GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments"

Transcription

1 GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments Wondwosen Seyoum Department of Geology University of Georgia G/G Bldg., Rm. No. 122 Seyoum, 2015

2 Chapter 6 Streams and Flooding Seyoum, 2015

3 Streams: sculpturing the landscape Source: GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 3

4 Streams: as resources Source: GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 4

5 Streams hazard: Flooding Approx. takes the life of 140 and $6 billion in property damage annually in the US GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 5

6 The Hydrologic Cycle Hydrosphere: all water at or near the surface of the earth Components of the hydrologic cycle Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff Infiltration Percolation Figure 6 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 6

7 Water Reservoirs Oceans 97.5 % Glacial Ice 1.81 % Ground Water 0.63 % Lakes and Streams % Atmosphere 0.001% Soil Moisture % Figure 6 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 7

8 Streams and their Features Stream: a flowing water within a channel Drainage basin: a region from which a stream draws water The size of a stream is determined by basin area, climate, geology, vegetation Figure 6.3A GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 8

9 Streams and their Features Stream discharge: the volume of water flowing past a given point/cross section in a specified length of time Figure 6.4 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 9

10 Sediment transport Transport: traction, saltation, suspended, and dissolved Load: the total quantity of material that a stream transports by all methods Capacity: a measure of the total load of material a stream can move Capacity > Load Figure 6.5 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 10

11 Velocity, Gradient, and Base level Velocity: Gradient: Base level: Longitudinal profile: Figure 6.6 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 11

12 Velocity, Sediment Sorting and Deposition Stream velocity impacts sediment sorting Slow moving water only carries fine-grained sediments Fast moving water carries the larger and denser grain sizes Sediments are commonly well sorted by size and density Depositional features of a stream Delta, a large, fan-shaped pile of sediment in still waters created by a stream Alluvial fan, a fan-shaped pile of sediment in a larger stream (slowly flowing) or a region between mountains and a plain formed by a small tributary stream GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 12

13 Velocity, Sediment Sorting and Deposition Alluvial fan Delta Photo: Jeremy T. Lancaster Figure 6.7 a, b, c GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 13

14 Channel and Floodplain Evolution Classic V-shaped valley: rapidly flowing and steep gradient, downcutting is rapid Figure 6.8 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 14

15 Channel and Floodplain Evolution Meanders: streams don t flow in straight lines and erode old banks and create new banks, and thus bends form in the streams. Meanders are curves in a stream (or river) Point bar Cut bank Figure 6.9 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 15

16 Channel and Floodplain Evolution Oxbows: meanders don t broaden or enlarge indefinitely. Streams may make a shortcut, or cut off a meander, abandoning the old, twisted channel for a direct downstream route Floodplain: a broad, fairly flat expanse of land covered with sediment around the stream channel. An area into which the stream spills over during floods Figure 6.11 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 16

17 Channel and Floodplain Evolution Figure 6.12 C Lower Mississippi R. GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 17

18 Channel and Floodplain Evolution Braided stream: localized sediments developed in the channel with obstacles and the localized sediments divide the channel into a complex system of many channels. Figure 6.10 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 18

19 Flooding Flooding: in time of higher discharge, the stream overflow the banks, input exceeds output Factors governing flood severity: Quantity of water The rate of water entering the system Excessive rainfall and snowmelt, severe storms Soil porosity and permeability (high porosity high infiltration and less flooding) Topography (the steeper the higher the velocity) Vegetation (block and reduce velocity, enhance infiltration) GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 19

20 Flooding Figure flooding Missouri River near Glasgow GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 20

21 Flood Characteristics Velocity, water level (Stage), and discharge of a stream increase during a flood Stage - the elevation of the water at any point Flood stage when stream level exceeds the bank height Crest the higher level or stage reached Upstream flood occurs in a small, localized, upper part of a basin Downstream flood occurs in a larger, lower part of a drainage basin Flash flood type of upstream flood characterized by a rapid rise of stream stage, occurs in urban areas, deserts GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 21

22 Stream Hydrograph Hydrograph: a plot of stream Stage or discharge (Y axis) over time (X axis) Useful to monitor stream behavior Figure 6.16 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 22

23 Flood-Frequency Curves Flood-frequency curve: a curve showing discharge as a function of recurrence interval for a particular stream. Recurrence interval: how frequently a flood of that severity occurs. Can infer probability of given event Useful in assessing flood hazard Figure 6.17 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 23

24 Flood-Frequency Curves Flood-frequency curve: a curve showing discharge as a function of recurrence interval for a particular stream. Recurrence interval: how frequently a flood of that severity occurs. Can infer probability of given event Useful in assessing flood hazard Figure 6.17 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 24

25 Human Impacts and Flood-Frequency Curves The way a stream respond to a given rain 100 years ago is quite different from today Flood frequency curves changes with time. Decreased by ½ after dam construction Figure 6.18 Green River, WA GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 25

26 Human Impacts and Flood-Frequency Curves The way a stream respond to a given rain 100 years ago is quite different from today Flood frequency curves changes with time. Increased after urbanization Figure 6.18 Mercer Cr GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 26

27 Development in Floodplains Why would anyone live in a floodplain? Ignorance of the extent of flood hazard Flat, cheaper and easier for building construction Fertile land Access for transportation Scenic feature The more people settle and build in flood plains, the more the damage is Floodplain development increase the likelihood or severity of flooding GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 27

28 Development in Floodplains Effects of development on flood plain: Asphalt and concrete - reduce infiltration, increase runoff Buildings - replace water volume, raises stream height Filling in floodplain land - reduces volume Storm drains/sewers - rapid delivery of storm water to streams Vegetation loss - farm lands and urban areas remove natural vegetation and expose the soil, increase erosion and fills up stream with sediments GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 28

29 Development in Floodplains Figure 6.20 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 29

30 Development in Floodplains Figure 6.19 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 30

31 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards 1. Restrictive Zoning: similar to strategies applicable to reducing damage from seismic and other geologic hazards 2. Retention Pond: trap some of the surface water runoff Figure 6.22 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 31

32 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards 3. Diversion Channel: comes into play as stream stage rises, and redirects some of the water flow into other safe places (away from built-up areas) Confluence of Upper Mississippi and Ohio R. at Cairo, IL GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 32

33 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards 4. Channelization, various modifications of the stream channel itself to increase the velocity of water flow, the volume of the channel, or both The Channel can be deepened or widened Meander cutoff (reroute) GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 33

34 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards 4. Levees, raised banks along a stream channel Confining the stream may increase velocity downstream Figure 6.23 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 34

35 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards If breached, unexpectedly inundated or leave water behind levee Figure 6.24 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 35

36 Strategies for Reducing Flood Hazards 4. Flood Control Dams and Reservoirs Figure 6.25 GEOL 1121: Earth Processes and Environments 36

37

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Flood and Flood Hazards Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG, Legon College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education

More information

Running Water Earth - Chapter 16 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College

Running Water Earth - Chapter 16 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Running Water Earth - Chapter 16 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Hydrologic Cycle The hydrologic cycle is a summary of the circulation of Earth s water supply. Processes involved in the hydrologic

More information

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND Objectives Define and describe the hydrologic cycle. Identify the basic characteristics of streams. Define drainage basin. Describe how floods occur and what factors may make

More information

Erosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment.

Erosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Erosion Surface Water moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Surface Water 2 Water from rainfall can hit Earth s surface and do a number of things: Slowly soak into the ground: Infiltration

More information

ES 105 Surface Processes I. Hydrologic cycle A. Distribution % in oceans 2. >3% surface water a. +99% surface water in glaciers b.

ES 105 Surface Processes I. Hydrologic cycle A. Distribution % in oceans 2. >3% surface water a. +99% surface water in glaciers b. ES 105 Surface Processes I. Hydrologic cycle A. Distribution 1. +97% in oceans 2. >3% surface water a. +99% surface water in glaciers b. >1/3% liquid, fresh water in streams and lakes~1/10,000 of water

More information

Fresh Water: Streams, Lakes Groundwater & Wetlands

Fresh Water: Streams, Lakes Groundwater & Wetlands Fresh Water:, Lakes Groundwater & Wetlands Oct 27 Glaciers and Ice Ages Chp 13 Nov 3 Deserts and Wind and EXAM #3 Slope hydrologic cycle P = precip I = precip intercepted by veg ET = evapotranspiration

More information

Streams. Stream Water Flow

Streams. Stream Water Flow CHAPTER 14 OUTLINE Streams: Transport to the Oceans Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. Streams Streams are the major geological agents

More information

Earth Science Chapter 6 Section 2 Review

Earth Science Chapter 6 Section 2 Review Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 6 Section Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most streams carry the largest part of their

More information

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams Streams Why study streams? Running water is the most important geologic agent in erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments. Water The unique physical and chemical properties of water make it

More information

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle 6.1 Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth s water supply is the water cycle. The Water Cycle

More information

Rivers and Streams. Streams. Hydrologic Cycle. Drainage Basins and Divides. Colorado River Drainage Basin. Colorado Drainage Basins.

Rivers and Streams. Streams. Hydrologic Cycle. Drainage Basins and Divides. Colorado River Drainage Basin. Colorado Drainage Basins. Chapter 14 Hydrologic Cycle Rivers and Streams Streams A stream is a body of water that is confined in a channel and moves downhill under the influence of gravity. This definition includes all sizes of

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Running Water and Groundwater Running Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This

More information

STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS

STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS The Hydrologic Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Runoff Transpiration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling

More information

Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. Runoff Transpiration

Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. Runoff Transpiration STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS The Hydrologic Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle Runoff Transpiration The Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling

More information

Summary. Streams and Drainage Systems

Summary. Streams and Drainage Systems Streams and Drainage Systems Summary Streams are part of the hydrologic cycle and the chief means by which water returns from the land to the sea. They help shape the Earth s surface and transport sediment

More information

Environmental Geology Chapter 9 Rivers and Flooding

Environmental Geology Chapter 9 Rivers and Flooding Environmental Geology Chapter 9 Rivers and Flooding Flooding in Pakistan 2010-1600 killed/20000 affected The hydrologic cycle is powered by the Sun The cycle includes evaporation, precipitation, infiltration,

More information

In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. a. any form of water that falls to Earth s

In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. a. any form of water that falls to Earth s Skills Worksheet Concept Review In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. condensation 2. floodplain 3. watershed 4. tributary 5. evapotranspiration

More information

Surface Water and Stream Development

Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak

More information

11/12/2014. Running Water. Introduction. Water on Earth. The Hydrologic Cycle. Fluid Flow

11/12/2014. Running Water. Introduction. Water on Earth. The Hydrologic Cycle. Fluid Flow Introduction Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars share a similar history, but Earth is the only terrestrial planet with abundant water! Mercury is too small and hot Venus has a runaway green house effect so

More information

3/3/2013. The hydro cycle water returns from the sea. All "toilet to tap." Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e

3/3/2013. The hydro cycle water returns from the sea. All toilet to tap. Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e Running Water: summary in haiku form Edward A. Keller Chapter 9 Rivers and Flooding Lecture Presentation prepared by X. Mara Chen, Salisbury University The hydro

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Landscape Development

Landscape Development Landscape Development Slopes Dominate Natural Landscapes Created by the interplay of tectonic and igneous activity and gradation Deformation and uplift Volcanic activity Agents of gradation Mass wasting

More information

Year 6. Geography. Revision

Year 6. Geography. Revision Year 6 Geography Revision November 2017 Rivers and World knowledge How the water cycle works and the meaning of the terms evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, surface run-off, groundwater

More information

27. Running Water I (p ; )

27. Running Water I (p ; ) 27. Running Water I (p. 424-436; 440-444) Hydrosphere How much of the Earth s surface is covered by water? Earth's water is collectively called the and is stored in a number of so-called as follows: 1.

More information

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope

More information

Laboratory Exercise #3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Running Water Processes

Laboratory Exercise #3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Running Water Processes Laboratory Exercise #3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Running Water Processes page - 1 Section A - The Hydrologic Cycle Figure 1 illustrates the hydrologic cycle which quantifies how water is cycled throughout

More information

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS Delta A fan-shaped deposit that forms when a river flows into a quiet or large body of water, such as a lake, an ocean, or an inland sea. Alluvial Fan A sloping triangle

More information

What do you need for a Marathon?

What do you need for a Marathon? What do you need for a Marathon? Water and a snack? What about just a normal day? 1 flush = 3.5 gallons 1 flush = 3.5 gallons 10 minute shower = 20 gal 1 flush = 3.5 gallons 10 minute shower = 20 gal Jeans

More information

Floods Lecture #21 20

Floods Lecture #21 20 Floods 20 Lecture #21 What Is a Flood? Def: high discharge event along a river! Due to heavy rain or snow-melt During a flood, a river:! Erodes channel o Deeper & wider! Overflows channel o Deposits sediment

More information

Surface Water Short Study Guide

Surface Water Short Study Guide Name: Class: Date: Surface Water Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The three ways in which a stream carries

More information

Rivers and Landslides

Rivers and Landslides Rivers and Landslides Path of desire or path of least resistance? Desire Path: A term in landscape architecture used to describe a path that isn t designed but rather is worn casually away by people finding

More information

mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output

mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output strong interaction between streams & hillslopes Sediment Budgets for Mountain Rivers Little

More information

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10)

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) 1. What is the distinction between weathering, mass wasting, and erosion? 2. What is the controlling force in mass wasting? What force provides resistance?

More information

Final Exam. Running Water Erosion and Deposition. Willamette Discharge. Running Water

Final Exam. Running Water Erosion and Deposition. Willamette Discharge. Running Water Final Exam Running Water Erosion and Deposition Earth Science Chapter 5 Pages 120-135 Scheduled for 8 AM, March 21, 2006 Bring A scantron form A calculator Your 3 x 5 paper card of formulas Review questions

More information

Section 5. Low-Gradient Streams. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 5. Low-Gradient Streams. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 4 Surface Processes Section 5 Low-Gradient Streams What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Use models and real-time streamflow data to understand the characteristics of lowgradient

More information

Earth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3

Earth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3 Earth Science Chapter 9 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Read Section 9.1 Surface Water Chapter 9 Term Sheet Notes over Section 9.1 Surface Water Section 9.1 Review Worksheets Quiz over Section 9.1 Notes Virtual Lab

More information

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS Earth Science: Chapter 5 Reading pages 114-124 The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling up Evaporation = precipitation System is balanced Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle Earth s Water

More information

Science of Natural Disasters: RIVERS& FLOODS! 27 April 2016

Science of Natural Disasters: RIVERS& FLOODS! 27 April 2016 Science of Natural Disasters: RIVERS& FLOODS! 27 April 2016 Rebecca Clotts Department of Geology, University of St Thomas Flood in St Paul, 2014, Star Tribune 1 2 What is a watershed? 3 4 5 6 7 What is

More information

Chapter 11. Rivers: Shaping our landscape

Chapter 11. Rivers: Shaping our landscape Chapter 11 Rivers: Shaping our landscape Learning outcomes In this presentation you will learn: Common terms associated with rivers About the three stages of a river About the processes of river erosion

More information

What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using

What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using 7 th Grade Lesson What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using the sentence frame. You have 4 minutes. Weathering is. This changes the Earth s surface because. 1

More information

Stream Geomorphology. Leslie A. Morrissey UVM July 25, 2012

Stream Geomorphology. Leslie A. Morrissey UVM July 25, 2012 Stream Geomorphology Leslie A. Morrissey UVM July 25, 2012 What Functions do Healthy Streams Provide? Flood mitigation Water supply Water quality Sediment storage and transport Habitat Recreation Transportation

More information

Science EOG Review: Landforms

Science EOG Review: Landforms Mathematician Science EOG Review: Landforms Vocabulary Definition Term canyon deep, large, V- shaped valley formed by a river over millions of years of erosion; sometimes called gorges (example: Linville

More information

Rivers T. Perron

Rivers T. Perron 1 Rivers T. Perron 12.001 After our discussions of large-scale topography, how we represent topography in maps, and how topography interacts with geologic structures, you should be frothing at the mouth

More information

Aquifer an underground zone or layer of sand, gravel, or porous rock that is saturated with water.

Aquifer an underground zone or layer of sand, gravel, or porous rock that is saturated with water. Aggradation raising of the streambed by deposition that occurs when the energy of the water flowing through a stream reach is insufficient to transport sediment conveyed from upstream. Alluvium a general

More information

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs Distribution of water in

More information

River/Stream Erosion Notes

River/Stream Erosion Notes Name Date ES per Mr. Williams River/Stream Erosion Notes Erosion: the of weathered material. FACT: Running water moves more sediment than ANY other type of erosion. 1. The Water Cycle What happens when

More information

Chapter 10. Running Water aka Rivers. BFRB Pages

Chapter 10. Running Water aka Rivers. BFRB Pages Chapter 10 Running Water aka Rivers BFRB Pages 101-116 Stream Erosion and Transportation Running water is all precipitation (rain, snow, etc) that falls on Earth and is pulled downhill by gravity. Running

More information

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into

More information

NATURAL RIVER. Karima Attia Nile Research Institute

NATURAL RIVER. Karima Attia Nile Research Institute NATURAL RIVER CHARACTERISTICS Karima Attia Nile Research Institute NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION Is natural stream of water that flows in channels with ih more or less defined banks.

More information

Running Water: The Geology of Streams and Floods Running Water Chapter 14

Running Water: The Geology of Streams and Floods Running Water Chapter 14 Geology 800 Today Running Water: The Geology of Streams and Floods Running Water Chapter 14 Next Class Oceans and Coasts 15 Stream Flow Streams Ribbons of water that flow down channels. Runoff Water in

More information

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs On a piece of paper, put these reservoirs of water in to order from largest to

More information

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas FLUVIAL PROCESSES Fluvial Processes The Impact of Fluvial Processes on the Landscape Streams and Stream Systems Stream Channels Structural Relationships The Shaping and

More information

Geography Notes for Plonk Meeting

Geography Notes for Plonk Meeting Geography Notes for Plonk Meeting Hydrologic Cycle 1. Rainfall Water falls as rain or snow if the air is cold enough. 2. Groundwater Water that seeps into the ground may be absorbed by plants or flow into

More information

Rivers. Regents Earth Science Weathering & Erosion

Rivers. Regents Earth Science Weathering & Erosion Regents Earth Science Weathering & Erosion Name: Rivers Use your notes, the handout Weathering and Erosion and your review book to answer the following questions on Rivers. Be sure to read the information

More information

Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING

Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material

More information

Lectures Hydrology & Fluvial Geomorphology. Gauley River Images. Ancients' (= Biblical) Model of Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Lectures Hydrology & Fluvial Geomorphology. Gauley River Images. Ancients' (= Biblical) Model of Water (Hydrologic) Cycle Lectures 11-13 13 Hydrology & Fluvial Geomorphology Gauley River Images http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulmuyegtz4&feature=related Ancients' (= Biblical) Model of Water (Hydrologic) Cycle Stream Water

More information

4. The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom.

4. The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom. 1. Sediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because the A) velocity of the river decreases B) force of gravity decreases C) volume of water increases D) slope of the river increases 2. Which diagram

More information

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B)

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B) 1. When snow cover on the land melts, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the land surface is A) frozen B) porous C) grass covered D) unconsolidated gravel Base your answers to questions

More information

River Response. Sediment Water Wood. Confinement. Bank material. Channel morphology. Valley slope. Riparian vegetation.

River Response. Sediment Water Wood. Confinement. Bank material. Channel morphology. Valley slope. Riparian vegetation. River Response River Response Sediment Water Wood Confinement Valley slope Channel morphology Bank material Flow obstructions Riparian vegetation climate catchment vegetation hydrological regime channel

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) Which event is the best example of erosion? dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack rolling of a pebble

More information

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth

More information

Fluvial Systems Lab Environmental Geology Lab Dr. Johnson

Fluvial Systems Lab Environmental Geology Lab Dr. Johnson Fluvial Systems Lab Environmental Geology Lab Dr. Johnson *Introductory sections of this lab were adapted from Pidwirny, M. (2006). "Streamflow and Fluvial Processes". Fundamentals of Physical Geography,

More information

The Active River. Rivers: Agents of Erosion. Key Concept Water running downhill is the dominant process in shaping the landscape.

The Active River. Rivers: Agents of Erosion. Key Concept Water running downhill is the dominant process in shaping the landscape. 1 What You Will Learn Moving water shapes the surface of Earth by the process of erosion. The sun is the major source of energy that drives the water cycle. Three factors that affect the rate of stream

More information

REVIEW. There are 2 types of WEATHERING: 1. CHEMICAL 2. PHYSICAL. What is WEATHERING? The breakdown of rocks at or near Earth s surface

REVIEW. There are 2 types of WEATHERING: 1. CHEMICAL 2. PHYSICAL. What is WEATHERING? The breakdown of rocks at or near Earth s surface REVIEW What is WEATHERING? Def: The breakdown of rocks at or near Earth s surface There are 2 types of WEATHERING: 1. CHEMICAL 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL WEATHERING EXAMPLES: 1. OXIDATION (rust) CHEMICAL WEATHERING

More information

Bank Erosion and Morphology of the Kaskaskia River

Bank Erosion and Morphology of the Kaskaskia River Bank Erosion and Morphology of the Kaskaskia River US Army Corps Of Engineers St. Louis District Fayette County Soil and Water Conservation District Team Partners : Carlyle Lake Ecosystem Partnership Vicinity

More information

Step 5: Channel Bed and Planform Changes

Step 5: Channel Bed and Planform Changes Step 5: Channel Bed and Planform Changes When disturbed, streams go through a series of adjustments to regain equilibrium with the flow and sediment supply of their watersheds. These adjustments often

More information

EROSION AND DEPOSITION

EROSION AND DEPOSITION CHAPTER 8 EROSION AND DEPOSITION SECTION 8 1 Changing Earth s Surface (pages 252-255) This section explains how sediment is carried away and deposited elsewhere to wear down and build up Earth s surface.

More information

Extra Credit Assignment (Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10)

Extra Credit Assignment (Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10) GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS NAME: Extra Credit Assignment (Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10) For this assignment you will require: a calculator and metric ruler. Chapter 4 Objectives:

More information

A floodplain is the flat land immediately surrounding a stream channel and innundated at 5mes of high flow.

A floodplain is the flat land immediately surrounding a stream channel and innundated at 5mes of high flow. A floodplain is the flat land immediately surrounding a stream channel and innundated at 5mes of high flow. Aggrada5on occurs when deposi5on is greater than erosion. Aggrada&on of the Rivière des Ha! Ha!

More information

Water Erosion (pages )

Water Erosion (pages ) Water Erosion (pages 272 281) Runoff and Erosion (pages 273 274) Key Concept: Moving water is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth s land surface. Falling raindrops can loosen and pick

More information

Erosion and Deposition

Erosion and Deposition Erosion and Deposition Erosion Sediment natural forces move rock/soil from one place to another. gravity, water, wind, glaciers, waves are causes material moved by erosion Deposition when erosion lays

More information

Name: Mid-Year Review #2 SAR

Name: Mid-Year Review #2 SAR Name: Mid-Year Review #2 SAR Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on on the diagram below, which shows laboratory materials used for an investigation of the effects of sediment size on permeability,

More information

The Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions

The Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions The Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions 7.8B: I can analyze the effects of weathering, erosion, and deposition on the environment in ecoregions of Texas Weathering The breakdown

More information

GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 2: Rivers and Deltas

GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 2: Rivers and Deltas GY 111 Lecture Notes D. Haywick (2008-09) 1 GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 2: Rivers and Deltas Lecture Goals A) Rivers and Deltas (types) B) Water Flow and sedimentation in river/deltas

More information

Lab 13: Fluvial Processes and Landforms

Lab 13: Fluvial Processes and Landforms Name: Lab 13: Fluvial Processes and Landforms Geomorphology is the study of Earth s surface and of the processes acting to shape it. Streams, for example, are significant continental land-shaping agents.

More information

Erosion and Deposition

Erosion and Deposition CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Erosion and Deposition Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Key Concepts What are the stages of stream development? How do water erosion and deposition change Earth s surface? How do wind

More information

How Do Human Impacts and Geomorphological Responses Vary with Spatial Scale in the Streams and Rivers of the Illinois Basin?

How Do Human Impacts and Geomorphological Responses Vary with Spatial Scale in the Streams and Rivers of the Illinois Basin? How Do Human Impacts and Geomorphological Responses Vary with Spatial Scale in the Streams and Rivers of the Illinois Basin? Bruce Rhoads Department of Geography University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

More information

Mountain Rivers. Gutta cavat lapidem. (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5

Mountain Rivers. Gutta cavat lapidem. (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5 Mountain Rivers Gutta cavat lapidem (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5 Mountain Rivers Fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) High transport

More information

Figure 1. Which part of the river is labelled in Figure 1? a) Mouth b) Source c) Lower course d) channel

Figure 1. Which part of the river is labelled in Figure 1? a) Mouth b) Source c) Lower course d) channel Rivers 1. Study Figure 1 showing the long profile of a river Figure 1 A Which part of the river is labelled in Figure 1? a) Mouth b) Source c) Lower course d) channel (1 mark) 2. Complete the sentences

More information

Physical Geology, 15/e

Physical Geology, 15/e Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Deserts & Wind Action Physical Geology 15/e, Chapter 13 Deserts Desert any arid region that receives less than 25 cm of precipitation

More information

Learning Objectives: I can identify and interpret river flows and directions.

Learning Objectives: I can identify and interpret river flows and directions. Learning Objectives: I can identify and interpret river flows and directions. Bellringer Review: Check for Understanding Questions: 1 2 What Are The Key Parts Of A River s Anatomy? In your data notebooks

More information

Stop 1: Marmot Dam Stop 1: Marmot Dam

Stop 1: Marmot Dam Stop 1: Marmot Dam Stop 1: Marmot Dam Stop 1: Marmot Dam Following the removal of Marmot Dam in 2007, the fate of the reservoir sediments has been monitored through a series of surveys and sediment transport measurements.

More information

HW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12,

HW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12, HW #2 Landscape 2016 Section: Name: ate: 1. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which represents two bridges that cross the Green River. Letters,, and represent locations

More information

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions

More information

Influence of the Major Drainages to the Mississippi River and Implications for System Level Management

Influence of the Major Drainages to the Mississippi River and Implications for System Level Management Influence of the Major Drainages to the Mississippi River and Implications for System Level Management Brian M. Vosburg Geologist Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority brian.vosburg@la.gov

More information

Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition. The Big Question:

Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition. The Big Question: Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition The Big Question: 1 Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc 2 Chapter 3: Erosion and

More information

every continent has an extensive dry region! " deserts are as much as 1/3 of Earth s surface!

every continent has an extensive dry region!  deserts are as much as 1/3 of Earth s surface! deserts! deserts! every continent has an extensive dry region! " deserts are as much as 1/3 of Earth s surface! Hollywood portrayal of vast stretches of sand dune! " Sahara has only 10% covered by sand!

More information

Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes

Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit

More information

Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands

Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands Page - 1 Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands Section A Overview of Lands with Dry Climates The definition of a dry climate is tied to an understanding of the hydrologic cycle

More information

Chapter 2. Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice. Physical Weathering

Chapter 2. Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice. Physical Weathering Chapter 2 Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice Physical Weathering Weathering vs. Erosion Weathering is the breakdown of rock and minerals. Erosion is a two fold process that starts with 1) breakdown

More information

Controlling Processes That Change Land

Controlling Processes That Change Land 1 Name Date Controlling Processes That Change Land People try to control some of the processes that change land. To do this, people apply technology- the use of science to solve problems in everyday life.

More information

Name: KEY OBJECTIVES HYDROLOGY:

Name: KEY OBJECTIVES HYDROLOGY: Name: KEY OBJECTIVES Correctly define: abrasion, capillarity, deposition, discharge, erosion, evapotranspiration, hydrology, impermeable, infiltration, meander, permeable, porosity, water table, weathering,

More information

Appendix E Guidance for Shallow Flooding Analyses and Mapping

Appendix E Guidance for Shallow Flooding Analyses and Mapping Appendix E Guidance for Shallow Flooding Analyses and Mapping E.1 Introduction Different types of shallow flooding commonly occur throughout the United States. Types of flows that result in shallow flooding

More information

Lab 12 Coastal Geology

Lab 12 Coastal Geology Lab 12 Coastal Geology I. Fluvial Systems Hydrologic Cycle Runoff that flows into rivers = precipitation (rain and snowmelt) [infiltration (loss to groundwater) + evaporation (loss to atmosphere) + transpiration

More information

ENVG/SC 10110L-20110L PLANET EARTH LABORATORY. Laboratory #9: Surface Hydrology & Map Scale

ENVG/SC 10110L-20110L PLANET EARTH LABORATORY. Laboratory #9: Surface Hydrology & Map Scale Name: Lab day: Tuesday Wednesday ENVG/SC 10110L-20110L PLANET EARTH LABORATORY Laboratory #9: Surface Hydrology & Map Scale Readings: Chapter 9. http://www.nd.edu/~cneal/physicalgeo/lab-surfacehydrology/index.html

More information

Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment. Appendix E. River Corridor Delineation Process. VT Agency of Natural Resources. April, E0 - April, 2004

Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment. Appendix E. River Corridor Delineation Process. VT Agency of Natural Resources. April, E0 - April, 2004 Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment Appendix E River Corridor Delineation Process Vermont Agency of Natural Resources - E0 - River Corridor Delineation Process Purpose A stream and river corridor delineation

More information

What are the different ways rocks can be weathered?

What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with

More information

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown.

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown. Name 1. In the cross section of the hill shown below, which rock units are probably most resistant to weathering? 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different

More information

Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment

Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment Christian F Lenhart, Assistant Prof, MSU Research Assoc., U of M Biosystems Engineering Fluvial processes in a glaciated landscape Martin

More information

COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM FLOODS INTRODUCTION

COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM FLOODS INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Floods are one of the most common hazards in the United States. A flood occurs any time a body of water rises to cover what is usually dry land. Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood

More information