A P P E N D I X I A P P E N D I X GEODIVERSITY REVIEW

Transcription

1 XI A P P E N D I X GEODIVERSITY REVIEW

2 13July2018 To DuncanPeake From ScottLawson,AssociateHydrogeologist Subject ExploratoryWorksGeodiversity GroundFloor,Suite01,20ChandosStreet StLeonards,NSW,2065 POBox21 StLeonards,NSW,1590 T F Introduction Geodiversityreferstothenaturaldiversityofrocks,minerals,fossils,sedimentsandsoils,andtheprocessesthat haveshapedthesefeaturesovertime.thisliteraturereviewandpreliminaryassessmenthasbeenundertaken to: identifysignificantgeodiversityfeaturesofkosciuszkonationalpark(knp)withintheareaofexploratory Works,and identifyandevaluatetherisksthatexploratoryworksposetoidentifiedgeodiversityfeatures. TheassessmenthasbeeninformedbyandaimstomeettherequirementsoftheKosciuszkoNationalParkPlan ofmanagement(knppom)(decnsw2006).theassessmenthasinvolvedaliteraturereviewofrelevantand available documentation, as well as geographic information system analysis and a visual site inspection to confirmthelocationandconditionofgeodiversityfeaturesrelevanttoexploratoryworks.itisnotedthatinline withthemanagementobjectivesoftheknppom(section6.3.1oftheknppom),thesitelocationofassessed geodiversityfeatureshasnotbeenpublishedinthisreport. 2 OverviewofExploratoryWorks ExploratoryWorkscomprisesconstructionassociatedwithgeotechnicalexplorationfortheundergroundpower stationforsnowy2.0.theexploratoryworkselementsareshownonfigure2.1andinvolve: establishmentofanexploratorytunneltothesiteoftheundergroundpowerstationforsnowy2.0; horizontalandothertestdrilling,investigationsandanalysisinsituattheproposedcavernlocationand associatedareas,andaroundtheportalconstructionpad,accessroadsandexcavatedrockmanagement areasallwithinthedisturbancefootprint; establishmentofaportalconstructionpadfortheexploratorytunnel; establishmentofanaccommodationcampfortheexploratoryworksconstructionworkforce; roadworksandupgradesprovidingaccessandhaulageroutesduringexploratoryworks; GeodiversityReview Page1

3 LOBS HOLE SUBAQUEOUS ROCK EMPLACEMENT T UMUT RIVER BARGE ACCESS INFRASTRUCTURE MIDDLE BAY ROAD YA RRANGOB ILLYRIVER LOBS HOLE ROAD UPGRADE ACCOMMODATION CAMP km MILES FRANKLIN DRIVE BARGE ACCESS INFRASTRUCTURE m TUMUT RIVER TALBINGO RESERVOIR Source: EMM (2018); Snowy Hydro (2018); NearMap (2018); SMEC (2018); Robert Bird (2018); DFSI (2017); LPMA (2011) KEY Exploratory tunnel TALBINGO ACCESS Local road or track CAMP BRIDGE ON LAND ROCK MANAGEMENT SUE CITY ITRVER TUM U LOBS HOLE MINE TRAIL ROAD EXTENSION PORTAL CONSTRUCTION PAD WALLACES CREEK BRIDGE MINE TRAIL ROAD UPGRADE LOBS HOLE RAVINE ROAD MILK SHANTY LOWER LOBS HOLE RAVINE ROAD UPGRADE UPPER LOBS HOLE RAVINE ROAD UPGRADE GDA 1994 MGA Zone 55 km Exploratory Works elements \\Emmsvr1\emm\Jobs\2017\J Snowy Hydro 2.0\GIS\02_Maps\_EIS_EW\EISEW003_ExploratoryWorksElements_ _10.mxd 11/07/2018 Access road upgrade Access road extension Permanent bridge Portal construction pad and accommodation camp conceptual layout Communications cable Watercourse On land rock management Subaqueous rock emplacement area Disturbance footprint Avoidance footprint Snowy 2.0 Geodiversity Exploratory Works Figure 1

4 establishment of barge access infrastructure, to enable access and transport by barge on Talbingo reservoir; excavatedrockmanagement,includingsubaqueousplacementwithintalbingoreservoir; establishmentofservicesinfrastructuresuchasdieselgeneratedpower,waterandcommunications;and postconstructionrevegetationandrehabilitation,managementandmonitoring. 3 GeodiversityvaluesofKosciuszkoNationalPark 3.1 Literaturereview KosciuszkoNationalParkPlanofManagement Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) contains the highest mountains on the Australian continent, unique glacial landscapes,andunusualassemblagesofplantsandanimals,anumberofwhicharefoundnowhereelse.italso encompasses significant water catchments, the principal seasonally snowcovered region in Australia, and extensivetractsofforestandwoodlandinthemostdenselypopulatedcornerofthenation(decnsw2006). AnIndependentScientificCommittee(ISC)wasformedaspartofareviewprocessfortheKNPPoMwhichwas announcedin2001.theiscwastaskedwithprovidingindependentandobjectiveadviceonthevaluesofknp, whichwasultimatelydocumentedinareporttonswnationalparksandwildlifeservice(npws)(npws2004). Theinformationwasusedtoprovidekeyfindingsandrecommendationsthatshouldbeadoptedinarevised plan.therevisedplanwasfinalisedin2006. TheKNPPoMhasbeenpreparedundertheNSWNationalParksandWildlifeAct1974toprovideaframeworkof objectives,principlesandpoliciestoguidethelongtermmanagementofthebroadrangeofvaluescontainedin thepark.thisframeworkistranslatedintoasuiteofspecificactionstobeundertakenbythenpwsandother organisationsduringthelifeofthisplan. Theplancontainsasetofactionsconcerningthemanagementofthegeodiversity(nonlivingcomponents)and biodiversity(alllivingthings)ofthepark.actionsformanaginggeodiversityincludedevelopingageodiversity conservationstrategyaimedatprotectingallrocks,landformsandsoilsatriskofdisturbance.anumberofthese actionshavesincebeenimplemented,includingthepreparationandimplementationoftheknpgeodiversity ActionPlan (KGAP)whichcameintoeffectin2012(seeSection2.1.2). Management objectives in the KNP PoM relating to geodiversity have been developed for both Rocks and Landform and Karst categories.relevantobjectivesandtheiractionsarelistedintable1. GeodiversityReview Page3

5 Table1 KNPPoMmanagementobjectivesrelevanttoExploratoryWorks ManagementObjective RocksandLandform 6.3.1:Therocks,landformsandgeologicalprocessesofthe parkareprotectedand,wherenecessary,managedwithinthe boundsofacceptablelimitsofdisturbance :Rehabilitationandconstructionworksareundertakenin waysthatprotectsignificantrocks,landformsandgeological processes. Karst 6.4.1:Thequalityandquantityofairandwatermovement throughthesurfaceandsubterraneanenvironmentsofkarst areasaremaintainedwithintheboundsofnaturalvariability :Impactsassociatedwithvisitationtokarstareasand featuresaremanagedwithinacceptablelimitsofdisturbance. Policiesandactions 1.Providemaximumprotectiontorocks,landformsand geologicalprocessesthatareofnationalsignificanceand sensitivetodisturbancebycurrenthumanactivities.thiswill includeitemslistedinschedule1.suchplaceswillnotbe publicisedorpromotedunlessmanagementregimesareinplace toprotectthemfromlikelydamageassociatedwithincreased visitation. 1.Prohibitdevelopmentslikelytosignificantlyimpactonthe integrityofgeodiversityfeaturesofnationalsignificance. 2.Assesspotentialimpactsongeodiversityvaluesaspartofthe approvalprocessforproposeddevelopmentsoractivities, includingrestorationworks. 3.Undertaketherehabilitationofdisturbedsitesinaccordance withsection11.2(oftheknppom). 8.Minimisetheuseofearthmovingmachineryinkarst catchments. 9.Minimisesurfaceandgroundwaterpollutionwithinkarst catchments. 2.Minimiseadverseimpactsofroaddrainagestructuresand materialsusedforroadworksandcarparksinkarstareas KosciuszkoNationalParkgeodiversityactionplan The KGAP was prepared in response to the issues and conservation strategies for geological and geomorphologicalfeatures,asoutlinedintheknppom.thekgapwentintoeffectinjuly2012andoutlinesthe conditionandthreatstoconditionofkeylandforms,karstareas,rocks,minerals,fossilsandsoilswithinknp.the focusofthekgapistoguidetheofficeofenvironmentandheritage(oeh)onhowtobetterprotect,conserve and promote the key features in the park (OEH, 2012), and to identify a range of actions for protecting, conservingandpromotingthesefeaturestoparkvisitors KosciuszkoNationalParkgeodiversitymonitoringprogram TheKNPgeodiversitymonitoringprogram(KGMP)respondstotheactionsidentifiedintheKGAPandoutlines themethodsandtimeframesforthefeatureslisted. The basis for monitoring is to improve understanding of the condition and pressures, evaluate how well managementisundertakenagainstobjectivesandoutcomes,informplanninganddecisionmakingatalllevels ofmanagement,assistintheallocationoffundingandresourcesandsupporteffectivecommunicationofour managementperformance. Monitoringisprimarilyperformedthroughrapidconditionassessments,whichinvolveavisualassessmentof thefeaturetoidentifyindividualfeaturesandderiveageneralassessmentofconditionagainstpredetermined criteria (DEC NSW 2006). Other forms of monitoring are to be performed through photomonitoring, remote sensing,orfromvisitordataandtripreports. GeodiversityReview Page4

6 3.2 SitesorfeatureswithintheExploratoryWorksprojectarea Periglaciallandforms ThePleistoceneglaciallandformsinKNParetheonlyexamplesofthislandformonthemainlandofAustraliaand are of national and international significance (OEH 2012). Periglacial features of the park include terracing, solifluction lobes, sliding and shattered boulders and block streams (also known as scree slopes or boulder streams). Periglacial features are more extensive than glacial features in KNP, considered to be widespread across the KNP. Periglacial evidence can be found in most areas above 1,000 m and possibly as far down as600m. Blockstreams(orscreeslopes)arelistedunder RocksandLandforms inschedule1(significantnaturaland CulturalFeatures)oftheKNPPoM.Theyaredefinedasa river orfieldofrocksthathasmoveddownhillinmass andwhichwasheldtogetherbyice,andoccurinvariousareasofknp,includingtheexploratoryworksproject area,wheretheyoccuralongasectionoflobsholeravineroad.theblockstreamatthislocationisdatedto about20,000yearsago.rapidconditionassessmentsareassignedtotheravineblockstreameverythreeyears, inaccordancewiththekgap.thisistheonlyperiglacialfeatureintheprojectarealistedinthekgap Karstareas Karstformations,beinglandformsproducedbytheactionofnaturalwatersonsolublerocks(mostcommonly, limestoneanddolomite)occurinvariousareasofknp,andarewellknownandvisitedintheyarrangobillyarea. Eight karst areas are identified in the KNP PoM, recognised as areas of local, regional, state or national significance.eachoftheareashasdistinctivecharacteristicsintermsoftopographicsetting,broadvegetation type,degreeofkarstificationanddegreeofkarsthydrologicalintegration.threekarstareasareinthevicinityof ExploratoryWorks.Theyare: Cooleman Plain karst area, about 10 km north of Tantangara Reservoir and 25 km north east of the exploratorytunnel; Yarrangobillykarstarea(whichincludesYarrangobillyCaves),about6.5kmnorthoftheSnowy2.0main tunneland8.5kmnortheastoftheexploratorytunnel;and Ravine karst area, the area surrounding Lobs Hole Ravine Road about 1 km south of the exploratory tunnelportal. A groundwater assessment carried out for Exploratory Works considered Yarrangobilly Caves, a well visited geodiversitysitethatisalsoagroundwaterdependentecosystem.theassessmentconcludedthattherewould benoimpacttothecavesasaresultofexploratoryworks.theravinekarstareaistheonlykarstarearelevant toexploratoryworks. TherearenumerousoccurrencesoflimestoneatRavine,howeveritismostlythinlybedded,flaggyorimpure (DECNSW2006).ThisincludeslimestoneinthisareaofExploratoryWorks,whichoccursasacomponentofthe LickHoleFormation. ThekarstsignificanceofRavineappearstoresideentirelyinthemassivetufadeposits(seebelow)andcaves. TheKNPPoMsuggeststhatthetufadepositsandfossilsequenceatRavineareconsideredtohavenationalor regionalsignificance(decnsw2006),preservingrecordsofvegetationandclimatechange. GeodiversityReview Page5

7 RavineBasinDevoniansediments TheDevonianstratamaybeofgreaterinterestforitsfossils(whichincludecorals,trilobites,brachiopodsand molluscs; Geoscience Australia 2017) than for its karst features. Fossiliferous rock is evident in the Lick Hole FormationoutcropwithintheExploratoryWorksprojectarea.Theoutcroppingandpotentiallydisturbedareaof thisformationisinanareaadjacenttolobsholeravineroad.itisnotedthattheoutcropatthislocationis exposedmostlikelyasaresultofpreviousroadconstruction,andisinadisturbedcondition(seeappendix1). Tufadeposits TheKGAPstatesthattheRavinekarstarea(LobsHolearea)containsoneofthelargesttufadepositsinsouthern Australia (OEH 2012). Tufa is defined as a porous deposit of calcium carbonate, often with a spongy like appearance,deposited in solution from spring or surface water in karst areas. Most of the limestone/tufa at LobsHoleisthinlybedded,flaggyorimpure(DECNSW,2006)andkarstfeaturesarerarethoughanumberof smallcavesexist(decnsw2006). TheKGAPidentifiesthreetufadepositsintheExploratoryWorksprojectarea: Cave Gully Tufa deposit: in a small gully 1 km upstream of the Lobs Hole copper mine. The KGMP recommends rapid assessments be completed every three years with no photodocumentation required unlesssignificantimpactsareobserved. The Lick Hole Gully Tufa: two tufa deposits near the headwaters of Lickhole Gully that are visible from Ravine Road. Rapid assessments are completed every three years, to monitor for weed cover. This formationisalsooneoftwositesidentifiedas GeologicalSitesofSignificance bythegeologicalsocietyof Australia(NSWDivision)withinKNP. Atpresent,thereisnointerpretationsignageatRavine,whichidentifiesordiscussesthesignificanceofthese features. While the tufa deposits are within the Exploratory Works project area, they are not within the expecteddisturbancefootprint Geoheritagesite The Ravine Copper Mine (Lobs Hole Mine) is identified as a geoheritage site in the KGAP. Rapid condition assessmentsareprescribedbythemonitoringprogramforthemine,withactionsandattentiongiventothe creationofinformalaccesstracks,illegalcampfiresandtheremovalofminingheritage(egbricksandmining remnants).thegeoheritageassessmentoflobsholemineisaddressedseparatelybynswarchaeology(2018), andisnotconsideredfurtherinthisreport. 3.3 Siteinspection Geodiversity features located along Lobs Hole Ravine Road were inspected by Scott Lawson (Associate Hydrogeologist)on10May2018.Theinspectionfocusedonthosesitesandfeatureswithinoradjacenttothe Exploratory Works disturbance footprint only, with potential to be impacted by construction activities. These sitesaretheperiglacialblockstreamsalonglobsholeravineroad,andwhereanoutcropoftheravinekarst areaoccursalonglobsholeravineroad.photographsofthefeaturesareprovidedatappendix Blockstreams(boulderscree) Block stream, or boulder scree, sites are along Lower Lobs Hole Ravine Road, approximately 5 km from the intersectionwithlinkroad.thegeologyofthisareacomprisescainozoicagebasaltoverlyingdevonianagemilk ShantyFormation(conglomerate,sandstoneandsiltstone)andtheSilurianageTumutPondGroup(sandstone, quartzite,slateandphyllite). GeodiversityReview Page6

8 Theblockstreamwasobservedasmostlyangularrocksandsmallbouldersspreadandlayeredonthesteeply slopinggroundsurfaceinaboutsixlandslidescreezones.individualzonesvaryinsizebutaremostlyabout20to 40macross(perpendiculartotheslope),and100to200minlength(paralleltotheslope).Thebouldersare darkgrey,finegrainedandassumedtobecainozoicbasalt.individualbouldersareveryhardandstrong,and rangeinsizefromabout20to50cm. The block stream is well exposed from the surrounding dense vegetation (undergrowth with tall eucalypts). Mostofthestreamdoesnotsupportanyvegetationgrowthapartfromlichenontherocksurfaces.Inaddition, Lower Lobs Hole Ravine Road passes adjacent to / beneath the toe of some slopes, providing easy viewing upslope to the toe and higher levels of the scree. The road also cuts through one of the larger deposits, providingbothupslopeanddownslopeviews. Theupper,sourceareasoftheblockstreamswerenotvisitedduetoaccessandsafetyconstraints Ravinekarstarea(LickHoleFormation) OutcroppingstrataoftheDevonianageLickHoleFormation(GeoscienceAustralia2017)isalongLowerLobs HoleRavineRoad,approximately12kmfromtheintersectionwithLinkRoad. ThegeologicalformationwasformerlyknownastheLickHoleLimestone(GeologicalSurveyofNewSouthWales 1966).Itisexposedinahillsloperoadcuttingwhichrangesuptoabout2minheight.Additionallocalexposures werenotdetected(howeverexplorationwashamperedbydenseregrowthandblackberrybushes). Thestrataconsistsofgreyfriableshalewithahighdensityofcalcareous,roundednodules.Thenodulesarelight brownincolour,hardandbrittle,andslightlyelongatedwithdimensionstypicallyofabout2to3cmindiameter and4to10cminlength.someappeartodisplaytheremainsofbranchingstructure,andareassumedtobe corals.lessabundantshellfishfossilswerealsoobserved. TheAustralianStratigraphicUnitsDatabase(GeoscienceAustralia,2017)describestheLickHoleFormationasa fossiliferouswellbeddedmarinelimestonewithapronouncedrubblyappearancetospheroidalconcretionsto 10cm,andcalcareousshale;fossilsincludecorals,trilobites,brachiopodsandmolluscs.Thisisconsistentwith observationsmadeonsite(howevernotrilobiteswerenoted). KarstfeaturesappeartoberarewithintheDevonianstrataalongLobsHoleRavineRoad,andgiventhenature ofthestrataattheoutcroppinginspectionsite,whichismostlyshalewithnomassivelimestone,significantkarst featurescannotbeexpected.nokarstfeaturesorcaveswereidentifiedduringthesiteinspection. 4 PotentialimpactsofExploratoryWorks 4.1 Areasofdisturbance The main areas of disturbance associated with Exploratory Works that have potential to impact geodiversity featureswithintheknparealonglowerlobsholeravineroad.theworksalonglowerlobsholeravineroad areshownonfigure2andinclude: road upgrade to allow oneway access for construction traffic. Road works will include maintaining drainagelines,minorroadwideningtoprovide4mlanewidth,gravelpavementoverlay,installationof guidepostsandsnowpolesabovethesnowline;and geophysicalandgeotechnicalinvestigationwithintheexistingroadwidth.theworkswillinvolve: - seismicsurveyusingahammerandplateorblastingmethod;and - excavatingtestpitsanddrillingboreholes. GeodiversityReview Page7

9 4.2 Riskstogeodiversitysitesandfeatures Threatstogeodiversity The KGAP identifies the threats to geodiversity as human activities including clearing and cultivation of land, mining, poorly designed and located infrastructure, fossicking, waste disposal, urban development, climate changeandarangeofrecreationalpursuits.theseactivitiescanadverselyimpactgeodiversityleadingto: complete/partiallossofanelementofgeodiversity; physicaldamagetogeologicalfeaturesandattributes; interruptionstonaturallandformingprocesses; impededorlostaccesstosignificant/interestingsites; increase/decreaseinerosion;and pollutionofwaterbodies Blockstream(boulderscrees) Theproposedroadupgradesarenecessarytoensureroadstabilityandsafety.Theupgradeswillbedesignedto minimumrequirementsinordertominimiseearthworkswherepossible.themajorityoftheblockstreamhas predominantlybeenavoided.however,thereisaminorencroachmentontheblockstreaminonesectionof LowerLobsHoleRavineRoad,wheretheexistingroadhascutthroughtheblockstreambysome3.5m.The geodiversity element will remain intact, and works will not further interrupt or impede natural land forming processesoraccesstothesite.environmentalmanagementmeasureswillbeincorporatedtocontrolerosion andrunoffduringandafterconstructionatthesite Ravinekarstarea(LickHoleFormation) Karst features associated with the Devonian strata appear to be minimal and not of high significance at this location.theoutcropisinadisturbedconditionandcontinuestodegradeasaresultofitsexposure. Road improvement may require some removal of fossiliferous rock on the upslope side of the road, and construction works and associated increased heavy vehicle traffic may result in indirect vibration impacts. Furtherexpertopinioncouldbesoughtonthesignificanceofthefossilspresent,howeveritislikelythatremoval of fossiliferous rock will simply expose more fossiliferous rock. Removal and/or salvage may also provide an opportunityforexpertcataloguingofthefossilsuite. The additional tufa features identified in the Lobs Hole area (Cave Gully and Lick Hole tufa deposits) are in avoidanceareasoftheproject,andwillnotbedisturbedaspartofexploratoryworks Geoheritagesite With the exception of an adit, the Lobs Hole Mine is in the avoidance area of the project and will not be disturbed as part of Exploratory Works. Consideration of the heritage values of Lobs Hole Mine is addressed separatelybynswarchaeology(2018). GeodiversityReview Page8

10 CAMP BRIDGE WESTERN EMPLACEMENT AREA - TEMPORARY STORAGE EASTERN EMPLACEMENT AREA SHEEPSTATIO N CREEK # MINE TRAIL ROAD UPGRADE YARRANGOBILLY R IVER PORTAL CONSTRUCTION PAD MINE TRAIL ROAD EXTENSION WALLACES CREEK BRIDGE STABLE CREEK WALLACES CREEK CAVE GULLY O'HARES CREEK Source: EMM (2018); Snowy Hydro (2018); NearMap (2018); SMEC (2018); Robert Bird (2018); DFSI (2017); LPMA (2011) KEY Exp loratorytunnel Portalconstructionp ad concep tuallayout Accessroadup grade Accessroadextension Permanentbridge Communicationscable Watercourse # LobsHoleMine Onlandrockmanagement Karstareas BEEBYS GULLY LOWER LOBS HOLE RAVINE ROAD UPGRADE km GDA 1994 MGA Zone 55 Exp loratoryworks LowerLobsHole RavineRoad \\Emmsvr1\emm\Jobs\2017\J Snowy Hydro 2.0\GIS\02_Maps\_EIS_EW\TechReports\_GD\GD002_LowerLobs_ _03.mxd 11/07/2018 Snowy2.0 Geodiversity Exp loratoryworks Figure2

11 5 Outcomesandrecommendation ThegeodiversityfeaturesidentifiedarevaluablecomponentsofthenaturalcharacteroftheKNP,andimpactsto themwillbeabletobekepttominimallevels,subjecttoconstructionrequirements,environmentalcontrols (such as erosion and sediment controls), and options for further minimising disturbance through design refinement.wherepossible,thedesignoflobsholeravineroadandtherequireddisturbancefootprinthave beenreducedasmuchaspossibletominimiseimpactstogeodiversity. Theconstructionenvironmentalmanagementplan(CEMP)developedforExploratoryWorksistoconsiderthe management objectives and implementation actions identified in the KNP PoM and KGAP that have been discussedinthisreport.therocks,landformsandgeologicalprocessesaretobemanagedwithintheboundsof acceptablelimitsofdisturbance.recommendationsforconstructioninclude: installingrockprotectionmeasurestoprotectidentifiedperiglacialfeaturesandlimitdirectandindirect impactstothefeaturesasfaraspossible; cataloguingthefossiliferousrockifremovedduringupgradeoflowerlobsholeravineroad; minimisingsurfacewaterpollutionwithintheravinekarstcatchmentbyinstallingerosionandsediment controlstomanagewaterquantityandquality;and monitoringtheeffectivenessofenvironmentalcontrolsduringconstruction. MonitoringofgeodiversityfeaturesisrecommendedaspartoftheKGAP.However,theKGAPalsostatesthata reasonableportionofthepark sgeodiversityisofasufficientscale,levelofabundanceanddegreeofrobustness to not warrant its routine monitoring (Appendix 3 of KGAP). It is recommended that any additional ongoing monitoringrequiredforimpactedfeaturesbediscussedandimplementedasagreedwithnpws. 6 References Department of Environment and Conservation NSW, Plan of management. Kosciuszko National Park. June2006. GeologicalSurveyofNewSouthWales,1966.WaggaWaggaSheetsSI5515.Australian1:250,000Geological SheetSeriesSI5515. GeoscienceAustralia,2017.AustralianStratigraphicUnitsDatabase.LickHoleFormation. NSWNationalParksandWildlifeService(NPWS),2004.AnassessmentofthevaluesofKosciuszkoNationalPark. AreportpreparedbytheKosciuszkoIndependentScientificCommitteeforNPWS. OfficeofEnvironmentandHeritage(OEH),2011.KosciuszkoNationalParkPlanofManagement(2006) ImplementationReport.December2011. Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH), Managing Kosciuszko National Park for the Future. ImplementingthePlanofManagement,AnnualReport March2013. OEH,2011.KosciuszkoNationalParkGeodiversityActionPlan OEH,2012.KosciuszkoNationalParkGeodiversityMonitoringProgramAppendix2. GeodiversityReview Page10

12 Appendix1 Sitephotographs GeodiversityReview

13 RocksandLandform Photograph1 Largeareaofaboulderstream lookinguphill Photograph2 Screeboulders GeodiversityReview Page12

14 Photograph3 LowerLobsHoleRavineRoad cutintothelowerendoftheblockstream Photograph4 BoulderstreamterminatedbyLobsHoleRavineRoad GeodiversityReview Page13

15 RavineKarstoutcrop Photograph5 DevonianLickHoleFormationoutcropinaroadcuttingofLobsHoleRavineRd. Photograph6 StratificationoftheLickHoleFormation GeodiversityReview Page14

16 Photograph7 InsitucalcareousfossilsoftheLickHoleFormation(note:fossilsareabout2to3cmin diameterand4to10cminlength,anarepresumedtobecorals) Photograph8 LoosecalcareousfossilsoftheLickHoleFormation GeodiversityReview Page15

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