NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE The Skillful Time Scale of Climate Models
|
|
- Howard Boyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal January of 2016 the Meteorological Society of Japan, I. TAKAYABU Vol. 94A, pp. and , K. HIBINO DOI: /jmsj NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE The Skillful Time Scale of Climate Models Izuru TAKAYABU Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan Kenshi HIBINO University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Manuscript received 30 November 2014, in final form 2 July 2015) Abstract This paper clarifies that the skillful time-scale characteristic of a model is one of the key factors to reproduce the amount precipitation at a specific location with the model. A comparison with data from an operational weather station of the Japan Meteorological Agency in Tokyo (Ote-machi) revealed that a model needed That a model requires 5-km-grid resolution and below to represent the power spectrum of hourly precipitation. A model with a higher resolution is probably needed to simulate hourly precipitation in Tokyo during the summer monsoon season. Keywords skillful timescale; precipitation; power spectrum; probability distribution function 1. Introduction Corresponding author: Izuru Takayabu, Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Nagamine 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan takayabu@mri-jma.go.jp 2015, Meteorological Society of Japan Dynamival downscaling has been performed to supply information for various end-users who need detailed information about climate change. In such cases, the scale for which the climate model can produce useful information has long been a subject of great interest. We refer to this scale as the skillful scale. Pielke (1984) has suggested that the smallest wavelength that can be represented accurately is four times the grid-point interval. However, Castro et al. (2005) and Rockel et al. (2008) have shown that the skillful scale is much larger than that scale. The need for information about extreme events has recently increased, and there are also signs of increases in heavy precipitation caused by increasing temperatures (Utsumi et al. 2011). Therefore, discussion of the skillful time scale has also become useful. Although many studies have already shown a relationship between model grid size and the reproducibility of daily or hourly precipitation intensity (e.g., Kimoto et al. 2005, Sasaki et al. 2011), no analysis of the cause of the relationship has been performed yet. In this paper, we discuss the cause of the impact of horizontal grid size on representation of short-timescale precipitation intensity by comparing the power spectrum of short-time-scale precipitation with that of weather station data. 2. Methods This study used a 60-km mesh Meteorological Research Institute atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM) version 3.2H (AGCM60), a 20-km mesh MRI-AGCM version 3.2S (AGCM20; Mizuta et al. 2012), and a 5-km grid regional climate model (NHRCM05; Sasaki et al. 2011). Table 1 shows the specifications for these models. The AGCM20/60 models were driven by using Hadley Centre sea
2 192 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 94A Table 1. Configuration of models used in this study. Official model name (CMIP5) Map projection Horizontal grid system Grid size (equivalent) Dynamics Vertical coordinates Vertical levels Convection scheme Radiation scheme Cloud microphysics Land surface schemes Planetary boundary layer Reference AGCM60 AGCM20 NHRCM05 MRI-AGCM3.2H Global model TL319 (60 km) Hydrostatic Eta-scheme 64 Yoshimura Japan Meteorological Agency (2007) MJ-SiB Hirai et al. (2007) M-Y level-2 Mizuta et al. (2012) MRI-AGCM3.2S Global model TL959 (20 km) Hydrostatic Eta-scheme 64 Yoshimura Japan Meteorological Agency (2007) MJ-SiB Hirai et al. (2007) M-Y level-2 Mizuta et al. (2012) Lambert projection Grid model 5 km Non-hydrostatic Stretched grid 50 Kain and Fritsch (1993) Shortwave: Two stream with delta-eddington Bulk method MJ-SiB Hirai et al. (2007) MYNN Level-3 Sasaki et al. (2011) Fig. 1. Probability density function (PDF) of hourly precipitation data at the (blue) Tokyo weather station and PDFs simulated with the (purple) AGCM60, (green) AGCM20, and (red) NHRCM05 models at the Tokyo weather station. Table 2. Longitude and Latitude of Tokyo observing stations and the nearest grid point of the climate models. Tokyo Station AGCM60 AGCM20 NHRCM05 Longitude E E E E Latitude N N 35.7 N N ice and sea surface temperature data as the bottom boundary condition, was integrated between 1979 and The NHRCM05 model used AGCM20 model calculation results as the lateral boundary conditions and was integrated for 20 years between September 1980 and August To focus on the skillful time scale, we validated model data with the observational data at specific points. For that purpose, we chose an operational weather station in Tokyo managed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Table 2 indicates each
3 January 2016 I. TAKAYABU and K. HIBINO 193 Fig. 2. Power spectrum of hourly precipitation data at the Tokyo weather station is shown. The numbers in the legend are the annual mean precipitation rate in mm h 1. Shaded area indicates the 95 % confidence interval of the mean value of the power spectrum. Fig. 3. Results of t-test to determine the significance of the difference between model precipitation and observed precipitation in Fig. 2. The three horizontal dashed lines indicate the 99 %, 95 %, and 90 % confidence levels from top to bottom, respectively. grid point at the stations. Data validation was done with the probability distribution function (PDF) and power spectrum of hourly precipitation data. 3. Results Kimoto et al. (2005) and Sasaki et al. (2011) have shown that a relatively high-resolution model with a temporal resolution of 1 hour to 1 day is needed to represent heavy precipitation. Figure 1 indicates the PDF of hourly precipitation around the Tokyo station. It was difficult to characterize extreme hourly precipitation by using the AGCM20/60 models; however, the
4 194 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 94A Fig. 4. Same as Fig. 2, but for the (a) Sapporo and (b) Naha weather stations are shown. The numbers in the legend are the annual mean precipitation rates in mm h 1. NHRCM05 model could simulate extreme precipitation events. To clarify the cause of this difference, we obtained the power spectrum of precipitation data (Fig. 2). When we compared the simulated power spectrum with that of the observational data, we found that they were very similar at frequencies lower than 1 cycle per day (CPD). However, at frequencies greater than 1 CPD, the simulated power was lower in the lower resolution model. Here we designate f c (CPD) as the frequency at which two power spectra start to differ at the 99 % confidence level. Because there were years of hourly precipitation data, we could generate power spectra. The variances from the mean of these spectra are proportional to inverse years. We could estimate f c (CPD) by applying a t-test to these results. Figure 3 indicates the p-values associated with the t-tests. However, before applying the t-test, the power spectrum was smoothed by a simple moving average (SMA) of 240 points in the frequency domain to decrease the error in the power spectrum. After SMA was applied, there were 365 points within
5 January 2016 I. TAKAYABU and K. HIBINO 195 Fig. 5. Same as Fig. 2, but for seasons at Tokyo. Numbers in the legend represent the seasonal mean precipitation in mm h 1 for (a) December January February (DJF) and (b) June July August (JJA). 1 CPD. The error in the frequency data was therefore 120/365 = 0.33 CPD on both sides. The results were as follows. AGCM60 and AGCM20 followed the observed data at frequencies of up to 3.2 and 6.0 CPD, respectively. However, the NHRCM05 followed the observed power spectrum at frequencies of up to 12.0 CPD. This result suggests that daily precipitation can be simulated by using a 60-km mesh size model, but a 5-km-grid model is needed to simulate hourly precipitation. 4. Discussion Because the islands of Japan extend from subarctic to subtropical climate zones, the climate regime of each weather station therefore depends on the location of the station and season. The Tokyo station (35.7 N, E) is near the center of the Japanese island arc and experiences a temperate climate. To estimate changes in the representativeness of the precipitation power spectrum because of the location of the station, we compared the power spectrum
6 196 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 94A Fig. 6. (Blue) PDFs of observed hourly precipitation at Tokyo, including the original PDF. (Others) PDF with high-frequency information cut off at (red) 8 CPD, (green) 4 CPD, and (purple) 2 CPD. at the Tokyo station with spectra at northern Japan (Sapporo: 43.1 N, E; Fig. 4a) and southern Japan (Naha: 26.2 N, E; Fig. 4b) stations. The comparison between Tokyo (temperate) and Sapporo (subarctic) indicated that the 5-km-grid NHRCM accurately represented the sub-daily precipitation power density, but at Naha (subtropical), even the 5-km-grid NHRCM failed to represent the sub-daily precipitation power density. Figure 5 compares the power spectrum at Tokyo from season to season. During the winter monsoon season of December January February (DJF; Fig. 5a), the coarser grid models represented the high-cpd precipitation data. On the other hand, during the summer monsoon season of June July August (JJA; Fig. 5b), even the 5-km-grid model failed to represent the sub-daily precipitation power spectrum. The characteristics of the precipitation pattern reflected the climate regime around the Tokyo area. During the winter monsoon season, the mean wind direction was from the northwest. Because Tokyo is located on the lee side of a mountainous region, the amount of precipitation is very small during the winter, and synoptic-scale, extra-tropical cyclones control the precipitation pattern around the Tokyo area at that time. In contrast, during the summer monsoon season, the mean wind direction is from the southwest, and the southwesterly wind pushes very humid air over the Pacific Ocean to the Tokyo area. The amount of precipitation is therefore high during the summer. The climate of the Tokyo area enters to the subtropical climate regime during the summer, and the spatial scale of precipitation system become smaller than that during the winter monsoon season. Olranski (1975) has shown that the spatial scale and time scale of atmospheric disturbances are strongly related, and changes of the pattern of disturbances affect the skillful time scale. A simultaneous analysis of the spatial and temporal skillful scales would be the next step in this research. When we removed the high-frequency signal from the observed data by applying a high-frequency cutoff filter, the maximum hourly precipitation was decreased. Figure 6 shows the PDF of the original data and of the high-frequency cutoff data. To represent high-frequency precipitation, it is necessary to take into consideration extreme precipitation events. 5. Conclusion The use of results of model calculations to study the impact of climate change has increased the demand for statistical information about extreme events. It is already known that the horizontal resolution of models affects the representativeness of simulated precipitation. In this paper, we focused on the skillful time scale and estimated the power spectrum of precipitation in Tokyo. In the case of daily precipitation, even a 60-km-mesh model had
7 January 2016 I. TAKAYABU and K. HIBINO 197 the capacity to represent the precipitation power spectrum of, but The model requires 5-km-grid resolution and below to represent the power spectrum of hourly precipitation. The horizontal resolution of the models affected the representation of the PDF of hourly precipitation. It is necessary to pay attention to the skillful time scale of the model when information about extreme events is used to evaluate the impact of climate change in various studies. Finally, we should be careful to determine to what extent the results obtained in a study depend on the climate regime and season. The results for other climatic variables may be different from those obtained for precipitation. All these issues should be addressed in the next stage of this research. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the SOUSEI programs of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. References Castro, C. L., R. A. Pielke, Sr., and G. Leoncini, 2005: Dynamical downscaling: Assessment of value retained and added using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). J. Geophys. Res., 110, D05108, doi: /2004jd Hirai, M., T. Sakashita, H. Kitagawa, T. Tsuyuki, M. Hosaka, and M. Oh izumi, 2007: Development and validation of a new land surface model for JMA s operational global model using the CEOP observation dataset. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85A, Japan Meteorological Agency, 2007: Outline of the operational numerical weather prediction at the Japan Meteorological Agency. (Appendix to WMO technical report on the global data-processing and forecasting system and numerical weather prediction progress report). Japan Meteorological Agency, 194 pp. [Available at jma-center/nwp/outline-nwp/index.htm.] Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1993: Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models. Meteor. Monogr., 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Kimoto, M., N. Yasutomi, C. Yokoyama, and S. Emori, 2005: Projected changes in precipitation characteristics around Japan under the global warming. SOLA, 1, Mizuta, R., H. Yoshimura, H. Murakami, M. Matsueda, H. Endo, T. Ose, K. Kamiguchi, M. Hosaka, M. Sugi, S. Yukimoto, S. Kusunoki, and A. Kitoh, 2012: Climate simulation using MRI-AGCM3.2 with 20-km grid. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 90A, Orlanski, I., 1975: A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 56, Pielke, Sr., R. A., 1984: Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling. Academic Press Inc., 612 pp. Rockel, B., C. L. Castro, R. A. Pielke, Sr., H. von Storch, and G. Leoncini, 2008: Dynamical downscaling: Assessment of model system dependent retained and added variability for two different regional climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21107, doi: /2007jd Sasaki, H., A. Murata, M. Hanafusa, M. Oh izumi, and K. Kurihara, 2011: Reproducibility of present climate in a non-hydrostatic regional climate model nested within an atmosphere general circulation model. SOLA, 7, Utsumi, N., S. Seto, S. Kanae, E. E. Maeda, and T. Oki, 2011: Does higher surface temperature intensify extreme precipitation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16708, doi: /2011gl
Challenges of convection-permitting regional climate simulations for future climate projection in Japan
Challenges of convection-permitting regional climate simulations for future climate projection in Japan - Program for Risk Information on Climate Change, SOUSEI program - NCAR Sep. 7, 2016 Hiroaki Kawase
More informationAbstract: INTRODUCTION MODEL AND EXPERIMENT
Hydrological Research Letters 3, 49 53 (2009) Published online in J-STAGE (www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/hrl). DOI: 10.3178/HRL.3.49 Projection of changes in future weather extremes using super-high-resolution
More informationProjection of Future Climate Change over Japan in Ensemble Simulations Using a Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Model with Urban Canopy
SOLA, 7, Vol., 9, doi:./sola.7-4 9 Projection of Future Climate Change over Japan in Ensemble Simulations Using a Convection-Permitting al Climate Model with Urban Canopy Akihiko Murata, Hidetaka Sasaki,
More informationHigh initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044119, 2010 High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming Yuhji Kuroda 1 Received 27 May
More informationDevelopment of Super High Resolution Global and Regional Climate Models
Development of Super High Resolution Global and Regional Climate Models Project Representative Akira Noda Meteorological Research Institute Authors Akira Noda 1, Shoji Kusunoki 1 and Masanori Yoshizaki
More informationNear future ( ) projection of the East Asia summer monsoon by an atmospheric global model with 20-km grid
Near future (2015-2039) projection of the East Asia summer monsoon by an atmospheric global model with 20-km grid Shoji KUSUNOKI Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) Ryo MIZUTA, Mio MATSUEDA Advanced
More informationPROJECION OF FUTURE CHANGE IN STORM SURGE USING MRI-AGCM3.2H ENSEMBLE EXPERIMENTS. Abstract
PROJECION OF FUTURE CHANGE IN STORM SURGE USING MRI-AGCM3.2H ENSEMBLE EXPERIMENTS Yosuke Yamamoto 1, Tomohiro Yasuda 2, Nobuhito Mori 3 and Hajime Mase 4 1 Abstract Recent researches have shown that the
More informationProjection of Ocean Wave Climate Change Based on Numerical Simulations
Projection of Ocean Wave Climate Change Based on Numerical Simulations Muhammad Zikra a,*, Noriaki Hashimoto b and Kodama Mitsuyasu b a) Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Marine Technology, Institut
More informationEARLY ONLINE RELEASE
EARLY ONLINE RELEASE This is a PDF of a manuscript that has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. As the article has not yet been formatted, copy edited or proofread, the final published version
More informationFUTURE PROJECTIONS OF PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN ASIA
FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN ASIA AKIO KITOH, MASAHIRO HOSAKA, YUKIMASA ADACHI, KENJI KAMIGUCHI Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan It is anticipated
More informationDecreasing trend of tropical cyclone frequency in 228-year high-resolution AGCM simulations
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl053360, 2012 Decreasing trend of tropical cyclone frequency in 228-year high-resolution AGCM simulations Masato Sugi 1,2 and Jun Yoshimura 2 Received
More informationExamination of Tropical Cyclogenesis using the High Temporal and Spatial Resolution JRA-25 Dataset
Examination of Tropical Cyclogenesis using the High Temporal and Spatial Resolution JRA-25 Dataset Masato Sugi Forecast Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Correspondence: msugi@mri-jma.go.jp
More informationPROJECTION OF FUTURE STORM SURGE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS UNCERTAINTY A CASE STUDY IN THE TOKYO BAY
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2011) December 14 16, 2011, Hong Kong, China PROJECTION OF FUTURE STORM SURGE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS UNCERTAINTY
More information2. Outline of the MRI-EPS
2. Outline of the MRI-EPS The MRI-EPS includes BGM cycle system running on the MRI supercomputer system, which is developed by using the operational one-month forecasting system by the Climate Prediction
More informationCharacteristics of Future Changes in Summertime East Asian Monthly Precipitation in MRI-AGCM Global Warming Experiments
Journal April 2019 of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 97(2), 317 335, T. OSE 2019. doi:10.2151/jmsj.2019-018 317 Characteristics of Future Changes in Summertime East Asian Monthly Precipitation in
More informationEvidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM S K Dash Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Based on a paper entitled Projected Seasonal
More informationProjection of Extreme Wave Climate Change under Global Warming
Hydrological Research Letters, 4, 15 19 (2010) Published online in J-STAGE (www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/hrl). DOI: 10.3178/HRL.4.15 Projection of Extreme Wave Climate Change under Global Warming Nobuhito
More information4C.4 TRENDS IN LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATIONS AND THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURES IN THE TROPICS DERIVED FROM ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSES AND CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIMENTS
4C.4 TRENDS IN LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATIONS AND THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURES IN THE TROPICS DERIVED FROM ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSES AND CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIMENTS Junichi Tsutsui Central Research Institute of Electric
More informationContents of this file
Geophysical Research Letters Supporting Information for Future changes in tropical cyclone activity in high-resolution large-ensemble simulations Kohei Yoshida 1, Masato Sugi 1, Ryo Mizuta 1, Hiroyuki
More informationWinter Forecast for GPC Tokyo. Shotaro TANAKA Tokyo Climate Center (TCC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Winter Forecast for 2013 2014 GPC Tokyo Shotaro TANAKA Tokyo Climate Center (TCC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) NEACOF 5, October 29 November 1, 2013 1 Outline 1. Numerical prediction 2. Interannual
More informationJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 117, D16118, doi: /2012jd017874, 2012
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 117,, doi:10.1029/2012jd017874, 2012 Future changes and uncertainties in Asian precipitation simulated by multiphysics and multi sea surface temperature ensemble experiments
More informationFuture Change of Storm Surge Risk under Global Warming Based on Mega-Ensemble Global Climate Projections (d4pdf) Tomoya Shimura1 and Nobuhito Mori 2
Future Change of Storm Surge Risk under Global Warming Based on Mega-Ensemble Global Climate Projections (d4pdf) Tomoya Shimura1 and Nobuhito Mori 2 Abstract Long-term assessment of storm surge risk based
More informationNumerical Experiments of Tropical Cyclone Seasonality over the Western North Pacific
Numerical Experiments of Tropical Cyclone Seasonality over the Western North Pacific Dong-Kyou Lee School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University, Korea Contributors: Suk-Jin Choi,
More informationOn the Appropriateness of Spectral Nudging in Regional Climate Models
On the Appropriateness of Spectral Nudging in Regional Climate Models Christopher L. Castro Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA Dynamically Downscaled IPCC model
More informationDevelopment of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land General Circulation Model (GCM) at the Frontier Research Center for Global Change
Chapter 1 Atmospheric and Oceanic Simulation Development of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land General Circulation Model (GCM) at the Frontier Research Center for Global Change Project Representative Tatsushi
More informationREGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATION OVER ASIA UNDER THE GLOBAL WARMING NESTED IN THE CCSR/NIES AGCM
REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATION OVER ASIA UNDER THE GLOBAL WARMING NESTED IN THE CCSR/NIES AGCM KOJI DAIRAKU Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba,
More informationYuqing Wang. International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
A Regional Atmospheric Inter-Model Evaluation Project (RAIMEP) with the Focus on Sub-daily Variation of Clouds and Precipitation Yuqing Wang International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology
More informationFuture Changes in Rainfall Extremes Associated with El Niño Projected by a Global 20-km Mesh Atmospheric Model
SOLA, 2016, Vol. 12A, 1 6, doi:10.2151/sola.12a-001 1 Future Changes in Rainfall Extremes Associated with El Niño Projected by a Global 20-km Mesh Atmospheric Model Akio Kitoh 1, and Hirokazu Endo 2 1
More informationINFLUENCE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON COASTAL URBAN AREA - CASE STUDY IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN -
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2011) December 14 16, 2011, Hong Kong, China INFLUENCE OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON COASTAL URBAN AREA - CASE STUDY
More informationChanges in precipitation intensity over East Asia during the 20th and 21st centuries simulated by a global atmospheric model with a 60 km grid size
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: ATMOSPHERES, VOL. 118, 11,007 11,016, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50877, 2013 Changes in precipitation intensity over East Asia during the 20th and 21st centuries simulated by a global
More informationABSTRACT 2 DATA 1 INTRODUCTION
16B.7 MODEL STUDY OF INTERMEDIATE-SCALE TROPICAL INERTIA GRAVITY WAVES AND COMPARISON TO TWP-ICE CAM- PAIGN OBSERVATIONS. S. Evan 1, M. J. Alexander 2 and J. Dudhia 3. 1 University of Colorado, Boulder,
More informationDSJRA-55 Product Users Handbook. Climate Prediction Division Global Environment and Marine Department Japan Meteorological Agency July 2017
DSJRA-55 Product Users Handbook Climate Prediction Division Global Environment and Marine Department Japan Meteorological Agency July 2017 Change record Version Date Remarks 1.0 13 July 2017 First version
More informationAnnex I to Target Area Assessments
Baltic Challenges and Chances for local and regional development generated by Climate Change Annex I to Target Area Assessments Climate Change Support Material (Climate Change Scenarios) SWEDEN September
More information4.3.2 Configuration. 4.3 Ensemble Prediction System Introduction
4.3 Ensemble Prediction System 4.3.1 Introduction JMA launched its operational ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) for one-month forecasting, one-week forecasting, and seasonal forecasting in March of 1996,
More informationIntroduction to Climate ~ Part I ~
2015/11/16 TCC Seminar JMA Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~ Shuhei MAEDA (MRI/JMA) Climate Research Department Meteorological Research Institute (MRI/JMA) 1 Outline of the lecture 1. Climate System (
More informationA High-Resolution Future Wave Climate Projection for the Coastal Northwestern Atlantic
A High-Resolution Future Wave Climate Projection for the Coastal Northwestern Atlantic Adrean WEBB 1, Tomoya SHIMURA 2 and Nobuhito MORI 3 1 Project Assistant professor, DPRI, Kyoto University (Gokasho,
More informationIMPACT STUDIES OF AMVS AND SCATTEROMETER WINDS IN JMA GLOBAL OPERATIONAL NWP SYSTEM
IMPACT STUDIES OF AMVS AND SCATTEROMETER WINDS IN JMA GLOBAL OPERATIONAL NWP SYSTEM Koji Yamashita Japan Meteorological Agency / Numerical Prediction Division 1-3-4, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122,
More informationVerification of the Seasonal Forecast for the 2005/06 Winter
Verification of the Seasonal Forecast for the 2005/06 Winter Shingo Yamada Tokyo Climate Center Japan Meteorological Agency 2006/11/02 7 th Joint Meeting on EAWM Contents 1. Verification of the Seasonal
More informationTitle (1991) in the Kyushu and Tohoku reg. Author(s) Takemi, Tetsuya; Ito, Rui; Arakawa, Citation Hydrological Research Letters (2016
Title Effects of global warming on the im (1991) in the Kyushu and Tohoku reg Author(s) Takemi, Tetsuya; Ito, Rui; Arakawa, Citation Hydrological Research Letters (2016 Issue Date 2016 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/229485
More informationMonthly Variations of Global Wave Climate due to Global Warming
Jurnal Teknologi Full paper Monthly Variations of Global Wave Climate due to Global Warming Muhammad Zikra a*, Noriaki Hashimoto b, Kodama Mitsuyasu c, Kriyo Sambodho d a Ocean Engineering Department,
More informationCORDEX Simulations for South Asia
WCRP CORDEX South Asia Planning Meeting 25-26 February 2012 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) Pune, India CORDEX Simulations for South Asia J. Sanjay Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR)
More informationUnseasonable weather conditions in Japan in August 2014
Unseasonable weather conditions in Japan in August 2014 Summary of analysis by the TCC Advisory Panel on Extreme Climatic Events In an extraordinary session held at the Japan Meteorological Agency on 3
More informationEffects of Soil Moisture of the Asian Continent upon the Baiu Front
Present and Future of Modeling Global Environmental Change: Toward Integrated Modeling, Eds., T. Matsuno and H. Kida, pp. 101 109. by TERRAPUB, 2001. Effects of Soil Moisture of the Asian Continent upon
More informationProjected future increase of tropical cyclones near Hawaii. Hiroyuki Murakami, Bin Wang, Tim Li, and Akio Kitoh University of Hawaii at Manoa, IPRC
Projected future increase of tropical cyclones near Hawaii Hiroyuki Murakami, Bin Wang, Tim Li, and Akio Kitoh University of Hawaii at Manoa, IPRC Review of effect of global warming on TC activity Knutson
More informationThe Formation of Precipitation Anomaly Patterns during the Developing and Decaying Phases of ENSO
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2010, VOL. 3, NO. 1, 25 30 The Formation of Precipitation Anomaly Patterns during the Developing and Decaying Phases of ENSO HU Kai-Ming and HUANG Gang State Key
More informationNOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China
6036 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E VOLUME 21 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China JIAN LI LaSW, Chinese Academy of Meteorological
More informationNOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE A Quasi-Stationary Appearance of 30 to 40 Day Period in the Cloudiness Fluctuations during the Summer Monsoon over India
June 1980 T. Yasunari 225 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE A Quasi-Stationary Appearance of 30 to 40 Day Period in the Cloudiness Fluctuations during the Summer Monsoon over India By Tetsuzo Yasunari The Center
More informationImpacts of Climate Change on Autumn North Atlantic Wave Climate
Impacts of Climate Change on Autumn North Atlantic Wave Climate Will Perrie, Lanli Guo, Zhenxia Long, Bash Toulany Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS Abstract
More information1C.4 Tropical cyclone climatology in a global warming climate as simulated in a 20km-mesh global atmospheric model
1C.4 Tropical cyclone climatology in a global warming climate as simulated in a 20km-mesh global atmospheric model Kazuyoshi Oouchi (1), Jun Yoshimura (3), Hiromasa Yoshimura (3), Ryo Mizuta (2), Shoji
More informationWill a warmer world change Queensland s rainfall?
Will a warmer world change Queensland s rainfall? Nicholas P. Klingaman National Centre for Atmospheric Science-Climate Walker Institute for Climate System Research University of Reading The Walker-QCCCE
More informationINVESTIGATION FOR A POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF IOANNINA AND METSOVO LAKES (EPIRUS, NW GREECE), ON PRECIPITATION, DURING THE WARM PERIOD OF THE YEAR
Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference of Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013 INVESTIGATION FOR A POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF IOANNINA AND METSOVO LAKES (EPIRUS,
More informationOver 5000 Years of Ensemble Future Climate Simulations by
1 2 Over 5000 Years of Ensemble Future Climate Simulations by 60 km Global and 20 km Regional Atmospheric Models 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ryo Mizuta 1, Akihiko Murata 1, Masayoshi Ishii 1, Hideo Shiogama 2, Kenshi
More informationKUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT
T KUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT 2 ALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL http://www.met.gov.my DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIO Introduction Atmospheric and oceanic conditions over the tropical
More informationCharacteristics of Storm Tracks in JMA s Seasonal Forecast Model
Characteristics of Storm Tracks in JMA s Seasonal Forecast Model Akihiko Shimpo 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan Correspondence: ashimpo@naps.kishou.go.jp INTRODUCTION
More informationThe Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2012, VOL. 5, NO. 3, 219 224 The Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times LU Ri-Yu 1, LI Chao-Fan 1,
More informationAnalysis of meteorological measurements made over three rainy seasons in Sinazongwe District, Zambia.
Analysis of meteorological measurements made over three rainy seasons in Sinazongwe District, Zambia. 1 Hiromitsu Kanno, 2 Hiroyuki Shimono, 3 Takeshi Sakurai, and 4 Taro Yamauchi 1 National Agricultural
More informationProjected change in the East Asian summer monsoon from dynamical downscaling
Copyright KIOST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Projected change in the East Asian summer monsoon from dynamical downscaling : Moisture budget analysis Chun-Yong Jung 1,2, Chan Joo Jang 1*, Ho-Jeong Shin 1 and Hyung-Jin
More informationTropical Meteorology. Roger K. Smith INDO IR
Tropical Meteorology Roger K. Smith INDO IR 01010510 1 GMS IR 01022621 GOES IR 00112909 2 Introduction to the tropics The zonal mean circulation (Hadley circulation) The data network in the tropics (field
More informationFig Operational climatological regions and locations of stations
1. Explanatory notes 1.1 About the Annual Report on Climate System The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has published the Annual Report on Climate System (CD-ROM version) since 1997. From 2008, a new
More informationPrecipitation in climate modeling for the Mediterranean region
Precipitation in climate modeling for the Mediterranean region Simon Krichak Dept. of Geophysics Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel Concepts for Convective Parameterizations
More informationIntroduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance. TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products November 2013
Introduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products 11-15 November 2013 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Regression method Single/Multi regression model Selection
More informationDevelopment and Validation of Polar WRF
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Development and Validation of Polar WRF David H. Bromwich 1,2, Keith M. Hines 1, and Le-Sheng Bai 1 1 Polar
More informationA Quick Report on a Dynamical Downscaling Simulation over China Using the Nested Model
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2010, VOL. 3, NO. 6, 325 329 A Quick Report on a Dynamical Downscaling Simulation over China Using the Nested Model YU En-Tao 1,2,3, WANG Hui-Jun 1,2, and SUN Jian-Qi
More information11 days (00, 12 UTC) 132 hours (06, 18 UTC) One unperturbed control forecast and 26 perturbed ensemble members. --
APPENDIX 2.2.6. CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL EPS 1. Ensemble system Ensemble (version) Global EPS (GEPS1701) Date of implementation 19 January 2017 2. EPS configuration Model (version) Global Spectral Model
More informationIntroduction of Dynamical Regional Downscaling (DSJRA-55) Using the JRA-55 Reanalysis and Discussion for Possibility of its Practical Use
Thursday, March 24 Session4:Localizing Climate Information Introduction of Dynamical Regional Downscaling (DSJRA-55) Using the JRA-55 Reanalysis and Discussion for Possibility of its Practical Use Nobuyuki
More informationAssessment of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent Simulated by a 20 km Mesh GCM Using TRMM PR Data
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 87A, pp. 413 424, 2009 413 DOI:10.2151/jmsj.87A.413 Assessment of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent Simulated by a 20 km
More informationDiagnosing the Climatology and Interannual Variability of North American Summer Climate with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)
Diagnosing the Climatology and Interannual Variability of North American Summer Climate with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) Christopher L. Castro and Roger A. Pielke, Sr. Department of
More informationWhy Has the Land Memory Changed?
3236 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 17 Why Has the Land Memory Changed? QI HU ANDSONG FENG Climate and Bio-Atmospheric Sciences Group, School of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln,
More informationApplication of the Ems-Wrf Model in Dekadal Rainfall Prediction over the Gha Region Franklin J. Opijah 1, Joseph N. Mutemi 1, Laban A.
Application of the Ems-Wrf Model in Dekadal Rainfall Prediction over the Gha Region Franklin J. Opijah 1, Joseph N. Mutemi 1, Laban A. Ogallo 2 1 University of Nairobi; 2 IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications
More informationFigure ES1 demonstrates that along the sledging
UPPLEMENT AN EXCEPTIONAL SUMMER DURING THE SOUTH POLE RACE OF 1911/12 Ryan L. Fogt, Megan E. Jones, Susan Solomon, Julie M. Jones, and Chad A. Goergens This document is a supplement to An Exceptional Summer
More informationFuture Change of Tornadogenesis-Favorable Environmental Conditions in Japan Estimated by a 20-km-Mesh Atmospheric General Circulation Model
January Journal of 2016 the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. T. MURAMATSU 94A, pp. 105 120, et al. 2016 105 DOI:10.2151/jmsj.2015-053 Future Change of Tornadogenesis-Favorable Environmental Conditions
More informationIntroduction of TOUGOU theme C -Integrated Climate Projection-
Introduction of TOUGOU theme C -Integrated Climate Projection- Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models Izuru TAKAYABU, Masayoshi ISHII, Toshiyuki NAKAEGAWA, Hidetaka SASAKI (MRI) and Kazuhisa
More informationPredictability and prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Predictability and prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation Hai Lin Meteorological Research Division, Environment Canada Acknowledgements: Gilbert Brunet, Jacques Derome ECMWF Seminar 2010 September
More informationWRF MODEL STUDY OF TROPICAL INERTIA GRAVITY WAVES WITH COMPARISONS TO OBSERVATIONS. Stephanie Evan, Joan Alexander and Jimy Dudhia.
WRF MODEL STUDY OF TROPICAL INERTIA GRAVITY WAVES WITH COMPARISONS TO OBSERVATIONS. Stephanie Evan, Joan Alexander and Jimy Dudhia. Background Small-scale Gravity wave Inertia Gravity wave Mixed RossbyGravity
More informationJune 1993 T. Nitta and J. Yoshimura 367. Trends and Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of. Global Land Surface Air Temperature
June 1993 T. Nitta and J. Yoshimura 367 Trends and Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of Global Land Surface Air Temperature By Tsuyoshi Nitta Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo,
More informationAtmospheric circulation analysis for seasonal forecasting
Training Seminar on Application of Seasonal Forecast GPV Data to Seasonal Forecast Products 18 21 January 2011 Tokyo, Japan Atmospheric circulation analysis for seasonal forecasting Shotaro Tanaka Climate
More informationESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain References: Forecaster s Guide to Tropical Meteorology (updated), Ramage Tropical Climatology, McGregor and Nieuwolt Climate and Weather
More informationVertical heating rate profiles associated with MJO in JRA-25
Vertical heating rate profiles associated with MJO in JRA-25 Tatsuya Motoyama 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency t-motoyama@met.kishou.go.jp INTRODUCTION To study vertical heating
More informationLecture 8. Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall
Lecture 8 Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall According to the second hypothesis, the monsoon is a manifestation of the seasonal variation of the tropical circulation
More informationPrecipitation Structure and Processes of Typhoon Nari (2001): A Modeling Propsective
Precipitation Structure and Processes of Typhoon Nari (2001): A Modeling Propsective Ming-Jen Yang Institute of Hydrological Sciences, National Central University 1. Introduction Typhoon Nari (2001) struck
More informationArticle Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations
Article Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations Yukiko Imada 1, *, Shuhei Maeda 1, Masahiro Watanabe 2, Hideo Shiogama 3, Ryo Mizuta
More informationMEAN CLIMATE AND ANNUAL CYCLE IN A REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIMENT OVER SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA. II: CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS ( ).
MEAN CLIMATE AND ANNUAL CYCLE IN A REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIMENT OVER SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA. II: CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS (2081-2090). Mario N. Nuñez*, Silvina Solman and María Fernanda Cabré Centro
More informationThe Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2015, VOL. 8, NO. 6, 371 375 The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height HUANG Yan-Yan and
More informationPolar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
JP2.14 ON ADAPTING A NEXT-GENERATION MESOSCALE MODEL FOR THE POLAR REGIONS* Keith M. Hines 1 and David H. Bromwich 1,2 1 Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University,
More informationPrimary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010
temperature anomalies by its standard deviation for JJA 2010 Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010 Nobuyuki Kayaba Climate Prediction Division,Japan Meteorological Agancy
More informationUpgrade of JMA s Typhoon Ensemble Prediction System
Upgrade of JMA s Typhoon Ensemble Prediction System Masayuki Kyouda Numerical Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency and Masakazu Higaki Office of Marine Prediction, Japan Meteorological Agency
More informationWater Balance in the Murray-Darling Basin and the recent drought as modelled with WRF
18 th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia 13-17 July 2009 http://mssanz.org.au/modsim09 Water Balance in the Murray-Darling Basin and the recent drought as modelled with WRF Evans, J.P. Climate
More informationSTUDY OF FUTURE WEATHER DATA CONSIDERING GLOBAL AND LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION
STUDY OF FUTURE WEATHER DATA CONSIDERING GLOBAL AND LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION Hideki Kikumoto 1, Ryozo Ooka 2, Yusuke Arima 3, And Toru Yamanaka 4 1 Research Associate, Institute
More informationNOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. Relationship between Orographic Enhancement of Rainfall Rate and Movement Speed of Radar Echoes: Case Study of Typhoon 0709
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 931--936, 2010. 931 DOI:10.2151/jmsj.2010-605 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Relationship between Orographic Enhancement of Rainfall Rate and
More informationRegional Warming Related with Land Use Change during Past 135 Years in Japan
Present and Future of Modeling Global Environmental Change: Toward Integrated Modeling, Eds., T. Matsuno and H. Kida, pp. 433 440. by TERRAPUB, 2001. Regional Warming Related with Land Use Change during
More informationWhere does precipitation water come from?
Chapter II Climate and Meteorology Where does precipitation water come from? Introduction The source of water vapor existing over Mongolia has been considered to consist of evapotranspiration at several
More informationM. Mielke et al. C5816
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, C5816 C5827, 2014 www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/14/c5816/2014/ Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribute 3.0 License. Atmospheric
More informationImproved rainfall and cloud-radiation interaction with Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus scheme in the tropics
Improved rainfall and cloud-radiation interaction with Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus scheme in the tropics Tieh-Yong KOH 1 and Ricardo M. FONSECA 2 1 Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 2
More informationIMPACT OF GROUND-BASED GPS PRECIPITABLE WATER VAPOR AND COSMIC GPS REFRACTIVITY PROFILE ON HURRICANE DEAN FORECAST. (a) (b) (c)
9B.3 IMPACT OF GROUND-BASED GPS PRECIPITABLE WATER VAPOR AND COSMIC GPS REFRACTIVITY PROFILE ON HURRICANE DEAN FORECAST Tetsuya Iwabuchi *, J. J. Braun, and T. Van Hove UCAR, Boulder, Colorado 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationComparison of Convection Characteristics at the Tropical Western Pacific Darwin Site Between Observation and Global Climate Models Simulations
Comparison of Convection Characteristics at the Tropical Western Pacific Darwin Site Between Observation and Global Climate Models Simulations G.J. Zhang Center for Atmospheric Sciences Scripps Institution
More informationCold air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region
Cold air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region Jensen, T. G. 1, T. Campbell 1, T. A. Smith 1, R. J. Small 2 and R. Allard 1 1 Naval Research Laboratory, 2 Jacobs Engineering NRL, Code 7320, Stennis
More informationClimate Modeling Activity in Japan
GEOSS-AP, 5 February 2009, Kyoto Climate Modeling Activity in Japan Akio KITOH Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan with contributions from Masahide KIMOTO, CCSR/U.Tokyo Michio KAWAMIYA, FRCGC/JAMSTEC
More informationIntroduction to Dynamical Downscaling of ARPEGE-Climat Output Using WRF Over West Africa
Introduction to Dynamical Downscaling of ARPEGE-Climat Output Using WRF Over West Africa N. Vigaud(1), P. Roucou(1), S. Sijikumar(1), B. Fontaine(1) and S. Tyteca(2) (1): Centre de Recherches de Climatologie
More informationA Ngari Director Cook Islands Meteorological Service
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION REGIONAL SEMINAR ON CLIMATE SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Honiara, Solomon Islands, 1-4 November 2011 A Ngari Director Cook Islands Meteorological
More informationApplication and verification of ECMWF products 2016
Application and verification of ECMWF products 2016 RHMS of Serbia 1 Summary of major highlights ECMWF forecast products became the backbone in operational work during last several years. Starting from
More information