Modulation of the Semiannual Oscillation Induced by Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
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1 Tokyo, Japan 14/Oct/ Modulation of the Semiannual Oscillation Induced by Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events Toshihiko Hirooka¹, *Tsuyoshi Ohata¹, Nawo Eguchi² 1 DEPS, Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan 2 RIAM, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Japan
2 Contents of today s talk 2 1.Introduction 2.Data, Analysis methods 3.Analysis I: Overview of the equatorial middle atmosphere 4.Analysis II: Interannual changes of the SAO induced by SSWs 5.Conclusions
3 1. Introduction 3 Semi-Annual Oscillation : SAO Mesopause Middle Mesosphere Stratopause Motivation Driving sources of SAO: Kelvin waves, gravity waves, planetary waves, mean meridional advection Hirota(1978):Monthly mean zonal winds at Ascension Island(8S) <In this study> Aura EOS/MLS data up to 85 km are used for dynamical analyses Stratospheric Sudden warmings (SSWs) SAO amplification?
4 2. DATA, Analysis methods 4 Aura EOS/MLS data Version3.3 Level 2 data Analysis period 8 Aug Dec Variables Vertical Levels *Grid data Horizontal spacing Temperature, GPH 40 Levels( hPa: 11-85km) 5x5 degree-grid-spacing *original orbital data grid data: 3-day accumulation of orbital data Interpolate and moving average to longitudinal direction Zonal mean zonal winds Gradient wind approximation : Same as in CIRA1986 models (Fleming et al.,1990)
5 Comparison with reanalyses for 5 Climatological annual marches of at 1hPa for 1980 to 2010 in each reanalysis (color) and gradient winds on the basis of MLS (black) (by courtesy of Dr Kawatani) : well represented by the gradient wind approximation!
6 3. Analysis I: Overview of the equatorial middle atmosphere 6 Daily zonal winds at the EQ warm: Westerly cold: Easterly U EQ Middle Mesosphere Power Spectra of daily zonal winds at the EQ Stratopause QBO (m s )
7 Climatology of seasonal marches of and 7 (0.01hPa) (1hPa) NH winter SH winter Westerly Easterly *Error bars: standard deviations(σ) Westerly periods > Easterly periods σ of is larger than that of throughout the year Period averaged σ of NH winter (Dec Mar) : 12.4 m/s SH winter (Jun Sep) : 6.7 m/s SSWs interannual changes of SAO in NH winter
8 4. Analysis II: Interannual changes of the SAO induced by SSWs 8 Occurrence Calendar of SSWs(NH winter) Year\Month / / / / / / / / /13 Total Red:Major warmings 2 groups SSWs and SAO 1. SSWs in maximum period of SAO(Jan) 2. SSWs in transition period of SAO (Feb-Mar) Maximum Transition Westerly Easterly
9 Group1: SSWs in maximum period SAO (Jan) 9 Day 0 10hPa-80N SSW 10hPa-60N Westerly Easterly Matsuno and Nakamura(1979) F:Eliassen - Palm Flux U EQ Strong E ly of and W ly of SSW SAO amplifications? SSW *thin lines: climatology Composite analysis Day0: maximum
10 Temperature anomalies during SSWs based on composite analysis10 (hpa) Meridional structures of Temperature anomalies from Climatology Day -5 w c Day 0 Day 5 w c w c (km) Temperature anomalies in the equatorial region during SSWs Lower mesosphere : Warming Upper stratosphere : Cooling
11 Amplification mechanism for SAO 11 SSW Average over Day 0-5 W ly 0.01hPa W C C E ly C 1hPa S N Thermal wind balance : = On EQ W ly EQ NP
12 , anomalies from climatology at the EQ 12 T-Anom T SSW w Lower-mesosphere Warming c Upper-stratosphere Cooling U-Anom U EQ Thermal wind balance W ly W ly acceleration E ly E ly acceleration EQ (Contour:climatology) Blue:0.01hPa Red:1hPa SSW Note: anomalies > 2σ SAO Amplification
13 Response of SAO to different occurrence time of SSWs 13 During SSWs : W ly acceleration SSW : E ly acceleration SSW W ly E ly Maximum (Jan) Transition (Feb-Mar) SAO Amplification SAO Weakening
14 Major warming during SAO transition period 14 Time changes of and Major warmings in SAO transition period(feb-mar) Small zonal wind difference between and SSWs weaken SAO SSW thin lines: climatology
15 5. Conclusions 15 SAO and : out- of-phase Climatology of Seasonal marches : - sinusoidal change - non-sinusoidal change During SSWs Thermal wind balance on EQ W ly acceleration Occurrence Time of SSWs SSW SSW E ly acceleration Maximum (Jan) Transition (Feb-Mar) = SAO Amplification SAO Weakening
16 Thank you! 16
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