Network for the Detection of Mesosphere Change (NDMC)

Transcription

1 Network for the Detection of Mesosphere Change (NDMC) What can we learn from airglow observations? M. Bittner, S. Wüst, C. Schmidt, P. Hannawald, F. Streicher, P. Wachter, S. Wildner WMO GAW

2 outline Airglow NDMC VAO Use cases What is airglow? What is the network for the detection of mesospheric change? How will the Virtual Alpine Observatory help us Climate Change Detection Satellite Validation Extreme Events past observations from Switzerland Taylor and Hapgood, Planet. Space Sci.,

3 Airglow self-luminous phenomenon of the Middle Atmosphere all emissions currently observable from UFS Schneefernerhaus routine observations restricted to OH and O 2 OI nm excitation via exothermic reactions, e.g.: O 3 + H OH + O 2 OI nm O 2 ~ 865 nm Na nm OH (87 km): ~ nm ISS030-E-10008, Nikon D3S, F/2.8, 24mm, 0.8 sec. exposure, ISO-12800, December, 4th, 2012, 00:13:44 UTC 3

4 Airglow relation to atmospheric temperatures OH(3-1) vibrational rotational transition relative intensities refer to specific temperatures intensity [a.u.] spectrum of higher temperature wavelength [nm] 4

5 Airglow typical observations made at UFS Schneefernerhaus gravity waves tides waves at different scales from seconds to several days are apparent in the data set these waves significantly alter the global circulation at mesopause heights one gravity wave source: airflow over mountain ridges 5

6 The seasonal cycle a result of small-scale gravity wave breaking warm winter cold summer 6

7 ndmc network for the detection of mesosphere change differences in scientific results led to the foundation of NDMC in e.g., published temperature trends range from -10K/dec to +3K/dec Initial aims of NDMC include: - harmonization of data sets, instrumentation, analysis schemes - free exchange of information among involved scientists NDMC is meanwhile - affiliated with WMO/GAW and NDACC, - part of GEOSS and CAWSES 7

8 NDMC-Station Network Status as of January 2014 Coordination: DLR, in cooperation with UFS and CONICET, Argentina affiliated with GAW & NDACC, part of GEOSS & CAWSES Prof. Dr. Michael Bittner, DLR Dr. Jürgen Scheer, CONICET 8

9 GRIPS standard instrumentation GRound-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer 9

10 European part of NDMC Different mesh width allows studying processes on various horizontal scales DLR-GRIPS-station Other NDMC station Trondheim since 11/2012 ALR, since 11/2010 STO, ZVE, since 1960 MAY, since 08/2010 WUP, since 1980 HPB, since 10/2003 OPN, since 01/2009 UFS, since 10/2008 OHP, since 06/2012 SZB, 01/2004 ABA, since 10/2012 OSN, since 10/1998 PAL, 09/ /2012 CAT, since 09/2011 TAV, since 11/

11 NDMC observations across the Alps current observing sites OPN Oberpfaffenhofen UFS Schneefernerhaus OHP Observatoire de Haute-Provence UFS OPN observing geometry at mesopause height world wide the most dense observations OHP 5 image credit: maps.google.de/ 11

12 NDMC observations across the Alps observational challenges indication for southward motion e.g. OPN 1 to UFS 3 ( ) indication for eastward motion e.g. OHP 5 to UFS 4 ( ) some features simultaneously (-) e.g. OPN 1 & 2, OPN 2 & UFS 3 (east- or westward component) Short period structures (-) indication for wave breaking? normalized airglow intensity [a.u.] Ambiguities: one wave event (south-eastward)? independent waves (partially breaking)? to time [UTC] OPN OPN UFS UFS OHP

13 NDMC observations across the Alps aims in VAO-II Another observing site contributes to A OPN resolving ambiguities case A and/or case B? UFS SBO JFJ OHP B image credit: maps.google.de/ 13

14 VAO instrument GRIPS 16 and advanced camera system IR camera GRIPS 16 in operation since 12/

15 Main topics addressed by GRIPS measurements Climate: Satellites: Monitoring of temperature changes GRIPS 3 Backup Improvement of climate projections - NDMC Development of new validation approaches SatVal-A Intercomparison NDMC Extreme events: Early detection of natural hazards (z.b. Tsunami) - GiTEWS Improvement of storm track and intensity forecast CESAR 15

16 Mesopause temperature trend assessment 16

17 Mesosphere miner s canary for climate change GRIPS 3 Backup More pronounced climate signals than on the Earth s surface Effective radiation of heat into space mainly due to CO 2 ( Strahlungskühlung ) because of lower density (about 5-6 magnitudes of order compared to Earth s surface) Amplification due to increase CO 2 - concentration Climate change should be statistically detectable earlier in mesosphere Thermosphäre Mesosphäre Stratosphäre Troposphäre 17

18 Mesopause temperature trend assessment 18

19 Main topics addressed by GRIPS measurements Climate: Satellites: Monitoring of temperature changes GRIPS 3 Backup Improvement of climate projections - NDMC Development of new validation approaches SatVal-A Intercomparison NDMC Extreme events: Early detection of natural hazards (z.b. Tsunami) - GiTEWS Improvement of storm track and intensity forecast CESAR 19

20 Comparison NDMC versus TIMED-SABER Bias SABER - NDMC Station [K] Miss-distance up to 500km Miss-time 10 min few hours KH1 ALR MAI ZVE WUP OPN HPB UFS MIH OSN MA1 LEO ROT DAV HAL Polar North Station Polar South 20

21 Main topics addressed by GRIPS measurements Climate: Satellites: Monitoring of temperature changes GRIPS 3 Backup Improvement of climate projections - NDMC Development of new validation approaches SatVal-A Intercomparison NDMC Extreme events: Early detection of natural hazards (z.b. Tsunami) - GiTEWS Improvement of storm track and intensity forecast CESAR 21

22 Natural hazards modulate temperature in 87km height Generation of atmospheric waves through Earth- & seaquakes Meteorites Storms Volcanoes Geomagnetic activity Erd- & Seebeben, Tsunamis Vulkane Questions: Can we detect these atmospheric waves in GRIPS measurements? Can we gain information about the generating source through these observations? Medicane, 8.Nov

23 Atmospheric waves can travel large distances Mesopause 23

24 Evidence for acoustic resonant modes in OH-Airglow GRIPS 6, Oberpfaffenhofen OH (3-1) N, E Feb 2009 Feb 2012, Oberpfaffenhofen, GRIPS 6 2 nd acoustic overtone Oberpfaffenhofen (11.27 E, N), July 15 NRL-MSISE-00 climatology acoustic cut-off Brunt-Vaisala 190s Fundamental acoustic mode 270s 300s 1 st acoustic overtone 230s Pilger, Schmidt & Bittner,

25 Gravity waves and infrasonic signals generated by a cold front above Barcelona on 16 Dec GRIPS 12, Palma de Mallorca 39,55 N, 2,63 E 25

26 Gravity waves: Vertical flux of horizontal momentum Medicane, 8.Nov , 23:00 Before Medicane Height [km] Stratosphere: Additional flux during storm: 3,9 m²/s² ~5-fold enhancement Height [km] , 11:00 During Medicane -0,4-0,3-0,2-0,1 0,0 0,1 0,2 Momentum flux [m²/s²] 26

27 Volcanic Activity : Etna Infrasound/Gravity Waves GRIPS 11, :00 UTC 04:00 UTC courtesy M. Ripepe Gravity wave activity / Infrasonic signals GRIPS 11 27

28 Challenge: Discrimination of different sources 28

29 Summary: What can we learn from airglow measurements? Measurements of atmospheric airglow allow the derivation of temperature in the mesopause region DLR operates GRIPS instruments e.g. in cooperation with the environmental research station Schneefernerhaus NDMC Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change Topics amongst others: Climate change detection, Satellite validation, Extreme events 29