Review of collaborations on polar research between Japan and Norway
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1 Polar Climate, Ecosystem and Atmospheric Research Opportunities for Norway-Japan Collaboration November 2, 2012 Review of collaborations on polar research between Japan and Norway Kazuyuki Shiraishi Director-General National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) Research Organization of Information and systems(rois) Japan 1
2 CONTENTS Collaborations on polar research 1. Introduction 2. Brief history of Norway-Japan collaborations 2.1 the Arctic between Japan and Norway 2.2 the Antarctic 3. Future collaboration Google Earth 2
3 Norway and Japan in Antarctica Jan Kainan-maru met Fram in the Whales Bay, Ross Iceshelf Lt. Nobu Shirase Private Expedition Kainan-maru (left) and Fram, drawn by Captain Naokichi Nomura S W Ross Iceshelf Yamato Yukihara 28,Jan Syowa Troll Fram in the Whales Bay, view from Kainan-maru 3
4 Recent Japanese initiative for Arctic Research 1. Conjugate auroral observation in Iceland (1984~) 2. Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Station (1991~) and office at Longyearbyen (1993~ ) 3. EISCAT member with ESR 2 nd antenna (1996~), 4. Transpolar airborne atmospheric measurements (1998/2000, 2002/2004) 5. Arctic cruises by RV/Mirai (1998~) and others, marine ecosystem, ocean and sea ice survey 6. Terrestrial ecosystem, hydrology and geomorphology 7. Rocket experiments(andøya, Ny-Ålesund) and Satellite data center 8. Meteorological observations, and atmospheric monitoring by NIPR, JAMSTEC, JAXA, NIES, and many universities and institutes. Various researches in the Arctic 4 (examples of 2000 s)
5 Japanese scientific activities in Svalbard Histograms show the number of programs. Arrows show continuous observations. Oceanography NIPR IASC 1991 NIPR Ny-Ålesund Sta. IPY GRENE Bio- science Glaciology Aerosol, Greenhouse gas, Cloud Atmospheric science ASTAR Geoscience S.Gravimeter Geol. JSES Geomor. Geomor. Upper atmosphere physics JSES EISCAT MF auroral radio Meteor radar VLF/LF 5
6 Kyoiku-sha Expedition Aurora and geomagnetism ( ) 2. Biology (1985) 3. Geology (1983,84,86) 4. Geomorphology (1988) Collaboration with NPI, Univ. Trondheim and Oslo Univ. 1 Ny-Ålesund Longyearbyen. 3 Dr. Yoshihide Ohta Geology Team (1983) 6
7 Ny-Ålesund Research Station NIPR research station established in 1991 Planned new site A new laboratory is under contemplation. 7
8 Arctic Research Atmosphere sciences such as greenhouse gasses, ozone observation, emission and aerosol observation and biological field works in Ny-Ålesund. EISCAT in Longyearbyen. Ny-Ålesund Since 1991 Atmospheric observations Ecophysiological study EISCAT Svalbard Radar Comparative study of atmospheric research, aurora observation and glaciological study Atmospheric observation campaign Auroral observation Glacier coring 8
9 YEAR (AD) Ice core drill sites in Svalbard (Collaboration with Norway) Temperature record from Austfonna 1999 core δ 18 O ( ) Vestfonna (580m) Austfonna (750m) Longyearbyen Lomonosovfonna (1250m) Reconstruction of temperature δ 18 O: Proxy for Temperature Watanabe et al.,
10 Temporal Variations of Atmospheric Minor Constituents at Ny-Ålesund ppbv 1900 Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard km 4 Aerosol and Cloud formation ppbv Syowa Sta., Antarctica CH 4 concentration Year Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (12:00) CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations observed at Ny- Ålesund and Syowa Station, Antarctica. Date (Time) (18:00) (00:00) (06:00) 26 (12:00) Syowa Sta, Antarctica CO 2 concentration Year Micro Pulse Radar 10
11 Field Studies in Svalbard Ecophysiological studies on High Arctic deglaciated area In order to predict future ecosystem composition and function, we have conducted studies on the ecosystem carbon cycle in the various successional stages in a deglaciated area of Ny-Ålesund since Austre Brøggerbreen (East Brøgger glacier) is retreating more than 15m per year since Behavior of Polar Bear in Wild 1936 Photo:NPI Photo:NPI Recording devices attached to polar bears reveal their behavior in the wild. (Svalbard, 2010) オーブロヤー湾 11
12 Ecology of marine predators in the Arctic Ocean Swimming behavior of Greenland sharks in Svalbard using recording devices (2009) Collaboration with NPI. The slowest fish! Photo by Armin Muck Watanabe et al. (2012) JEMBE 12
13 Nordic Collaborative Facilities for UAP NIPR 80 Ny-Alesund Rocket Range Longyearbyen EISCAT Svalbard Radar Heating Facility(SPEAR) Optical Instruments Meteor Radar Meteor Aurora Spectrographn Andoya Rocket Range ALOMAR Tromso EISCAT UHF/VHF Radar Heating Facility Optical Instruments Meteor Radar MF Radar Kiruna Sodankyla EISCAT UHF Radar ALIS Camera ESRANGE Optical Aurora camera 13
14 New Japanese Arctic Climate Research Project Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences Period: 2011~2016 NIPR: the core Institute, JAMSTEC: supporting institute, All Japan research program with 35 universities and institutions. Strategic Research Targets - Understanding the mechanism of warming amplification in the Arctic - Understanding the Arctic system for global climate and future change - Evaluation of the effects of Arctic change on weather in Japan, marine ecosystems and fisheries - Prediction of sea Ice distribution and effects upon Arctic sea routes Associated new activity: Japan Consortium for Arctic Environmental Research (JCAR) A promoting body on Arctic environment research for short and long-term 14
15 Understanding mechanism of warming amplification in the Arctic Evaluation of effects of the Arctic change on weather in Japan, marine ecosystem and fishery GRENE- Arctic Climate Change Research Program Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences Improvement of coupled general circulation models based on validations of the Arctic climate reproducibility and on mechanism analyses of the Arctic climate change and variability The role of Arctic cryosphere in the global change Change in terrestrial ecosystem of pan-arctic and its effects on climate Studies on greenhouse gas cycles in the Arctic and their responses to climate change Atmospheric studies on Arctic change and its global impacts Ecosystem studies of the Arctic ocean declining Sea ice Projection of Arctic Sea ice responding to availability of Arctic sea route Sea ice prediction and construction of ice navigation support system for the Arctic sea route Understanding of Arctic climate system for global climate and future change Projection of sea Ice distribution Changes in the Arctic ocean and mechanisms on catastrophic responding to reduction of Arctic sea ice cover availability of Arctic Sea Coordinated observational and modeling studies on the routes basic structure and variability of the Arctic sea ice-ocean system 15
16 GRENE- Arctic Climate Change Research Program Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences Observation sites: Atmosphere Cryosphere Terrestrial LSSL (Canada) Araon (Korea) Moored observation system Mirai (JAMSTEC) Lorie (Canada) Moored observation system Oshoro (planed 2013, Hokkaido Univ.) 16
17 Research infrastructures in Svalbard, enhanced by the Arctic Climate Research Project - Cloud, aerosol, precipitation - Greenhouse gas monitoring - Black carbon sampling - Terrestrial ecosystem New instrument at Ny-Ålesund, and cooperation with satellite observations EarthCARE (JAXA/ESA) Cloud Particle Probe And imager Lidar/MPL i-skyradiometer All-Sky Camera NEW 95GHz Cloud Radar UPDATING SENSOR AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY EISCAT radar(esr) continuous run is proposed in Solar Max. Japan is a full SIOS-Preparatory Phase partner. Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System 17
18 Svalbard Mainland Japan-Norway collaboration on Space Science Now Ground- Based obs. +Optical +Meteor + FPI +Na Lidar + GPS net JP balloons Japanese Rocket Launching EISCAT Ålesund Ground- Based obs. EISCAT mainland Japan participation ICI? EISCAT 3D EISCAT Svalbard Twin Triple? (China) + Japanese Rocket Launching NIPR observatory at Ny Ålesund MF radar at Bear Is. + auroral optical at Longyearbyen Sun obs. Hinode Solar-C After Fujii and Moen (2012) Report from Japan Norway Symposium on Space Sciences in Polar Regions Hinode data center SIOS 18
19 Norway and Japan in Antarctica 1912 Kainan-maru of the Shirase Exp. met the Fram in Whales Bay, Ross Sea Riiser-Larsen discovered Dronning Maud Land. Troll Syowa 1957(IGY) First step to DML by JARE-1. Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in the Lützow-Holm Bay Japan is one of 12 signatory countries of the Antarctic Treaty A part of the1:250,000 topo map of Lützow- Holm Bukt 19 (Many Norwegian place names)
20 Norway and Japan in Antarctica Exchange scientists (JARE-21) Dr. Yoshihide Ohta (geologist, NP) (JARE-30) Dr. Yngvar Gjessing (glaciologist, Univ. Bergen) 2003 Japan-Norway-Germany Geological Expedition in cdml Dronning Maud Land is a key area for study of Gondwana supercontinent. Jacobs, 2008 (Univ. Bergen) Troll Syowa 20
21 Collaboration on logistics: DROMLAN DRONNING MAUD LAND AIR NETWORK Capetown 1400km 1100km Belgium Finland Germany Holland India Japan Norway Russia South Africa Sweden United Kingdom 1100km Troll runway First landing at Dome Fuji in
22 MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) between NPI and NIPR (NPI: Norwegian Polar Institute, NIPR: National Institute of Polar Research) [Purpose of MOU] Recognizing the need for strengthened research focus in Polar regions to understand the earth environment, Acknowledging the necessity of logistic and R&D collaboration in isolated environments, NPI and NIPR enhance their bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology on polar research and logistics. [Key activities] NPI and NIPR will cooperate on science and technology on polar regions in the field such as: Atmosphere science Glaciology Geology and geophysics Marine and terrestrial biology Oceanography Signed on 2 November 2012 Upper atmospheric physics Polar engineering and logistics Education and outreach Exchange of students and scientists 22
23 Polar Climate, Ecosystem and Atmospheric Research Opportunities for Norway-Japan Collaboration November 2, 2012 Future collaboration on polar research in the Arctic and the Antarctic Effective use of limited research resources: SIOS New facilities, new Japanese station in Svalbard: NIPR Ny-Ålesund Station etc. Space Science Collaborations EISCAT_3D, Rocket experiment (with JAXA) Collaborations using Troll (Nor) and Syowa (Jpn) stations: Geoscience, bio-science, upper atmospheric physics etc. Enhancement of capacity building: UNIS, NPI 23
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