3D Clinostat. School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology

Transcription

1 Banana Ripening Study on 3D Clinostat School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia do es a National at o a Institute st tute of Aeronautics e o aut cs and a d Space (LAPAN) ( )

2 Background 2005: APRSAF (Asia Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum), Fukuoka, Jepang, 2005 JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) offer little experiment (< 5 kg) at JEM KIBO LAPAN ITB ITB accepted t d th the offer ff and d proposed d a research h proposal 2007: Feasibility study at ITB 2008: Preliminary Experiment at JAXA : Ground based experiment

3 Fruit Ripening Process S adenosyl L methionine (AdoMet) ACC Synthase 1 aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylic acid (ACC) Induced by: Ripening, IAA, wounding, Flower senescence, ACC Oxidase Induced by: Ripening, O 2 Inhibited by : b CO Etilen Altered ripening related gene expression : autocatalytic ethylene production cell wall modification volatile production color development carbohydrate metabolism water stress, flooding anaerob, CO 2 Taiz & Zeiger, 2002; Alexander &Grierson, 2002

4 Earth and Space Environment is Different Elevated levels of ethylene or CO2, reduced levels of available O2, all contributed factors to metabolic stress in plants, are all common in closed environments such as those experienced p in orbital vehicles

5 3D clinostat Research on the effect of space environment in ripening process has not been conducted. 3D equipped 3 cclinostat, ostat, equ pped with 2 rotation axes and closed chamber made from glass was made to mimic microgravity. g y 3D clinostat developed at ITB

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7 Objective bj i To study the effect of microgravity in banana ripening process using 3D clinostat Hypothesis 3D clinostat will affect fruit ripening process

8 Method Sample selection Green Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata AAA. Group) Packaging Carbon lining Carbon lining pouch Placement Earth gravity and microgravity simulation Physiological measurement and Molecular Analysis Respiration Respiration, peel color color, starch content MaACS and MaACO gene expression profile

9 RESULT

10 PRELIMINARY STUDY

11 Effects of extreme conditions on MaACS1 gene expression ripening stage Expression Level (n ormalized to Ma18srRN NA) ExpressionLevelofMaACS1 of gene in open and closed chamber (pulp tissues) pulp 1 pulp 3 pulp 5 pulp 7 MaACS1 open MaACS1 closed MaACS1 open MaACS1 closed Open Ground Close Ground Open Clinostat Close Clinostat Banana fruit ripening process in clinostat (microgravity condition) was much slower than normal condition (earth gravity). Moreover, pulp condition in clinostat was more juicy and non edible. ed to Expressio on Level (normaliz Ma18srRNA) Expression Level of MaACS1 gene in open and closed chamber (peel tissues) peel 1 peel 3 peel 5 peel 7 MaACS1 open MaACS1 closed gravity) MaACS1 open MaACS1 closed

12 GROUND BASED EXPERIMENT

13 Experiment Design Control: Banana placed on ground Closed Cl d Clinostat Treatment: Banana placed on 3D clinostat

14 Respiration Carb bon Dioxide (ppm) Carbon Dioxide Production T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 Day open clinostat open ground closed ground closed clinostat

15 Peel Color and Chlorophyll Closed Clinostat Peel color changes gradually from green to yellow Open Clinostat Closed Ground 0.9 Chlorophy yl (mg/l) Open Clinostat Closed Clinostat Open Ground Closed Ground Open Ground 0.6 T0 T1 T4 T5 T7 Day Clorophyll decreases over time, as it normally does in ripening process. It indicates changes of peel color from green to yellow.

16 Open Ground Starch Content Open Clinostat Black color from iodine reaction shows the presence of starch. As sugar content increases in ripen banana, starch decreases. Closed Ground Closed Clinostat

17 Sugar Content Sugar Content of Peel Sugar Content of Pulp ºBrix 1.5 Open Clinostat Closed Clinostat ºBrix 3.5 Open Clinostat Closed Clinostat Open Ground 3 Open Ground 1 Closed Ground 2.5 Closed Ground T0 T1 T4 T5 T7 1 T0 T1 T4 T5 T7 Day Day Ripeningi is indicated d by increase of sugar content. t Rapid increase of sugar content is observed in open group.

18 Gene Expression SAM ACC Etilen MaACS1 MaACS5 MaACO1 MaACO expression mean fo old change in gene control open chamber clino open chamber control close chamber ne expression mean fold change in ge control open chamber clino open chamber control close chamber clino close chamber 0 20 t0 t1 t4 t5 t7 day clino close chamber 0 1 t0 t1 t4 t5 t7 day Microgravity simulation using 3D clinostat can affect the MaACO1 and MaACS1 gene expression. Following approach of this research is transcriptomics study.

19 Conclusion The result showed that banana shelf life g at microgravity g y simulation was longest condition Microgravity simulation using 3D clinostat can affect the ripening related gene i expression.

20 Future Direction Built networking with researchers and research institutions in Japan and other Asia Pacific p g process p studyy countries to conduct fruit ripening in real microgravity condition.

21 Acknowledgement National i l Institute i off Aeronautics i and d Space (LAPAN), Indonesia Japan p Aerospace p exploration p Agency g y Indonesian Directorate General for Higher Education Bandung Institute of Technology, I d Indonesia i

22 Newspaper pp Publications Tempo Newspaper, November 8 th, 2012 January 2014 Tempo Magazine,

23 Published & Incoming Paper from Ground Based Experiment

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25 Thank You