Changes in Rivers and their Valleys.
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1 CONNECT Start thinking like a Geographer Make sure you have your book, write today s date and title. Changes in Rivers and their Valleys. What does this image show?
2 ACTIVATE Write the Learning Objective. LO: To explore the changing profile of rivers and their valleys with distance SUCCESS CRITERIA: I can describe how a river and its valley change I can draw a graph to show the long profile of a river. I can explain how the profile of a river changes Changes in Rivers and their Valleys
3 ACTIVATE Long Profile of a river and its valley.
4 ACTIVATE Cross Profiles of a river and its valley. Examine the long and cross profiles of a river and its valley. Cut out the statements at the bottom of this page and glue them in the correct course of the river to describe the characteristics. Each box should have a statement about the valley and a statement about the channel.
5 What should the Y axis be called? DEMONSTRATE Use the data to draw a graph to show the long profile of a river. Name of place/ feature Distance from source (km) Altitude (m) Plynlimon Hills What should the title be? Llanidloes Welshpool Shrewsbury Stourport Worcester Tewkesbury Gloucester Estuary mouth in Bristol Channel What should the x axis be called?
6 Altitude above sea level A graph to show the long profile of the River Severn, Wales Upper Middle Lower Distance from the source
7 AFL Question Time How many courses of a river are there? Where will I find the source of the river? Is the mouth located in the upper of lower course of the river? Where is the channel wide and deep but on a medium gradient? A) Upper course B) Middle course C) Lower course
8 DEMONSTRATE Explain how the profile of a river changes Read the text below and delete (cross out with black marker) the incorrect word. I have done one for you.
9 DEMONSTRATE Self Assess to tick/cross. to correct. The average velocity (speed of water) and discharge (amount of water) of a river increases/decreases along its course. Although the upper course has a steep/gentle gradient and is v/u shaped, the velocity depends on how much water comes into contact with the channel banks and bed. In the upper course the channel is shallow/deep due to vertical/lateral erosion and narrow/wide, so there is much/less friction. This is because in the upper course the rock is harder/softer and so the valley sides are/are not widened out much by weathering and erosion. Therefore, velocity is low/high. In the middle course the river is flowing through lower country. The gradient is less/more steep, so the river begins to meander and erode vertically/laterally into the valley sides. The rate of erosion increases/decreases as the rocks that make up the valley sides are harder/softer. As the river uses more energy in lateral erosion it is not able to remove all the eroded material so this builds up the valley floor to give it a more steep/gentle profile. The lower course of river flows through low lying land and has a narrow/wide and deep/shallow channel. Therefore, there is much/less friction resulting in a low/high velocity. The speed is boosted by the additional discharge from all the tributaries. Deposition from floods builds up the flood plain and meanders migrate. This builds up and narrows/widens the valley.
10 CONSOLODTATE Key Word Connect 4 You can only use a key word if you can say something about it. Lateral Erosion, Narrow, Channel, Discharge, Upper Course, Velocity, Source, Vertical Erosion, Mouth, Tributaries, Meander, Wide, Middle Course, Lower Course
11 HOMEWORK Explain why the upper course of a river valley has a different cross profile from the lower course (4)....
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