Workshop on Sub- seasonal to Seasonal Predictability of Monsoons

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1 Masaki Satoh (AORI, The University of Tokyo) Masuo Nakano (JAMSTEC) Tomoki Miyakawa (AORI, The University of Tokyo) Yoshiyuki Kajikawa (AICS, RIKEN) and NICAM group members Workshop on Sub- seasonal to Seasonal Predictability of Monsoons June 2015 NaNonal InsNtute of Meteorological Research Jeju, Republic of Korea hqp://s2spredicnon.net/workshop/

2 Outline IntroducNon Recent studies with NICAM 870m- mesh experiment Miyamoto et al. (2014, Geophys. Res. Le,.) Climatology: AMIP- type 20 years exp. Kodama et al. (2015, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan) MJO simulanons Miyakawa, T., et al. (2014, Nature Commun.) Indian summer monsoon onset Kajikawa, Y., Yamaura, T., Tomita, H., Satoh, M. (2015, SOLA) Boreal Summer ISO (BSISO) and TC genesis Nakano, M., et al. (2015, Geophys. Res. Le,.)! IntroducNon to BSISO and TC genesis! Experimental design and methods! Results! August 2004 (AcNve BSISO phases only)! August (various BSISO phases)! Summary

3 NICAM: Nonhydrostatic Icosahedal Atmospheric Model Development since 2000 Tomita and Satoh (2005, Fluid Dyn. Res.) Satoh et al. (2008, J. Comp. Phys.) First global dx=3.5km run in 2004 using the Earth Simulator (JAMSTEC) Tomita et al.(2005, Geophys. Res. Le,.) Miura et al.(2007, Science) K computer era (10PF; Kobe,Riken,2012) Toward higher resolunon: dx=870m (Miyamoto et al. 2013) MulN ensemble simulanons (Miyakawa et al Nat. Comm; Nakano et al. 2015, Geophys. Res. Le,.) MulN decadal simulanons (Kodama et al. 2015, JMSJ)

4 NICAM 870m-mesh run Miyamoto, Y., Kajikawa, Y., Yoshida, R., Yamaura, T., Yashiro, H., and Tomita, H., 2013: Deep moist atmospheric convecnon in a sub- kilometer global simulanon. Geophys. Res. LeQ., 40, DOI: /grl Miyamoto, Y., R. Yoshida, T. Yamaura, H. Yashiro, H. Tomita and Y. Kajikawa, 2015: Does convecnon vary in different cloudy disturbances? Atmospheric Science LeQers, accepted. DOI: /asl2.558.

5 GL08 28km GL09 14km GL10 7km GL11 3.5km GL12 1.7km GL13 870m 6UTC, 25 Aug K-computer by Y. Miyamoto (AICS,RIKEN)

6 NICAM 870m-mesh simulation Miyamoto et al. (2013,GRL) using the K computer dx=870 m dx=3.5 m 16 (a) (b) (c) (d) z (km) 14 z (km) 14 z (km) 14 z (km) 14 z (km) 14 (e) 0.87 w (m s ) x (grid) x (grid) x (grid) x (grid) x (grid) Radius- height cross secnons for composites of verncal velocity w 0

7 A 20-year climatology of a NICAM AMIP-type simulation Kodama, C., Yamada, Y., Noda, A. T., Kikuchi, K., Kajikawa, Y., Nasuno, T., Tomita, T., Yamaura, T., Takahashi, T. G., Hara, M., Kawatani, Y., Satoh, M., Sugi, M., J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, in press, 2015, hkp://jmsj.metsoc.jp/eor/ pdf 14km horizontal mesh and 38 verncal levels up to 40km. 1- moment 6- category bulk cloud microphysics (Tomita 2008). No cumulus convecnon parameterizanon parameters tuned by several seasonal- scale experiments AMIP configuranons except for slab ocean model (D=15m & τ=7days) with SST nudging and fixed sea ice monthly mean AMIP2 SST/SSI.

8 precipitation: SLAB vs. fixed SST

9 Time lastude secsons of daily precipitason anomalies averaged over E for Top: TRMM Middle: NICAM 7- km and BoKom: IFS 10- km 103- day- long hindcasts for the period 22 May 30 Aug 2006 Kinter et al. (2013,BAMS)

10 NICAM) Satoh et al ERA 8- year mean July U850 JJAS 20- yr Climatology JRA25 IFS NICAM NICAM NICAM - JRA25 shade: zonal wind@850hpa green/gray contours: +/- precipitation bias

11 variation WNPMI JJAS 20- yr Climatology Interannual varianon Normalized by standard devianon WNPMI Wang et al OLR

12 Miyakawa, T., et al. (2014) Madden Julian OscillaNon predicnon skill of a new- generanon global model. Nature Commun., 5, doi: /ncomms4769.

13

14 BSISO & TC Typhoon Kujira BSISO: Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillaion 00UTC, 22 June 2015, MTSAT

15 Boreal Summer ISO WNP:inacNve WNP:acNve Kikuchi et al. (2011 Clim.Dyn.)

16 Kajikawa, Y., Yamaura, T., Tomita, H., Satoh, M. (2015) Impact of tropical disturbance on the Indian summer monsoon onset simulated by a global cloud-systemresolving model. SOLA, 11, 80-84, doi: /sola Blue: May mean NICAM JMA

17 Mean of Exp. with IC at May 15-19

18

19 Nakano, M., Sawada, M., Nasuno, T., Satoh, M. (2015) Intraseasonal variability and tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific simulated by a global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi: /2014gl Typhoon season in N 20N 10N EQ 4TCs 8TCs 10S M J J A S O BSISO phase in August: 5=>2 Nakazawa (2006 SOLA)

20 Experimental design 2004 & Aug. 1 Sep. 2 Aug. 30 days 31 Aug.

21 IniNal date 6 out of 8 TCs are well simulated. 4 TCs are reproduced 2 weeks prior to genesis. Averaged # of FA is 3.5. Hit Early Late Missed 2 weeks 2 weeks 2 weeks 2 weeks

22 Contour: Observed OLR = 200W/m 2 Shade: OLR Overall, northward migranon in August and decay in September are well simulated.

23 What does control predictability of TC genesis? 7 runs =What is different between them? IniNal date 7 runs 7 runs Hit Early Late Missed

24 OBS 10- day mean U850 and OLR Contour: OLR < 200W/m2 Color: U850 IniNalized 3 weeks before Songda s genesis ConvecNon and monsoon trough retreat in late August.

25 OBS 10- day mean U850 and OLR Contour: OLR < 200W/m2 Color: U850 IniNalized 2 weeks before Songda s genesis ConvecNon and monsoon trough are well simulated.

26 BSISO forecast skill NICAM ECMWF METOFFICE JMA Comparable with world- leading operanonal models

27 Composite of U850 (initial phase=4 to valid phase=7) 3 # of cases

28 Summary NICAM 14km runs well capture ISO signals Indian summer monsoon onset is well represented Monsoon bias is drasncally reduced, mainly by use of the slab ocean model Westerly shear extension associated with BSISO is important for tropical cyclogenesis. Sub- seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclogenesis is prospecnve (> 2 weeks), depending on phases of BSISO.

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