Sedimentary Rocks. Weathering. Types of mechanical aka physical weathering. Mechanical Weathering. Chemical Weathering.
|
|
- Collin Day
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lithification Sediments Deposition Sedimentary Rocks Weathering The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by: Mechanical & Chemical Weathering Transport Erosion Weathering Types of mechanical aka physical weathering Mechanical Weathering unloading rx expand when overburden lessened frost wedging H 2 O expands 9% to ice insolation solar heating expansion salt crystals root wedging seismic deformation Chemical Weathering big point: some minerals are more stable than others Mineral Stability hydrolysis, oxidation, dissolution, dehydration, solutioning, bio-chemical weathering 1
2 Products of Weathering Erosion & Transport Lithic (Rock) Fragments (granite, basalt,schist, etc.) Dissolved Ions (Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, etc.) Rust Minerals (Hematite, Goertite, etc.) Clay Minerals (Bentonite, Montmorillonite, etc.) Residual Minerals (Quartz, Orthoclase, Muscovite, etc.) Water Wind Ice Gravity Common Depositional Environments Marine shoreline and near-shore environments Sediment Lithification Cementation Typical Cements: Calcite Quartz Iron oxide Rock 2
3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Identification Detrital or clastic Rocks Chemical Rocks Note: Use many of the same terms to describe sediments & sedimentary rocks. Only difference is lithification! vs. Difference: Texture Detrital (Clastic Texture) vs. Chemical (Crystalline Texture) Detrital Rock Composition Detrital Rocks Lithic Fragments Quartz Clay Minerals Fossil Fragments Rust Minerals Orthoclase Muscovite / Biotite Clastic Texture Grain Size Grain Sorting Grain Rounding Sediment Maturity Detrital Rock Texture Gravel 2mm Sand 1/16 mm Mud - Silt 1/256 mm Mud - Clay Grain Size 3
4 Detrital Rock Names (Based Primarily on Grain Size) Sorting Gravel -Sized: Conglomerate Sand Sized: Sandstone Mud-Sized: Mudstone Siltstone Shale Gravel Sized Detrital Rocks (Subdivided Based on Grain Roundness) Conglomerate Breccia Maturity Mature Well Sorted Well Rounded All Quartz Immature Poorly Sorted Angular grains Mixed Composition including clay Quartz Sandstone Lithic Sandstone Sandstones (Subdivided based on maturity) Arkose (Sandstone) Greywacke 4
5 Sandstones Under a Scope Detrital Sedimentary Rock ID Chemical Rock Texture Crystalline Texture Coarse Fine Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Names based primarily on composition) Composition Calcite Quartz (silica) Halite Gypsum Carbon / Plant Remains Basic Rock Name Limestone Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum Peat or Coal Crystalline Limestone Chemical Rocks (Names based mainly on composition) Limestones Chemical Rocks (cont.) Evaporites Fossiliferous Limestone Chert Rock Salt Chalk Rock Gypsum Coal 5
6 Sedimentary Rocks Interpretations What do Sedimentary Rocks Record? Source of sediment Erosion and Transport Agent Distance of Transport Depositional Environment Paleogeography/Tectonic Setting Chemical Sedimentary Rock ID Interpretation of Composition Detrital Rocks: Source of sediment Exposure to Weathering (Distance of Transport) (Type of Climate) Note About Detrital Rock Color & Composition Grain Size Smaller is often darker Composition Carbon - black or brown Quartz - tan, clear, white Orthoclase orange or pink Depositional Environment Iron on land - red Iron in deep, oxygen poor water - green Detrital Rock Names (Based Primarily on Grain Size) Interpretation: Grain Size Gravel -Sized: Conglomerate Sand Sized: Sandstone Gravel Sand High Energy River, Beach River, Beach, Desert Silt Delta, Shallow Ocean Mud-Sized: Mudstone Clay Low Energy Deep Ocean, Lake, Swamp Siltstone Shale 6
7 Interpretation: Sorting Clast Supported Conglomerate (River Deposits) Interpretation: Poorly Sorted Well Sorted Transport Agent Gravity and Glaciers (and Rivers) Water and Wind Matrix Supported Conglomerate (Glacial/Landslide Deposits) Interpretation: Grain Roundness 2.2 Gyr Conglomerate Modern Glacial Sediments Short Interpretation: Distance of Transport Far Limestone Formation of Limestone Crystalline Limestone Calcite Precipitates in Warm Water Water Under Low Pressure (Shallow) Fossiliferous Limestone Or It is secreted by biological organisms Clams, Mussels, Scallops, etc. Corals Foraminifera Chalk 7
8 Limestone Represents: Shallow Tropical Ocean Chalk (Foraminifera) Black Sea Travertine (Limestone) Black Sea Chert (Flint, Jasper, Agate ) Diatom Skeletons Chemical sed. rk formed via silicious ooze in the deep sea. Source of silica = tests (tiny shells) of radiolarians and diatoms (which are made of silica) Radiolarians 8
9 Evaporites: Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah Chert Represents Rock Gypsum Rock Salt Deep Ocean Isolated, Arid, Salty Sea/Lake Peat and Coal Swamp, Bog Coal beds in Puget Group sedimentary rocks near Ashford Sedimentary features and structures beds crossbeds ripple marks graded beds fossils mud cracks raindrop imprints etc Channel fill ~315 Ma Sharon Conglomerate, Cuyahoga River valley, Ohio 9
10 Crossbedded sandstone dune deposition by wind! Planar cross beds Sharon Conglomerate, lower Pennsylvanian Age (~315 Ma), Cuyahoga River valley, Ohio; interpreted as a braided stream sedimentary environment (lens cap ~52 mm) dune deposition by water! Zion National Park. Festooned cross beds deposited by wind. How crossbeds form migrating dunes! Turbidity currents ad:\digital_content\animations_library\0009.swf 10
11 Modern mud cracks Ancient mud cracks in shale modern mud cracks, Ceres Road 2007 flood-deposited muds Current ripples in wet sediment, Baja CA Ripple marks in sandstone, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah Pat Pringle, photo Ripple marks in tilted Puget Group sedimentary rocks of Eocene age near Wilkeson WA 11
12 Fossil shells in sandstone, CA Fossil fish from Eocene Green River Shale in western Wyoming Fossil metasequoia leaf from rocks several miles east of Packwood, Oligocene age Lithologic Indicators of Climate legend.htm dipping beds in Centralia Coal Mine, view to south fossils from Skookumchuck Formation 12
13 <= Portunites triangulum Crab, Eocene, Wahiakum Co., Washington More WA fossils! Dinosaur footprint, Tuba City, AZ Misc. Sedimentary Features Sorting Sorting Roundness Orientation: random vs. preferred Color Preferred orientation Imbrication = strong current Current direction is right to left Color Black = reducing conditions (ex: pyrite, MnO 2, organic matter) Green = near oxidation/reduction margin (ex: glauconite, chlorite) Red = oxidation (ex: hematite, red beds most of these are subaerial) Color is a function of size and composition Finer grained = truer colors Weathering & matrix cement also influence 13
14 Photo donated by Larry McMIllan Eocene McIntosh Formation: Tenino Sandstone outcrop along rr tracks near Chehalis R., Galvin WA Rock Units FORMATION- Extensive enough to show on a map Distinctive from neighboring rock units Named locally CONTACTS Sedimentary contacts bounding surfaces between two sedimentary units Grand Canyon an awesome place to see strata! Monument Creek Grand Canyon The great unconformity Track of 1984 debris flow Bob Webb, photo,
15 Granite Rapid, Grand Canyon Bob volcanologist Webb, photo, 1986 for scale 15
Sedimentary Rocks. Weathering. Mechanical & Chemical Weathering. Sediments. Lithification. Deposition. Transport. Erosion.
Lithification Sedimentary Rocks Sediments Deposition Transport Erosion Weathering Weathering The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by: Mechanical & Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering
More informationSedimentology & Stratigraphy. Thanks to Rob Viens for slides
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy Thanks to Rob Viens for slides Sedimentology The study of the processes that erode, transport and deposit sediments Sedimentary Petrology The study of the characteristics and
More informationSediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment
Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary
More informationModule 9 Sedimentary Rocks
Module 9 Sedimentary Rocks SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Rocks formed from material derived from preexisting rocks by surfacial processes followed by diagenesis There are two main classes of sedimentary rocks Clastic
More informationLab 7: Sedimentary Structures
Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the
More informationSediments and Sedimentary Rocks
Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks (Shaping Earth s Surface, Part 2) Science 330 Summer 2005 What is a sedimentary rock? Products of mechanical and chemical weathering Account for about 5 percent of Earth
More informationSediment. Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface
Sediment Some basic terminology Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface Erosion: removal of weathered rock and minerals from one place to
More informationLecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018
Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Quiz 2 scheduled for Friday Feb 23 (Interlude B, Chapters 6,7) Questions? Chapter 6 Pages of the Past: Sedimentary Rocks Key Points for today Be
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationEPS 50 Lab 4: Sedimentary Rocks
Name: EPS 50 Lab 4: Sedimentary Rocks Grotzinger and Jordan, Chapter 5 Introduction In this lab we will classify sedimentary rocks and investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and
More informationThe Nature of Sedimentary Rocks
The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed of: Fragments of other rocks Chemical precipitates Organic matter or biochemically produced materials The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 100. Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationA Sedimentary Rock is..
Sedimentary Rocks A Sedimentary Rock is.. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic
More informationSedimentary Environments Chapter 8
Sedimentary Environments Chapter 8 Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. What is a sedimentary rock? Sedimentary rocks are products of
More informationUNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WHAT ARE SEDIMENTS Sediments are loose Earth materials (unconsolidated materials) such as sand which are transported by the action of water, wind, glacial ice and gravity. These
More informationA Sedimentary Rock is..
Sedimentary Rocks A Sedimentary Rock is.. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic
More informationSedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris
Rocks! Objectives Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock Distinguish between clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks Identify the features that are
More informationEngineering Geology ECIV 2204
Engineering Geology ECIV 2204 Instructor : Dr. Jehad Hamad 2017-2016 Chapter (6) : Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6: Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6: Sedimentary Rocks Origin and nature of sedimentary rocks: Sedimentary
More informationChapter 6 Pages of Earth s Past: Sedimentary Rocks
Chapter 6 Pages of Earth s Past: Sedimentary Rocks Introduction! Drilling into the bottom of the North Sea, we encounter: " Soft mud and loose sand, silt, pebbles, and shells. Then: " Similar materials
More informationGLG Chapter 7 Sedimentary Environments & Rocks
GLG 101 - Chapter 7 Sedimentary Environments & Rocks Name Note, Oct 11: I ll be writing this study sheet over the next few days. Each day I will add questions until the entire chapter is done, hopefully
More informationSediment and Sedimentary rock
Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces
More informationEarth Materials Unit: Sedimen ntary Rocks and Processes Maybe One Day Text: Chapters Five and Six Lab: Laboratorry Six Name
Earth Materi ials Unit: Sedimentary Rocks and Proces sses Maybe One Day Text: Chapters Fivee and Six Lab: Laboratory Six Name Page 1 Sedimentary Rocks and Processes Purpose: To classify sedimentary rocks
More informationSand. Sand is any eroded material (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary) that has a grain size from 1/16 th to 2 millimeters in size.
Sedimentology 001 What is sedimentology? Sedimentology...encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand [1], mud (silt) [2] andclay [3] and understanding the processes that deposit them.[4] It
More informationESC102. Sedimentary Rocks. Our keys to the past. Monday, February 11, 13
ESC102 Sedimentary Rocks Our keys to the past Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are rocks that form through the accumulation of sediment and the process of lithification. Lithification occurs after deposition
More informationSedimentary Rocks - are one of the three main rock types
Today s Objective: What Makes Sedimentary Rocks Special? Sedimentary Rocks - are one of the three main rock types A sedimentary rock can form one of three ways: 1. by the deposition of the weathered remains
More informationSedimentary Rocks Chapter 6
Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6 I. What is a sedimentary rock? A. Sedimentary rock 1) Rock made of detrital sediments (such as sand) or inorganic/organic chemical precipitates (such as calcite) 2) Detrital
More information1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical
More informationClastic Textures. I. What is the sorting of sample numbers 60, 61, and 62? Answers on last page.
Sed Rock s Sel f-instruction N ame Geology 100 Harbor Secti on Sedimentary rocks are usually identified in the field by their stratification or layering, which originates by the successive deposition of
More informationSedimentary Rocks, our most Valuable Rocks. Or, what you will probably find when you are outdoors exploring.
Sedimentary Rocks, our most Valuable Rocks Or, what you will probably find when you are outdoors exploring. Sedimentary rocks give us evidence to earth s earlier history. We look at processes happening
More informationWhat is a sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary Rocks What is a sedimentary rock? Sedimentary rocks are products of mechanical and chemical weathering They account for only 5% of the top 10 miles of the outer crust, yet most of the earth
More informationROCK CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
Name: Miramar College Grade: GEOL 101 - Physical Geology Laboratory SEDIMENTARY ROCK CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION PRELAB SECTION To be completed before labs starts: I. Introduction & Purpose: The
More informationSEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Processes, Environments, Structures and Rocks. Sedimentary Processes and Rocks
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Processes, Environments, Structures and Rocks Sedimentary Processes and Rocks Origins of Sedimentary Rocks Sediment transport and texture Sedimentary structures Lithification Classifying
More informationChapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock
Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Weathering and Erosion Wherever rock is exposed at Earth s surface, it is continuously being broken down by weathering a set of physical and chemical processes
More information13. Sedimentary Rocks I (p )
13. Sedimentary Rocks I (p. 194-208) Sediment Deposition Weathering results in rock being broken down into smaller fragments, called regolith. This regolith is then broken down to form soil. The regolith
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
GLS100-01 Quiz#7 chapters 5 and 6 Fall 2009 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Clay minerals formed from gabbro or diorite bedrock
More informationMud Sand Gravel. Clastic Textures
Sed Rocks Self-Instruction Lab Name Geology 100 Harbor Section Please see the questions online before you begin. Sedimentary rocks are usually identified in the field by their stratification or layering,
More informationMud Sand Gravel. Clastic Textures
Sed Rocks Self-Instruction Lab Name Geology 100 Harbor Section Read the sedimentary rocks chapter before you start. Sedimentary rocks are usually identified in the field by their stratification or layering,
More informationUnderstanding Earth Fifth Edition
Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Press Siever Chapter 5: SEDIMENTATION: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes Lecturer: H Mohammadzadeh Assistant professors, Department of Geology, FUM Copyright
More informationGeo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs. LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes
Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes Last week we covered the basic types of rocks and the rock cycle. This lab concentrates on sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks have special
More informationGEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5 Sedimentation Rocks Formed by Surface Processes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Mineralogy of sandstones Key Figure 5.12
More informationSediments and. Sedimentary Rocks
Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Bottom Line Sedimentary rocks form from particles accumulated in sedimentary layers Sedimentary layers can be formed by clastic or detrital particles (e.g., sand grains,
More informationDOMINANT SEDIMENTS TYPE IN ROCK Loose fragments of rocks or minerals broken off of bedrock Mineral crystals that precipitate directly out of water
LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: 7. SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES, ROCKS, AND ENVIRONMENTS Instructions: Refer to Laboratory 6 in your Lab Book on pages 153-186 to answer the questions in this work sheet.
More informationEmily and Megan. Earth System Science. Elements of Earth by weight. Crust Elements, by weight. Minerals. Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight
Emily and Megan Chapter 20 MINERALS AND ROCKS Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth
More informationThe boundary between two formations (or any distinct layers) is called a contact. Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of continents.
Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks form at the Earth s surface through interactions of the hydrologic system and the crust. Fortunately, many of these processes are in operation today, and geologists
More informationGEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks
GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks Name I. Introduction The bulk of the earth's crust is composed of relatively few minerals. These can be mixed together, however, to give
More informationBowen s Chemical Stability Series
Lab 5 - Identification of Sedimentary Rocks Page - Introduction Sedimentary rocks are the second great rock group. Although they make up only a small percentage of the rocks in the earth s crust (~5%)
More informationMinerals and Rocks Chapter 20
Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth
More informationEROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69
EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages 124-133 Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69 Base Level Resistant bed Resistant bed creates a local base level
More informationSedimentary rocks. Mechanical Weathering. Weathering. Chemical weathering. Rates of weathering. Fossil Fuel Resources. Two kinds of weathering
Sedimentary rocks Fossil Fuel Resources Exam next Tuesday February 14 Bring Scantron and Review Questions About 75% of all rock outcrops on the continents Important to reconstruct much of Earth's history
More informationChapter 5. The Sedimentary Archives
Chapter 5 The Sedimentary Archives Factors affecting Sedimentary Characteristics 1. Tectonic setting 2. Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the depositional environment 3. Method of sediment
More informationPaleo Lab #4 - Sedimentary Environments
Paleo Lab #4 - Sedimentary Environments page - 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENT Grain size and grain shape: The sizes and shapes of sedimentary particles (grains) are modified considerably during their transportation
More informationSection I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
More informationSedimentary Rocks Most common SURFACE rock
Sedimentary Rocks Most common SURFACE rock Formation of Sedimentary Rocks (Sediments are pressed & cemented together) Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Erosion involves the weathering and the removal
More informationClastic Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D. Alternating sandstones and mudstones in Miocene turbidites Camaggiore di Firenzuola, Firenze, Italy Alessandro Grippo review Mechanical weathering creates
More informationPath of desire or path of least resistance?
Path of desire or path of least resistance? Desire Path: A term in landscape architecture used to describe a path that isn t designed but rather is worn casually away by people finding the shortest distance
More informationCrust Elements. Elements of Earth. Minerals. Crystals. Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air
Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight Elements of Earth Made of atoms
More informationIgneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals. Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane SGM 210_2013
Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane 1 SGM 210_2013 Classification of sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are products of weathered, fragmented or dissolved,
More informationTo get you thinking Explain how these different layers of rock formed? Why are these layers different colors? Sedimentary Rocks
To get you thinking Explain how these different layers of rock formed? Why are these layers different colors? Sedimentary Rocks Bryce Canyon, Utah Badlands, South Dakota Weathering Whenever rock is exposed
More informationNC Earth Science Essential Standards
NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.
More informationGeology 252, Historical Geology, California State University, Los Angeles - professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo
LAB # 1 - CLASTIC ROCKS Background: - Mechanical and Chemical Weathering - Production of Clastic Sediment - Classification of Sediment according to size: Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay - Erosion, Transportation
More informationSedimentary rocks. Sedimentary Rocks are produced from weathered debris of older rocks. Sedimentary rocks are produced by the following steps:
Sedimentary rocks Most figures contained here are fro m Understand ing Earth Fourth Edition by F rank P ress, Raymond Sieve r, John Grotzinge r, and Thomas H. Jor dan Sedimentary Rocks are produced from
More informationCHAPTER 3.2: SEDIMENTARY ROCK
CHAPTER 3.2: SEDIMENTARY ROCK Introduction Second major rock group. Formed from fine constituents of rock usually from mountainous areas which are transported to lower elevation due to certain processes.
More information2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
CHAPTER 4 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture
More informationSedimentary Rocks and Processes
Sedimentary Rocks and Processes Weathering Sedimentary Processes Breakdown of pre-existing rock by physical and chemical processes Transport Movement of sediments from environments of relatively high potential
More informationSedimentary Rocks Reading with Questions (Pg. 3-6) Scheme for Sedimentary Rock Identification Video (Mr. White s website) Questions (Pg.
Do At Least 2 Must Do All NAME: Kick Off Activity Comparing Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks (Pg. 2) The Foundation Sedimentary Rocks Reading with Questions (Pg. 3-6) Scheme for Sedimentary Rock Identification
More informationCOMPOSITIONAL TERMS: FELSIC : light colored INTERMEDIATE : medium shades MAFIC : dark colored ULTRAMAFIC : rare (composition of the mantle)
GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory NAME: Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS SECTION: Common Rocks (Chapter 2) For this assignment, you will require: a streak plate, glass plate, magnet, dilute hydrochloric (HCl) acid,
More informationYour teacher will show you a sample or diagram of each, and show you a settling column. Draw these, and label your diagrams (8 pts) Ungraded:
From Sand to Stone: How do we recognize and interpret sedimentary rocks in the rock record? (Based closely on the University of Washington ESS 101 Lab 5: Sedimentary Rocks) Introduction: This lab consists
More information1. Gravel-size 2. Sand-size 3. Silt-size 4. Clay-size 5. Microcrystalline 6. Macrocrystalline
Name: GEOL 101 - Physical Geology Lab Grade: SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCK CLASSIFICATION and IDENTIFICATION SEDIMENTARY PRE-ID SECTION To be completed before observing hand samples: I. Introduction &
More informationSedimentary Rocks, Stratigraphy, and Geologic Time
Sedimentary Rocks, Stratigraphy, and Geologic Time A rock is any naturally formed, nonliving, coherent aggregate mass of solid matter that constitutes part of a planet, asteroid, moon, or other planetary
More informationLecture 7: Sedimentary Rocks
Lecture 7: Sedimentary Rocks 1. Read: Chapter 8 2. Homework #7 due Thursday 12pm 3. Midterm #1 Thursday, September 24 iclicker assignments pick yours up 001 Abreu 003 Agena 004 Albert 006 Araki 091 Atiburcio
More informationChapter 10. Chapter Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Rocks. Section 1 Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Chapter 10 Rocks 1 Chapter 10 Section 1 Rocks and the Rock Cycle 2 10.1 Rocks and the Rock Cycle Magma is the parent material for all rocks. Once the magma cools and hardens, many changes can occur. Geology:
More informationAs compaction and cementation of these sediments eventually occur, which area will become siltstone? A) A B) B C) C D) D
1. A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together,
More informationTHE ROCK CYCLE & ROCKS. Subtitle
THE ROCK CYCLE & ROCKS Subtitle 3. Three rocks that do not have minerals or are composed of nonmineral matter. Coal Pumuce Obsidian THE ROCK CYCLE Why do scientists study rocks? Rocks contain clues about
More informationGEOL 101 Lecture 7. Weathering, Sediments. Rock Cycle. Least Stable. Most Stable. Weathering Ch. 5. Physical. Chemical
GEOL 101 Lecture 7 Weathering, Sediments S. Kite Photo Bear Butte S.P., SD Rock Cycle Weathering Ch. 5 Physical (later) Chemical (now) Bowen s Reaction Series vs. Goldich s Weathering Series for sand-size
More informationA. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface).
EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 5 NOTES KEY How Earth's Rocks Were Formed Early geologists believed that the physical features of the Earth were formed by sudden spectacular events called CATASTROPHES. Modern
More informationWeathering Cycle Teacher Notes
The Weathering Cycle Stages of the Weathering Cycle: 1. Carbon Dioxide and Water In clouds, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form a weak acid. H 2 O + CO 2 --> H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3-2. Acid
More informationLaboratory 5. Sedimentary Rocks
Laboratory 5. Sedimentary Rocks The two primary types of sediment are chemical and detrital. Sediment becomes lithified into sedimentary rocks by cementation and compaction. Chemical sedimentconsists of
More informationLab 5: Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. More sedimentary rocks Needed: Samples R18 R28 (Tubs 21 31), R33 (Tub 36) and S1 (Tub 94)
Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 5: Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks More sedimentary rocks Needed: Samples R18 R28 (Tubs 21 31), R33 (Tub 36) and S1 (Tub 94) 1. a. Sedimentary rocks are held together by cement,
More information4/4. K What I know about Sedimentary Rocks. W What I want to find out about Sedimentary Rocks Sunday, April 7, 13
Do Now (2 minutes) 4/4 K What I know about Sedimentary Rocks W What I want to find out about Sedimentary Rocks 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. The Rock Cycle What is the rock cycle and how do rocks interrelate? Rock
More informationRocks. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle. I. Rocks
Rocks Tarbuck Lutgens 3.1 The Rock Cycle 3.1 The Rock Cycle I. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks 1. Igneous rock
More informationSedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks form from pre existing rock. igneous, metamorphic or. sedimentary.
Sedimentary Rocks 1 Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks form from pre existing rock particles: igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. 2 3 The parent rock undergoes: Sedimentary rocks WEATHERING TRANSPORTATION
More informationFacies Cryptic description Depositional processes Depositional environments Very well sorted. Desert dunes. Migration of straight crested mega ripples
Very well sorted Travelled grate distance, effective sorting 5 medium-grained sandstone with well rounded grains; large scale high angle planar cross-beds. Migration of straight crested mega ripples Desert
More informationName: Grade: GEOL Physical Geology Laboratory Sedimentaryand Metamorphic Rocks Lab #6
Name: GEOL 101 - Physical Geology Laboratory Sedimentaryand Metamorphic Rocks Lab #6 Grade: PRELAB SECTION To be completed before labs starts: I. Introduction & Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 3 Rocks 3.1 The Rock Cycle Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks
More informationES120 Sedimentology/Stratigraphy
Midterm Exam 5/05/08 NAME: 1. List or describe 3 physical processes that contribute to the weathering of rocks (3pts). exfoliation frost wedging many others. roots, thermal expansion/contraction also credit
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen
More informationMetamorphic Rocks. Describe possible changes that result from metamorphism. Include: (i) texture (ii) volume change (iii) chemical change
Metamorphic Rocks Describe the process of metamorphism Describe possible changes that result from metamorphism. Include: (i) texture (ii) volume change (iii) chemical change Describe the result of selected
More informationFrom Atoms to Minerals to Rocks: The building blocks of the Earth
From Atoms to Minerals to Rocks: The building blocks of the Earth 1 Questions your students might ask? What are rocks made of? What are minerals? What are minerals? What is the difference between Fool
More informationDepositional Environments. Depositional Environments
Depositional Environments Geographic area in which sediment is deposited Characterized by a combination of geological process & environmental conditions Depositional Environments Geological processes:
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen
More informationObjectives: Define Relative Age, Absolute Age
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth s surface is formed. c. Classify rocks by their process of formation. g. Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface
More informationEarth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks
Name: Date: Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 1, pages 56 to 66 2.4: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rock Formation All sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation
More informationENVI.2030L Rock Identification
ENVI.2030L Rock Identification Name I. Introduction The bulk of the earth's crust is composed of relatively few minerals. These can be mixed together, however, to give an endless variety of rocks - aggregates
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More informationSedimentary Geology. Strat and Sed, Ch. 1 1
Sedimentary Geology Strat and Sed, Ch. 1 1 Sedimentology vs. Stratigraphy Sedimentology is the study of the origin and classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks Mostly the physical and chemical
More informationReview - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals
Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.
More informationIgneous Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks
Name: Date: Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks form from the solidification of magma either below (intrusive igneous rocks) or above (extrusive igneous rocks) the Earth s surface. For example, the igneous rock
More informationMarine Sediments. Introductory Oceanography. Ray Rector: Instructor
Marine Sediments Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector: Instructor Ocean Basins are Vast Sinks for Huge Amounts of Sediment from Numerous Different Sources Four Major Types of Seafloor Sediments 1. Lithogenous
More information