Springshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum
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1 Springshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum Management Training Curriculum Draft Version 2 January 2016 The Springs Initiative 2016 The Springs Initiative
2 SESSION TITLE: Section Mapping SECTION: Understanding the Resource MODULE: III. Springshed Mapping AUTHORS: Dr Himanshu Kulkarni CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS: ACWADAM PURPOSE: To be able to understand geology through strikes & dips, sections, classifying GPS points on Google maps and contour mapping. IMPACT: Participants will be familiar with plotting geologic sections, adding geology through Google maps and interpreting strikes and dips of the geology to define recharge and discharge areas. TIME REQUIRED: 90 minutes MATERIALS: This ppt, tracing paper, graph paper, scale, protractor, printed maps, box model ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
3 Outline: How to take strike & dip Using strike and dip in the valley to valley approach Understanding drainage and geology through Google maps To plot a section through contour mapping Use sections to construct 3-D layout and geologic layouts Creating vertical profiles from transects Making 3D layouts & oblique views
4
5 The Watershed Watershed-Model Here is an example spring and springshed from the Himalayas Groundwater Model Spring
6 Springs : a valley to valley approach We explored the area to determine where recharge was occurring Spring outlet
7 Springs : a valley to valley approach Field surveys showed evidence of layers of rock sloping toward the spring outlet Spring outlet
8 Springs : a valley to valley approach We could reasonably assume that recharge was occurring in the valley above the spring where water would infiltrate and migrate down the rock beds to emerge as a spring Spring outlet Spring outlet
9 Springs : a valley to valley approach We could reasonably assume that recharge was occurring in the valley above the spring where water would infiltrate and migrate down the rock beds to emerge as a spring Spring outlet
10 Springs : a valley to valley approach Further surveys found another spring. But this one was near a large and obvious fault. Did the water come from the same place as the first spring? Spring 2 outlet Spring outlet
11 Springs : a valley to valley approach Rocks here was sloping in a different direction than at the first spring Spring 2 outlet Spring outlet
12 Springs : a valley to valley approach So we could assume that the recharge areas were thus: Spring 2 outlet Spring outlet
13 Springs : a valley to valley approach And when the surveys continued along the mountain, yet another recharge area was discovered
14 Springs : a valley to valley approach Must move beyond ridge to valley Recharge areas do not follow surface topography Must map the geology So how do we do that?
15 Trends : Strike and Dip Methods for mapping position and attitude of rocks, formations and structure
16 Trends : Strike and Dip Strike the compass direction of where the feature intersects a horizontal plane Dip the direction and degrees from the horizontal plane
17 Trends : Strike and Dip Strike the compass direction of where the feature intersects a horizontal plane Dip the direction and degrees from the horizontal plane
18 Symbols
19 Strike & Dip Rocks Bedding planes Fractures Joints Faults Foliation Dyke Folds 30 N
20 Perspective Horizontal rocks -rock type -contact elevation Inclined rocks -rock type -dip, strike -elevation Horizontal rocks in the field Inclined rocks in the field
21 Perspective Horizontal rocks -rock type -contact elevation Inclined rocks -rock type -dip, strike -elevation Horizontal rocks in the field Inclined rocks in the field
22
23
24 Strike
25
26
27 Dip
28
29
30
31
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33 Geological mapping -GPS -Hammer -Clinometer -Basemap (Hand drawn /toposheet/google earth image) Google earth Toposheet Drainage Analysis GPS (codes) -Geology (G1,2,3,4, ) -Fractures (F1,2,3,4..) -Spring/dhara (S1,2,3,.) -Naula (N1,2,3,..) Geological mapping -traverse along pre identified fracture zones from google image/toposheet -stream channels -road cuttings -along dip direction
34 Google earth base map
35 Tilt view in google earth The importance of a Conceptual layout over a geological map
36 A google image Drainage
37 GPS points on a google image
38 Classifying GPS points on a google image Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
39 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
40 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
41 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
42 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
43 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
44 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
45 Creating a geological map Quartzite Debris Fracture points Phyllite Spring
46 Tilt view in google earth The importance of a Conceptual layout over a geological map
47 Interpolating geology
48 Interpolating geology
49 Interpolating geology
50 Interpolating geology
51 Interpolating geology
52 A 3-D layout
53 A contour map
54 Contours and geology
55
56 Creating a section from the profile
57 11 10 Creating a section from the profile
58 11 10 Creating a section from the profile
59 11 10 Creating a section from the profile
60 A 3-D layout
61 A 3-D layout
62 A 3-D layout
63 A 3-D layout
64 A 3-D layout
65 A 3-D layout
66 A 3-D layout
67 A 3-D layout
68 A 3-D layout
69 Tilt view in google earth
70 Tilt view in google earth
71 Tilt view in google earth
72 A geological layout
73 Spring Cross-section Map
Springshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum
Springshed Springshed Management Training Curriculum Management Training Curriculum Draft Version 2 January 2016 The Springs Initiative 2016 The Springs Initiative SESSION TITLE: Mapping Springs in Crystalline
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