasha kumenyako buri kintu cyose bakora gifite akamaro. Kubereka uburyo uruhare rwa buri wese n urw abaturage bishobora kugira akamaro kagaragara. Gukoresha uburyo bushya budasanzwe mu gutanga ubutumwa Gukoresha uburyo (imiyoboro) butandukanye ndetse n ibikorwa bitandukanye kugira ngo utange ubutumwa ku bo ushaka kubuha. Si ngombwa kwibanda buri gihe ku buryo bw ibitangazamakuru ( ibinyamakuru, radiyo na televiziyo) bisanzwe biriho cyangwa ngo wumveko ari ngombwa gukoresha ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa ( inkuru zanditse mu binyamakuru, amakuru kuri radiyo na televiziyo). Ni ngombwa na none kureba niba utanakoresha uburyo busanzwe bwaba indirimbo, imbyino cyangwa amakinamico. Inyandiko 5.3 Ibyiciro bikurikizwa mu gutanga ubutumwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere 24

25 Icyiciro cya 1. Gusobanura intego ugamije mu gutanga ubutumwa Intego ugamije mu gutanga ubutumwa zigomba kuba zishingiye ku ntego rusange umushinga ugamije. Kwifashisha ibibazo bikurikira kugira ngo umenye niba intego ugamije mu gutanga ubutumwa zifitanye isano n ibikorwa by ubukangurambaga, ibyo kwigisha n ibyo gukora ubuvugizi. Ubukangurambaga/kwigisha: Ese intego ugamije ni ukwigisha cyangw ugukora ubukangurambaga ku itsinda iri n iri ry abantu ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere no ku birebana n ingaruka n akamaro kayo mu gace aka n aka batuyemo? Ese icyo wifuza ni uko abagize iryo tsinda bahindura imyitwarire iyi n iyi cyangwa bakora ibikorwa ibi n ibi? Ese urifuzako ufata icyemezo amenya ikibazo iki n iki kiriho? Ese waba wifuza kumvisha umuyobozi wo mu nzego z ibanze/ku rwego rw igihugu/rema impamvu ari ngombwa gufata ingamba iyi n iyi? Ese waba wifuza ko politi cyangwa amabwiriza bisanzwe biriho byashingira ku bitekerezo byawe? Ese hari ingamba ushaka gushishikariza abantu gufata mu gace aka n aka nko gusabako hashyirwaho uburyo butuma politiki n amabwiriza aya n aya byubahirizwa? Ese waba wifuza gushishikaza abantu kugirana ibiganiro n umuryango ukorera cyangwa urwego ukoramo hagamijwe gushakira umuti ikibazo iki n iki? Ubuvugizi no gushishikariza igikorwa iki n iki: Tuvugeko intego y ibanze y umushinga wawe ari Gufsha abahinzi n aborozi bo mu mudugudu X kugira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere mu gihe cy imyaka itatu, icyo gihe intego ugamije mu gutanga ubutumwa zigomba kuba ari izi zikurikira: a) Gufasha abahinzi n aborozi bo mu Mudugudu X kurushaho kumenya imihindagurikire y ikirere ndetse n ingaruka zayo ku mibereho yabo no ku baturage muri rusange. b) Gushishikariza abahinzi n aborozi kuvugurura ubuhinzi bwabo bashingiye ku mihindagurikire y ikirere ibyo bakabigeraho bakora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ubutaka, ibyo kurushaho gufata amazi uko bikwiye no gukoresha tekiniki zo kuhira no guhinga ibihingwa bitandukanye. c) Gushishikariza Leta gutanga agahimbazamushyi ku bakora ubuhinzi butuma habaho kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere no kugabanya ibiyitera. (Ubukangurambaga kwigisha) (Ubukangurambaga kwigisha) (Ubuvugizi) ni ni Iyo utegura gahunda y ibikorwa byawe, ni ngombwako ubanza kugaragaza neza intego ugamije mu gutanga ubutumwa mbere y uko ujya ku cyiciro gikurikiraho. Icyiciro cya 2.Kureba ibizakenerwa n aho bizava Iyo umaze kugaragaza intego ugamije, ni ngombwa kureba niba umuryango ukorera ufite ubumenyi n amikoro bihagije mu rwego rwo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y ibikorwa uteganya. Ese ufite amakuru yose ukeneye cyangwa ni ngombwako hakorwa ubundi bushakashatsi? Ese ni gute uzabona ayo makuru yandi akenewe? Ni ngombwa gukora urutonde rugaraga- 25

26 za ubumenyi bukenewe no kureba niba umuryango ukorera ufite ubwo bumenyi. Ni ngombwa guteganya ibikenewe byose bishoboka. Abakozi bawe, abo mukorana cyangwa abakorerabushake mukorana bashobora kuba bafite ubumenyi ku birebana no gukora ubushakashatsi cyangwa se ubundi bumenyi ubu n ubu bushbora kugufasha mu bikorwa byawe by ubukangurambaga. Ni ngombwa gutegura gahunda yawe wumva uzakoresha mu gutanga ubutumwa kugira ngo ushingire ku byiza usanganywe no gukora ubufatanye n abandi kugira ngo ingorane waba ufite zibonerwe umuti. Gukorana n abandi cyangwa n ihuriro ry indi miryango bishobora kugufasha kurushaho kunoza ibikorwa byawe byo gutanga ubutumwa (reba Igice cya 3.2 Gukora ubufatanye). Icyiciro cya 3. Kugena amatsinda ushaka kwibandaho mu bikorwa byawe Muri iki cyiciro ni ngombwa gufata icyemezo ku birabana n abantu cyangwa amatsinda ugomba kwegera kugira ngo ugere ku ntego wihaye. Abo bantu cyangwa ayo matsinda ni yo aba agomba kwibandwaho mu bikorwa byawe. Ni ngombwa kwibukako ushobora kugira itsinda rirenze rimwe. Ushobora kugira amatsinda wibandaho mbere y andi yose bitewe n uruhare ubona ko yagira mu kuzana impinduka cyangwa mu kugera ku bikorwa uteganya. Kugaragaza ibiranga amatsinda ushaka kwibandaho. Ese ni gute ato matsinda yifuza guhabwa ubutumwa ( mu nyandiko, mu buryo bw iyumva-bona, kuvugana nawe imbonankubone)? Ese muri ayo matsinda abenshi ni abagore cyangwa ni abagabo? Ese batunzwe n iki? Ibisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo biguha ifoto nyayo y abantu wifuza kwibandaho. Icyiciro cya 4. Gutegura ubutumwa wifuza gutanga Iyo umaze kugaragaza abantu ushaka kwibandaho, hakurikiraho gutegura ubutumwa wifuza kubaha. Ubutumwa nyabwo bugomba kuba bufite intego: ni ukuvugako buba bugamije ikintu iki n iki; bukaba bubereye koko abo bugenewe; bukaba bufitanye isano n ikintu buvugaho kandi ababuhabwa bakaba babwizeye kandi hakaba hari ibintu cyangwa ibimenyetso bibushimangira. Ubutumwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere bugomba kwerekanako hagomba gufatwa ingamba zihutirwa kandi bukanagaragaza inyungu zizava mu gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka ukoraho ubuvugizi. Ubwo butumwa kandi bugomba kwerekanako izo mpinduka zizafasha guhangana n ingaruka kandi zikanafasha kurwanya icyahungabanya imibereho ndetse zikanatuma uburemere bw ingaruka bugabanyuka. Burya ntibihagije kubwira abantu ko ikintu iki n iki ari kiza bityo ko bagomba kugikora. Hari ibintu byiza byinshi bishobora gukorwa abantu basanzwe bazi ariko ntibabikore. Baba bakeneye kureba ibiri muri icyo kintu byabagirira akamaro kandi ibifitiye akamaro itsinda iri n iri hari ibihe bitarigirira irindi tsinda. Urugero: abanyapolitiki usanga bashishikarira kugaragara neza imbere y abaturage babatora ku buryo uba ugomba gukoresha kuri bo ingero zigaragaza ingaruka ibintu ibi n ibi biri kugira ku baturage no kuvuga ibyo abaturage bakeneye, ibitekerezo byabo ndetse n udushya bagezeho. Ariko iyo bigeze ku bakozi bakora akazi ko mu rwego rwa tekiniki usanga bo bakeneye mbere na mbere ibimenyetso byemejwe n ubushakashatsi kugira ngo babe bakemera gushyigikira politiki iyi n iyi cyangwa itegeko iri n iri biri gutegurwa. Icyiciro cya 5. Kumenya abantu nyabo bagomba kwifashishwa mu gutanga ubutumwa Burya kugira ubutumwa bwiza ntibihagije 26

27 kuko ari na ngombwa kuba ufite umuntu nyawe ugomba kubutanga. Umucuranzi umukinnyi bakunzwe cyane bashobora gutanga neza ubutumwa ku rubyiruko kurenza uko umushakashatsi cyangwa umunyapolitiki yabikora. Ni no muri urwo rwego kandi ufata ibyemezo cyangwa umunyapolitiki ashobora kurushaho kwakira ubutumwa vuba iyo abuhawe n impuguke iyi n iyi. Abayobozi b amadini n amatorero na bo barushaho kwizezwa mu madini no mu matorero yabo bityo bakaba bashobora guhuza ubutumwa ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere n indangagaciro bemera. Ingero z imiyoboro, ibikorwa n ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kugeza amakuru ku bo agenewe Ibikorwa Icyiciro cya 6. Kugeza ubutumwa ku babugenewe Mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira hakubiyemo imwe mu miyoboro (uburyo), ibikorwa n ibikoresho ushobora gukoresha kugira ngo ubutumwa bwawe bugere ku bo bugenewe. Uhitamo uburyo ukoresha bitewe n abo ushaka kugezaho ubutumwa kandi na none bikaba bigomba guterwa n ingengo y imari wagennye. Gukoresha uburyo burenze bumwe na byo biba byiza kurusha gukoresha uburyo bumwe gusa. Ibikoresho Ahamanikwa ubutumwa Internet, harimo imbuga nkoranyambaga Ibirori (iminsi idasanzwe, ibihembo, amamurikagurisha) Kuganira n umuntu imbonankubone, harimo: kumusura, inama zitandukanye, ibiganiro n ibindi. Ibitangazamakuru Radiyo Televiziyo Ibinyamakuru Ibinyamakuru byibanda ku ngingo izi n izi Abatanga amatangazo ahahurirwa n abantu benshi nko mu masoko n ahandi Ubuvugizi mu bo mukorana mubana kandi muri mu kigero kimwe n abantu baharanira ikintu iki n iki Ahantu hasengerwa no mu misigiti Aho abaturage bahurira n ahantu abantu bidagadurira Amaserukiramuco Amasomero Amasoko Amashuri Ku kazi harimo n aho amafi ashyirwa nyuma yo kurobwa Aho imodoka cyangwa bisi zihagarara Ubutumwa bwohererezwa abafatabuguzi ku buryo bw ikoranabuhanga Inama zitandukanye Guhura imbonankubone n abantu aba n aba cyangwa itsinda iri n iri Inama rusange Imbwirwaruhame/ibigani ro bigezwa kuri: Komisiyo z Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Amatsinda yihariye Inama z abayobozi b inzego z ibanze Ibiganiro n abaturage Inama zihuza abaturage Inama zihuza abantu bo mu nzego izi n izi nk iz amashyirahamwe y abakora umwuga uyu n uyu cyangwa iz amashyirahamwe y ubucuruzi, iza sendika, n ibindi. Amazu y imyidagaduro n ibindi nk imikino cyangwa ibiganiro bifasha abantu kwidagadura kandi bikabigisha Ibiganiro n abanyamakuru Inama nyunguranabitekerezo Inyandiko ntangabutumwa n ubutumwa bugufi butangwa mu nyandiko Ubutumwa bumanikwa Ubutumwa bugenewe ibitangazamakuru n amatangazo agenewe abanyamakuru Inyandiko zivuga ku ngingo iyi n iyi zihabwa abanyamakuru Amafishi akubiyemo amakuru Amakuru afatika n inkuru bitanzwe n abaturage Amashusho ku nkuta, amafoto, n ibishushanyo Amabaruwa agenewe umwanditsi mukuru Ibiganiro bitangwa hifashishijwe videwo Ibiganiro bitangwa hifashishijwe PowerPoint Amatangazo agenewe abakozi ba Leta Incamake ya politiki iyi n iyi Imbuga za interineti Indirimbo Udukino tumeze nk ikinamico Ibikoreshwa mu kwamamaza n impano zitangwa muri uko kwamamaza 27

28 Icyiciro cya 7. Gutegura ingengabihe 35 Ni ngombwa kugena amwe mu matariki ntarengwa intego zigamijwe mu gutanga ubutumwa zigomba kuba zagezweho no gutekereza ku bikorwa cyangwa ku ngamba bikenewe n igihe bigomba kuba byagiyeho. Ingengabihe yanditsi ni yo ifasha gukora ibikorwa mu gihe cyagenwe. Hari igihe bishobora kuba ngombwa kugaragaza ibikorwa by ingenzi cyangwa by ibanze bigomba gukorwa mbere y ibindi byose. Urugero: niba inyandiko ndangabutumwa iyi n iyi ari ingenzi mu bikorwa by ubukangurambaga uteganya, ibyo bikorwa by ubukangurambaga ntibishobora gutangira igihe cyose izo nyandiko zitari zacapwa. Icyiciro cya 8. Gusuzuma ibyo wagezeho- Gupima no gusuzuma ibyo wagezeho ni byo bigufasha kumenya niba warageze ku ntego bityo ugashobora kunoza ibitari byanozwa mu bihe biri imbere. 28

29 IGICE CYA 6. GUKURIKIRANA NO GUSUZUMA GAHUNDA YANYU YO KURWANYA IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y IKIRERE HI- FASHISHIJWE ABATURAGE Iminota 80 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice gikubiyemo uburyo bukurikizwa mu ikurikiranabikorwa no mu isuzumabikorwa ndetse n ibisobanuro by amagambo y ingenzi akoreshwa muri urwo rwego (Reba amagambo n ingingo by ingenzi mu gika gikurikira). Iki gice kigaragazako ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa ari ibintu bigomba gukorwa buri munsi kandi abo bireba bose bakaba bagomba kubimenyera mu bikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Hakubiyemo kandi uburyo bukurikizwa mu gutegura inzira y ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa mu rwego rwa gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage hakaba hanakubiyemo ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kumenya ibyagezweho. Mu gusoza iki gice, hagaragazwa ingamba zigomba gufatwa mu bihe biri imbere hagamijwe kunoza neza uburyo bukurikizwa. IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE 1. Gusobanukirwa ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa Kwiha intego zigaragara Kugaragaza ibigomba kugerwaho vuba n ibigomba kugerwaho nyuma y igihe Kugaragaza ibipimo Gufata icyemezo ku birebana n uburyo bwo kumenya ibyagezweho Impamvu hagomba kubaho ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa Kujyanisha gusobanura ibyo ukora no kwigira ku byakozwe INTEGO Z ISOMO RIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: Gusobanukirwa akamaro ko gusobanura neza ibyo wifuza kugeraho kugira ngo ube washobora kubikurikirana no kubisuzuma Gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati y ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa Gutanga ingero z ibigomba kugerwaho vuba n ibigomba kugerwaho nyuma y igihe no kugaragaza itandukaniro hagati y ibyo byombi. Kumenya akamaro k ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa mu rwego rwo gusobanura ibyo umuntu akora no mu rwego rwo kwigira ku byakozwe. Gushyiraho bimwe mu bipimo bigaragaza ibyagezweho mu rwego rwa gahunda y ibikorwa bigomba gukorwa n abaturage. Kumenya uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru yifashishwa mu ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa mu rwego rw umushinga. 2. Gutegura gahunda y ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa mu rwego rwa gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y ikirere hifashishijwe abaturage Kwizera ko ufite intego zigaragara Kumenya ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kumenya impinduka zabaye mu baturage Kumenya ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kumenya impinduka zabaye mu bafatanyabikorwa Kumenya ibindi bipimo by impinduka Ibikorwa bigomba gukurikiraho mu rwego rwo kurangiza ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa 29

30 AMAGAMBO N INGINGO BY INGENZI Ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa: Bitewe n uko aya magambo uko ari abiri akunda kujyana, usanga akenshi abantu bayitiranya cyangwa bagatekerezako ari amwe mu gihe atariko bimeze. Ikurikiranabikorwa rikorwa hafi buri gihe kandi rifasha kumenya: Niba hari intambwe iri guterwa mu kugera ku ntego no kugaragaza ikigero cy iyo ntambwe. Niba ibikorwa/imishinga/gahunda biri kugenda uko byateganyijwe ku birebana n uburyo ibintu biri gukoreshwa (amafaranga, abantu, ibikoresho) no kumenya niba biri no gukoreshwa hakurikijwe ingengabihe yagenwe. Ibintu byabaye bidatututse ku mushinga cyangwa biturutse mu mushinga imbere bikaba byarahindutse mu buryo butari bwitezwe (bityo ukaba ugomba kuvugurura gahunda zawe). Amasomo yungutswe yakifashishwa mu kunoza ibikorwa. Isuzumabikorwa ryo ni igikorwa kiba mu bihe byagenwe bityo rikaba ryakorwa umushinga cyangwa igikorwa bigeze hagati cyangwa birangiye cyangwa igihe habaye ikintu kidasanzwe nk amapfa cyangwa ibiza. Isuzumabikorwa rifasha kumenya: Niba ibyifuzwaga kugerwaho byaragezweho cyangwa se niba biri kugerwaho Niba ibyari bigamije kugerwaho (byaba byiza cyangwa bibi) ku buryo byaza bitunguranye byaragezweho Amasomo yakurwa ku kintu cyabaye Ikigomba gukurikiraho (aha twavuga nko gukurikirana umushinga) Ikurikiranabikorwa ryibanda cyane cyane ku bigomba kugerwaho vuba mu gihe isuzumabikorwa ryo ryibanda cyane cyane ku bigomba kugerwaho nyuma y igihe Ibyagezweho: uburyo bwose dushobora gukoresha mu kwerekana/kugaragaza/ guhamya ko gahunda/umushinga/igikorwa byacu byagezweho cyangwa ko byafashije kugera ku ntego zari zarateganyijwe. Ibyagezweho kandi ingaruka zazanywe na gahunda/umushinga/igikorwa byacu ariko zitari zitezwe (ibyagezweho ku buryo butari bwitezwe). Mu rwego rw ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa, ibyagezweho bishyirwa mu bice bibiri: Ibyagezweho vuba: Ibi ni ibintu bigaragara biba bigomba kugerwaho mu gihe kigufi cyangwa giciriritse bikaba bigerwaho ku buryo butaziguye bitewe n ibikorwa wakoze. Urugero: abantu 20 bo mu Karere ka Bugesera bahuguwe ku birebana n ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa. Gahunda y ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa yateguwe n abaturage mu Karere ka Bugesera. Uburyo bushya bwo gufata amazi mu Mudugudu X wo mu Karere ka Bugesera. Umushinga wateguwe ugaterwa inkunga mu rwego rw Icyiciro cya 2 cy ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y ibikorwa ryakozwe n abaturage. Ibyagezweho nyuma y igihe: impinduka zigaragara zigerwaho nyuma y igihe kirekire ugasanga akenshi zifitanye isano n imyitwarire y abantu, imigenzereze yabo n ibikorwa byabo. Birahagije kuba wavuga uti igikorwa/ umushinga/gahunda byanjye bafashije kugera ku ntego y igihe kirekire kuko hari ibindi bintu byagize uruhare mu kugera kuri iyo ntego. Urugero: Abahinzi n aborozi bahisemo gukora ubuhinzi n ubworozi bya kinyambere bitewe n uko basobanukiwe ingaruka imihindagurikire y ikirere yagize ku mibereho yabo. Ababyeyi bo mu Karere ka Bugesera bita cyane ku bihe by ejo hazaza h abana n abuzukuru babo kuberako hashizweho gahunda zo kwitegura guhangana no kur- 30

31 wanya imihindagurikire y ikirere. Abana benshi biga mu Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Bugesera bifuza kugira uruhare muri gahunda y iteganyagihe. Muri iki gihe imiryango ishingiye ku idini iri kwinjiza inyigisho ku birebana n imihindagurikire y ikirere muri gahunda zigenewe urubyiruko. Ikurikiranabikorwa riba rigamije gupima no kugira uruhare mu rwego rwo kumenya uburyo bwakoreshwa mu kurushaho kugera ku inozabikorwa no ku ireme ry ibikorwa. Inozabikorwa rishingiye cyane cyane ku gusuzuma hagamijwe kureba niba igikorwa/umushinga/gahunda biri gufasha kugera ku byifuzwa kugerwaho no kwibaza ikibazo kigira kiti, Ese turi gukora ibintu uko bikwiye? Ireme ry ibikorwa ryo rishingiye ku kumenya niba igikorwa/umushinga/ gahunda riri gukoresha neza ubushobozi butandukanye buriho no kwibaza ikibazo kigira kiti, Ese turi gukora ibintu uko bikwiye? Urugero: Niba intego yawe ari uguteka ifunguro ryiza rya saa sita ku cyumweru ku bantu 30 buri wese agomba kwishyura amadorari 5, igikorwa cyawe cyaba kinoze uramutse ugaburiye abo bantu uko ari 30 kandi bakishima. Ni muri urwo rwego igikorwa cyawe cyagira ireme uramutse ubagaburiye ku giciro kiri hasi y amadorari 5 kandi iryo funguro ukaribaha ku gihe cyagenwe. Gusobanura ibyo ukora no kwigira ku byakozwe: ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa bigira akamaro ku buryo bubiri: Gusobanura ibyo ukora no kwigira ku byakozwe. Ariko hari igihe bishobora kugorana kubihuza neza. Urugero: gusobanura ibyo ukora ni igikorwa kibanda ku kwereka abafatanyabikorwa ( abaterankunga, ibigo nterankunga) n abagenerwabikorwa (abo umushinga wawe ugirira akamaro) ko uri kugera ku byo wiyemeje kugeraho kandi ko uri gukoresha umutungo neza. Ni ukuvugako ufata igihe kirekire ugaragaza uko uri gukora ibikorwa ugereranyije n ibyo wavuzeko uzakora igihe umushinga watangiraga kandi ukibanda ku byagezweho vuba ( kandi ibyo ukabikora wizerako bazaguha indi nkunga). Kwigira ku byakoze ni uburyo bw ingenzi bufasha kugera ku ntego wateganyije mu rwego rw igikorwa/umushinga/gahunda biri gukorwa no ku ntego z ibyo uteganya mu bihe biri imbere. Ni igikorwa gisaba gusuzuma ukareba ibyagenze neza n ibyo ugomba kunoza mu bihe biri imbere uretseko na none kigufasha kugaragariza umuterankunga cyangwa abagenerwabikorwa ibyo wagezeho kubera gutinyako bashobora gutekerezako udashoboye. Icyiza kandi ni uko abantu bagenda barushaho kumvako kwigira ku byakozwe ari bwo buryo bwo gutera intambwe. INYANDIKO 6.1 IKIGANIRO Inyandiko 6.2 Urugero rw ikurikiranabikorwa n isuzumabikorwa 31

32 IGICE CYA 7: GUSUZUMA UKO AMAHUGURWA YAGENZE NO GUSOZA Iminota 30 INCAMAKE Y IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE: Iki gice giha abahugurwa umwanya wo gutanga ibitekerezo haba mu magambo cyangwa mu nyandiko kugira ngo bagaragaze uko babona amahugurwa yagenze ariko bakagaragaza cyane cyane niba ibyo bari biteze kuri ayo mahugurwa byaragezweho kandi bakavuga amasomo babonako bungutse ku buryo bashobora kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Ifishi yanditse igaragarizwaho uko amahugurwa yagenze irimo n igice abahugurwa bashobora kwandikamo ubundi bumenyi bumva bakeneye kongererwa. INTEGO Z ISOMO: Iki gice nikirangira, abahabwa amahugurwa bazaba bashobora: Kwemeza niba amahugurwa yaratumye ibyo bari biteze agitangira bigerwaho. Kuvuga ikintu bize akaba ari cyo cy ingenzi kiza imbere y ibindi byose. Kugaragaza ibyo bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa bikagira uruhare mu gufasha abaturage kwitegura guhangana n ibiza. Kugaragaza ubumenyi bundi beneye kongererwa muri urwo rwego. IBIKUBIYE MURI IKI GICE Gusuzuma uko amahugurwa yagenze no gusoza Ese ni ku kihe kigero amahugurwa yafashije kugera ku byo wari witeze? Ese ni iki gishya wungutse? Ese ni iki ushobora gushyira mu bikorwa? Ese ni ubuhe bumenyi wowe ubwawe n umuryango ukorera mukeneye kongererwa? Gutanga ibitekerezo Hari abahugurwa bumva atari byiza kuvuga ibintu batishimiye mu mahugurwa cyangwa se kuvuga uko uwatanze amahugurwa yayatanze. Nyamara ariko ni ngombwako abateguye amahugurwa n uyatanga basaba abahugura gutanga bene ibyo bitekerezo kugira ngo mahugurwa azakorwa mu bihe bizakurikiraho azashobore kunozwa. Hari uburyo bubiri ibyo bishobora gukorwamo mu kunenga mu buryo bwubaka (ibi kandi ntibikenewe mu mahugurwa kuko bikenerwa no mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi): Ushobora kuvuga uti ikigomba gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye n ubwo cyakozwemo ( ubu ni uburyo bwo kunenga bwubaka) aho kuvuga uti Sinigeze nkunda na gato.. Ushobora kuvuga uko ubona ibintu byagenze ugaragaza uko wumvaga umerewe cyangwa uko intekerezo zawe zari zimeze aho kuvugako kanaka yakoze ikintu nabi: Numvise nteshejwe agaciro kuko utanga amahugurwa atigeze ashaka kumenya ibyo nari nsanzwe nzi cyangwa ngo ambaze ibibazo ( imbamutima zawe umuntu adashobora kuguhakanyaho) aho kugira ngo uvuge uti, utanga amahugurwa yantesheje agaciro maze amfata nk umuntu adafite icyo azi ( iyo utanga amahugurwa abwiwe gutyo na we agerageza kwikuraho ikosa akavuga ati, Oya, urambeshyera kandi ibyo akabivuga atari yanumva mu by ukuri ibyo washakaga kuvuga. Inyandiko 7.1 Ifishi igaragarizwaho uko amahugurwa yagenze 1. Ese amahugurwa yaba yarakugiriye akamaro akagufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo imihindagurikire y ikirere ishobora kugira 32

33 ingaruka ku baturage n uburyo ibangamira uburyo bwo kwitegura guhangana n ibiza? Yego Oya 2. Ese ni ikihe kintu cy ingenzi wungukiye muri aya mahugurwa? 3. Ese ni iki wakunze muri aya mahugurwa? 4. Ese ni iki kitagushimishije muri aya mahugurwa? 5.Garagaza Ibice n amasomo wasanze bifite akamaro ku buryo bw umwihariko: 6. Ese wumva amahugurwa yanozwa gute? 7. Ese usanga ibi bice by amahugurwa bikurikira byaragenze bite? Shyira akamenyetso mu kazu ka ngombwa kuri buri kintu cyemejwe. Neza cyane Neza Buhoro Nabi Uburyo intego z amahugurwa zasobanuwe neza Ireme ry ibikubiye mu mahugurwa Agatabo k abahugurwa n izindi nyandiko Akamaro amahugurwa yakugiriye ku bumenyi wari ukeneye Ibindi bitekerezo ku birebana n ibyavuzwe haruguru: 1. Ese ni ikihe kintu kimwe wigiye mu mahugurwa uzashyira mu bikorwa kigafasha abaturage cyangwa ingo gushobora kwitegura guhangana n imihindagurikire y ikirere? 2. Ese ni iki gishobora kukubuza gushyira mu bikorwa ibitekerezo byaganiriweho mu mahugurwa? 3. Ese wowe ubwawe cyangwa umuryango ukorera mwaba mukeneye andi mahugurwa?.. 4. Ese ni ibihe byifuzo wageza kuri NBDF ku birebana n amahugurwa yerekeye umushinga? 5. Ibindi bitekerezo:. Thank you! Merci! Murakoze! Asante Sana! 33