Submitted to. Trinison Management Corp Dufferin Street, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 5P5 Telephone - 416/ Facsimile - 416/

Transcription

1 License Report on the 2007 Stage -3 Archaeological Assessment of the Shieldbay Developments Inc. Property, Part of Lot, Concession NDS, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, Town of Oakville, Halton Regional Municipality, Ontario Submitted to Trinison Management Corp Dufferin Street, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 5P5 Telephone - 46/ Facsimile - 46/ and The Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Prepared by D.R. Poulton & Associates Inc. 69 Langarth Street West, London, Ontario, N6J P5 Office Facsimile - 59/ dpoulton@rogers.com Corporate Project #05-54 PIF #P March 2009, revised June 3, 203

2 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Personnel Acknowledgments Executive Summary v v vi.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION STAGE : BACKGROUND RESEARCH 4 3. Methods Results STAGE 2: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4. Methods 4.2 Results STAGE 2 SITE DESCRIPTIONS THE SHIELDBAY SITE (AiGw-522) 6 6. Location and Description Artifact Analysis Interpretations THE SHIELDBAY 2 SITE (AiGw-523) 7 7. Location and Description Artifact Analysis Interpretations 20

3 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page iii 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES CITED 24 List of Tables Table Cultural Chronology of South-Central Ontario 5 Table 2 Registered Archaeological Sites in the Study Area 7 Table 3 Summary Data on Registered Archaeological Sites in the Study Area 8 Table 4 Summary Data on Archaeological Sites in the Shieldbay Property 2 Table 5 Frequency of Cultural Remains from the Site 8 Table 6 Summary Data on Utilized Flakes from the Site 9 List of Figures Figure Location of the Shieldbay Property 2 Figure 2 Facsimile of the 877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Trafalgar Township 22 Figure 3 Archaeological Survey Coverage and Site Locations 23 Figure 4 Stage 3 Controlled Collection of the Site 24 List of Plates Plate Field (North Field) of the Shieldbay Property, View East 26 Plate 2 Field 2 (Middle Field) of the Shieldbay Property, View East 26 Plate 3 Field 3 with the Site in the Background, View North 26 Plate 4 Field 6 of the Shieldbay Property, View Northeast 26

4 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page iv List of Plates (continued) Plate 5 Field 7 of the Shieldbay Property, View North 26 Plate 6 Field 8 of the Shieldbay Property, View North-Northeast 26 Plate 7 Select Artifacts from the 2007 Survey of the Shieldbay Property 27 APPENDIX 2007 Artifact Catalogue for Sites in the Shieldbay Property

5 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page v Project Personnel Project Manager Report Preparation Field Director Field Assistants Dana R. Poulton Dana R. Poulton James T. Sherratt Lorelyn Giese Sherri Pearce Chris Neill Ariella Rea-Cunningham Miranda Brunton Nadia Densmore Katherine Cook Krystal Cameron Photography Draughting Artifact Analysis Chris Neill Lorelyn Giese Christine F. Dodd James T. Sherratt Acknowledgments This assessment was facilitated by the following individuals and their agencies: Michael Telawski, Development Manager, Trinison Management Corporation; Melissa Salviato, Development Coordinator, Trinison Management Corporation; and Robert von Bitter, Archaeological Data Coordinator, Heritage and Libraries Branch, Heritage Operations Unit, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport.

6 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report details the rationale, methods and results of the archaeological assessment of the Shieldbay Developments Incorporated property, Town of Oakville. The property is identified as part of Lot, Concession NDS, Geographic Township of Trafalgar in Halton County. Figure shows the location of the proposed development. The assessment of the property was undertaken by (DPA) and was carried out on behalf of Trinison Management Corporation. The purpose of the archaeological assessment was to obtain information on known and potential archaeological resources within the property. More specifically, the assessment was intended to identify the presence or absence of archaeological resources that could represent possible constraints for the future residential development of the property. The archaeological assessment involved three sequential stages as defined in the technical guidelines formulated by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Recreation (now Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport) (MCTR 993). The first consisted of Stage background research. The second consisted of a partial Stage 2 survey of the property. The third consisted of a Stage 3 controlled surface collection of one of the pre-contact First Nations sites that was discovered during the course of the survey. As detailed in Section 3.0 of this report, the Stage background study determined that no archaeological sites had been documented within the Shieldbay property prior to the present assessment. In consequence, possible archaeological planning concerns for the proposed development were limited to the potential for as-yet undiscovered sites. The subsequent 2007 survey was limited to the arable portions of the property. It covered lands with a surface area of 34.3 hectares, representing 72% of the total 45-hectare surface area of the property. The partial survey documented the presence of archaeological sites. As stated above, the lands surveyed to date were limited to arable portions of the property. There are a number of discrete areas of uncultivated land within the property that were not included in the 2007 survey. The most extensive is a woodlot in the northeast corner of the property. It is designated Natural Heritage System lands. Those lands are likely poorly-drained, but a visual examination would be necessary to determine if they contain any discrete areas that have a potential for archaeological remains and would warrant archaeological survey. Other non-arable lands are located along the northwest edge of the property and in the southern third of the property. The latter include a relatively large area in the south-central portion of the property that almost certainly includes the site of a 9 th century Euro-Canadian farmstead (see Section 3.2). Further to the above, the uncultivated portions of the Shieldbay property that will be subject to impact from the future residential development of the property are scheduled to be covered by a systematic shovel test pit survey in A visual examination of the Natural Heritage System lands will be conducted at the same time. If it should determine that any discrete areas in the Natural Heritage System have a potential for archaeological remains, Trinison Management Corp. will have two options to consider. One option would be to conduct an archaeological

7 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page vii survey of those lands. The other option would be to ensure the ongoing protection of the Natural Heritage System lands through zoning or a restrictive covenant. In any event, a supplemental report will be prepared following the completion of the 2009 Stage 2 survey of the Shieldbay property and the Stage 3 assessment of the sites that have been identified as significant archaeological resources and planning concerns. Nine of the confirmed sites consist of isolated First Nations findspots, all but one of which are of unknown age and cultural affiliation. The exception is a of a projectile point tentatively attributed to the Late Archaic Genesee type. Given their isolated nature and the fact that all but one of the specimens are undiagnostic, none of these nine sites is considered to represent a significant archaeological resource or planning concern. The remaining two sites are First Nations lithic scatters of unknown age and cultural affiliation. The Shieldbay is a single small lithic scatter. The is more substantial and consists of two well-defined lithic scatters separated by a relic stream course. Based on the available evidence, the Shieldbay and 2 sites are both considered to represent potentially significant archaeological resources and planning concerns. It is recommended that a more detailed Stage 3 assessment be carried out at the Shieldbay and 2 sites. Further to the above, it is recommended that the Ministry issue a letter accepting the present report into the Provincial archaeological report registry. It is also recommended that the letter include a statement that the Ministry concurs with the recommendations presented in this report.

8 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page.0 INTRODUCTION This report details the results of the archaeological assessment of the proposed development of the Shieldbay Developments Incorporated property, Town of Oakville, Ontario. The assessment is being conducted by D.R. Poulton & Associates Inc. (DPA). It is being carried out on behalf of Trinison Management Corp. Figure shows the location of the proposed development. The archaeological assessment involved three sequential stages as defined in the technical guidelines formulated by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Recreation (now Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport) (MCTR 993). The first consisted of Stage background research. The second consisted of a partial Stage 2 survey of the property. The third consisted of a Stage 3 controlled surface collection of one of the pre-contact First Nations sites that was discovered during the course of the survey. As detailed in Section 3.0 of this report, the Stage background study determined that no archaeological sites had been documented within the Shieldbay property prior to the present assessment. In consequence, possible archaeological planning concerns for the proposed development were limited to the potential for as-yet undiscovered sites. The subsequent 2007 survey was limited to the arable portions of the property. The partial survey documented the presence of archaeological sites. Two of those sites have been determined to represent potentially significant archaeological resources and planning concerns. As stated above, the lands surveyed to date were limited to arable portions of the property. There are a number of discrete areas of non-arable land within the property that were not included in the 2007 survey. The most extensive is a woodlot in the northeast corner of the property. It is designated Natural Heritage System lands. Those lands are likely poorly-drained, but a visual examination would be necessary to determine if they contain any discrete areas that have a potential for archaeological remains and would warrant archaeological survey. Other discrete areas of non-arable lands that remain to be surveyed are located along the northwest edge of the property and in the southern third of the property. The latter include an area in the south-central portion of the property that almost certainly includes the site of a 9 th century Euro-Canadian farmstead (see Section 3.2). Further to the above, the uncultivated portions of the Shieldbay property that will be subject to impact from the future residential development of the property are scheduled to be covered by a systematic shovel test pit survey in A visual examination of the Natural Heritage System lands will be conducted at the same time. If it should determine that any discrete areas in the Natural Heritage System have a potential for archaeological remains, Trinison Management Corp. will have two options to consider. One option would be to conduct an archaeological survey of those lands. The other option would be to ensure the ongoing protection of the Natural Heritage System lands through zoning or a restrictive covenant. The Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport designated the Shieldbay assessment as PIF # The assessment was conducted under Archaeological Consulting Licence P6, issued by the Province of Ontario to Dana R. Poulton of D. R. Poulton & Associates. It was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Heritage Act (Government of Ontario 990) and with the technical guidelines for archaeological assessment formulated by the

9 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 2 Ontario Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation (now Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport) (MCTR 993). Permission for access to the property for purposes of the survey and to remove and curate artifacts was granted by the landowner. The artifacts and records pertaining to this project are currently housed in the corporate offices of D.R. Poulton & Associates Inc. If the opportunity permits, however, they will be transferred to a suitable long-term repository. The present report is being submitted to fulfill the requirements of Archaeological Consulting Licence P6, under which the 2007 fieldwork was conducted. In due course, a supplementary report will be prepared. It will document the outcome of the 2009 Stage 2 survey of the nonarable portions of the property and the Stage 3 assessment of the sites that have been identified as potentially significant archaeological resources and planning concerns.

10 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The proposed Shieldbay Developments Inc. development is located in the northwest portion of the Town of Oakville (Figure ). The property consists of the south half of Lot, Concession NDS, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, Halton Regional Municipality, Ontario. It has a total surface area of 45.0 hectares. The vast majority of the subject lands consists of eight connected agricultural fields. The main exception is a woodlot in the northeast corner of the property. A narrower band of wooded lands also extends along the northwest edge of the property. These wooded lands both abut the adjacent Tribaden property to the north. Small ponds and associated wetlands and minor stream courses are located in the southern portion of the property. Figure 3 illustrates existing conditions within the subject property as well as the extent of the 2007 archaeological survey coverage. The majority of the property is arable; the arable lands have a combined surface area of 34.3 hectares and represent 76% of the total surface area of the property. The balance of the property consists of non-arable lands. The latter include low and wet stream courses or swales in the south-central portion of the property with a surface area of 0.5 hectares, a 0.2 hectare pond in the southeast portion of the property, and forested or other non-arable lands with a combined surface area of 0.0 hectares. Part of the latter consists of Natural Heritage System lands in the northeast part of the property. The Shieldbay Developments Inc. property is located in the South Slope Physiographic Region. The South Slope is situated between Lake Ontario and the Oak Ridges Moraine. The region between Lake Ontario and the Oak Ridges is divided into three regions: Trafalgar Moraine, Peel Plain and the South Slope. The South Slope is the southern slope of the Oak Ridges Moraine and as a result rises in elevation to 250 to 300 metres a.s.l. at the line of contact with the Oak Ridges (Chapman and Putnam 984: 72). The southern portion of the Shieldbay property is transected by a contour line with an elevation of 70 metres a.s.l. In addition to the physiographic regions, it is also instructive to describe the subject lands in relation to major and minor waterways. The lands involved in the proposed development are level to gently rolling. The immediate area of the property is drained by East Morrison Creek, which is situated to the west of the subject lands and Joshua s Creek. The latter is located east of the property.

11 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page STAGE : BACKGROUND RESEARCH 3. Methods The initial element of an archaeological assessment of a proposed development undertaking consists of background research. This is defined as a Stage level of assessment in the archaeological guidelines formulated by the Province of Ontario (MCTR 993). Background research is carried out in order to: amass all of the readily available information on previous archaeological surveys in the area; determine the location of any registered and unregistered sites within and adjacent to the property; identify areas of archaeological potential which represent concerns for Stage 2 field survey; and develop an historical framework for assigning levels of potential significance to any new sites discovered during fieldwork. The framework for assigning levels of potential archaeological significance is drawn from provincial environmental assessment guidelines (Weiler 980). The information includes the identification and evaluation of any feature that has one or more of the following attributes:... it has the potential through archaeological exploration, survey or fieldwork to provide answers to substantive questions (i.e. relate to particular times and places) about events and processes that occurred in the past and therefore add to our knowledge and appreciation of history; it has the potential through archaeological exploration, survey and fieldwork to contribute to testing the validity of general anthropological principles, cultural change and ecological adaptation, and therefore to the understanding and appreciation of our man-made heritage; or it is probable that various technical, methodological, and theoretical advances are likely to occur during archaeological investigation of a feature, alone or in association with other features, and therefore contribute to the development of better scientific means of understanding and appreciating our man-made heritage (Weiler 980:8). For purposes of context, the Stage background study examined data for a one-kilometre study area surrounding the proposed development. Two collective sources were examined in Stage. One was the Archaeological Sites Database of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. It houses site record forms for registered sites as well as published and unpublished reports on past surveys, assessments and excavations.

12 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 5 The second collective source for the Stage research was the library/archives of D.R. Poulton & Associates Inc. It includes an extensive inventory of published and unpublished reports, as well as inventories of both registered and unregistered archaeological sites in the area. 3.2 Results The background research obtained information of relevance to the potential for historic and prehistoric sites within the proposed development. For reference purposes, a cultural chronology of the region is presented in Table. Table Cultural Chronology for South-Central Ontario PERIOD GROUP TIME RANGE COMMENT PALEO-INDIAN Fluted Point B.C. Big game hunters; small nomadic Hi-Lo B.C. groups ARCHAIC Early Nettling B.C. Bifurcate Based B.C. Nomadic hunters and gatherers. Middle Laurentian B.C. Transition to territorial settlements. Lamoka B.C. Polished/ground stone tools Late Broad Point B.C. Crawford Knoll B.C. Glacial Kame ca. 000 B.C. Burial ceremonialism WOODLAND Early Meadowood B.C. Red Ochre B.C. Introduction of pottery Middle Point Peninsula 300 B.C A.D. Long distance trade networks. Princess Point A.D. Incipient horticulture Pickering Transition to village life and A.D. agriculture Late Uren A.D. Large village sites Middleport A.D. Widespread stylistic horizon Huron A.D. Tribal differentiation and warfare HISTORIC Early Odawa, Ojibwa, Mississauga A.D. Social displacement Late Euro-Canadian 800 A.D. - present European settlement The results of the Stage study may be divided into three separate but related categories: information on past archaeological investigations and known sites within and adjacent to the proposed development; information on the history of land use in the area; and data on the

13 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 6 potential for as-yet undiscovered archaeological sites within the proposed development lands. These will be considered in turn. Past Archaeological Investigations and Known Sites The background research confirmed that no archaeological sites had been registered within the subject property prior to this assessment. The Stage background study did indicate that several archaeological studies have been conducted within the study area surrounding the Shieldbay Developments Inc. development. None affected any archaeological survey coverage of the lands involved in the present study. However, the past projects do provide some archaeological context for the proposed undertaking. The Stage background study determined that 29 archaeological sites have been registered within a one-kilometre radius of the proposed development. Summary data on the individual sites in the inventory are presented in Table 2. Two of the sites include two discrete cultural occupations. Accordingly, the inventory is represented by 3 discrete cultural components. Summary data on the registered archaeological inventory of the study area are presented in Table 3. As indicated, the inventory demonstrates that the study area containing the proposed Shieldbay development has been occupied at least intermittently for almost 9,000 years. Fourteen of the sites consist of prehistoric components of unknown age and cultural affiliation: they comprise ten findspots and four prehistoric lithic scatters or camps. The remaining prehistoric sites have produced artifacts diagnostic of particular cultures or time periods. The earliest prehistoric occupation is represented by nine sites that date to the Archaic Period. They pertain to nomadic pre-agricultural peoples who utilized a wide range of cultural resources (Ellis, Kenyon and Spence 990:65). The nine sites consist of eight isolated findspots and a single lithic scatter or camp. Two findspots date to the Early Archaic Bifurcate Base period, ca B.C. The Middle Archaic is represented by the largest number of isolated finds (n=4), while the Late Archaic is also represented by two isolated finds. Only the lithic scatter could not be assigned to a particular time frame during the Archaic period, since it lacked diagnostic artifacts that could be more precisely dated. Four of the sites in the study area date to the Woodland period, which is marked in Ontario by the use of ceramics. All of these sites are isolated finds. The inventory includes two finds dating to the Middle Woodland, one from the Early Woodland period, and a single Late Woodland component. The four remaining sites in the archaeological inventory of the study area all date to the Euro- Canadian settlement of the region. They consist of three homesteads and a refuse scatter. Two of these later occupations also contain minor amount of prehistoric chipped lithics; they have been included with the listing of sites identified as indeterminate prehistoric.

14 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 7 Table 2 Registered Archaeological Sites in the Study Area Site Name Borden # Site Type Artifact Cultural Affiliation AiGw-80 Findspot scraper Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Landing AiGw-427 Campsite Archaic AiGw-43 Findspot point Middle Woodland, Snyder type point AiGw-432 Findspot point Late Archaic, Crawford Knoll AiGw-433 Findspot point Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations AiGw-434 Findspot point, flake Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Phoenix AjGw-305 Homestead mid to late 9 th century Euro-Canadian Abigail Uptown Core Land 2 AjGw-426 Findspot point Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations AjGw-428 Findspot AiGw-8 Findspot AiGw-82 scatter AiGw-227 AiGw-228 Homestead, flakes Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations 9 th century Euro-Canadian Findspot point Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Refuse Scatter 9 th century Euro-Canadian scatter flakes Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Pen Equity 2 AiGw-235 Findspot point Middle Archaic, Brewerton Point Pen Equity 3 AiGw-236 scatter flakes Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Pen Equity 4 AiGw-237 Findspot point Middle Woodland, Saugeen Point Pen Equity 6 AiGw-239 scatter flakes Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Pen Equity 8 AiGw-240 Findspot point Early Woodland, Meadowood Pen Equity 9 AiGw-24 Findspot point Late Archaic, Genesee Point Pen Equity 0 AiGw-242 Findspot point Middle Archaic, Brewerton Point Pen Equity AiGw-243 Findspot point Early Archaic, Bifurcate Base Point Macoakville AiGw-26 Findspot point Late Woodland, Dewaele Iroquois Ridge AiGw-334 Findspot flakes Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Iroquois Ridge 2 AiGw-335 Findspot point Middle Archaic, Brewerton Point Iroquois Ridge 3 AiGw-336 Findspot point Middle Archaic, Brewerton Point Iroquois Ridge 4 AiGw-337 Findspot point Early Archaic, Bifurcate Base Point The Lane Site AiGw-376 Homestead Early to mid 9 th century Euro-Canadian AiGw-43 Findspot Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations AiGw-46 Findspot Indeterminate Pre-contact First Nations Four of the isolated finds produced projectile points of an indeterminate age. Another three of the isolated finds are undiagnostic formal tools (two s and one scraper). The remaining isolated finds include a small amount of chipping detritus and two locations where the recovered artifact was not identified. None of the lithic scatters were associated with diagnostic artifacts although one projectile point and one also had a minor amount of associated chipping detritus.

15 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 8 The earliest prehistoric periods of occupation relate to material dated to the Archaic Period. Two of the sites have been identified as Early Archaic. Both are isolated finds of bifurcate base projectile points. Another four sites have been dated to the Middle Archaic period. All are isolated finds of Brewerton projectile points. The Late Archaic is also represented by two isolated finds. One is identified as a Crawford Knoll projectile point while the other isolated find is a Genesee projectile point. Bifurcate base points are generally associated with the Bifurcate Horizon and date between 8900 and 8000 B. P. (Ellis, Kenyon and Spence 990:72). Brewerton corner notched points have a long history but are most common between 2500 and 3500 B.C (KEWA 8-8). Genesee points are indicative of the Broad Point Tradition and generally date between 900 and 400 B.C. in Ontario (KEWA 8-7). Crawford Knoll projectile points date to the later half of the Late Archaic Period and are indicative a time range of ca. 500 to 500 B. C. (KEWA 80-3). The four Woodland period sites are all identified by isolated finds of a single projectile point each. The Early Woodland is represented by a Meadowood point. The Middle Woodland period is identified by a Saugeen point and a Snyder point. Finally, the Late Woodland period is represented by a Dewaele projectile point. Table 3 Summary Data on Registered Archaeological Sites in the Study Area Age & Culture Site Type Total ARCHAIC WOODLAND PREHISTORIC EURO-CANADIAN Early Bifurcate Base Findspot 2 Middle Brewerton Findspot 4 Late Genesee Findspot Crawford Knoll Findspot Indeterminate scatter Subtotal Archaic Period 9 Early Findspot Middle Findspot 2 Late / Iroquoian Dewaele Findspot Subtotal Woodland Period 4 Indeterminate Findspot 0 scatter 4 Subtotal - Indeterminate Prehistoric Period 4 9 th Century Homestead 3 Refuse scatter Subtotal - Euro-Canadian Period 4 Total 3 Meadowood points are finely made and readily recognized s that identify the Early Woodland Period in Southwestern Ontario and are widely distributed throughout the region (KEWA 80-5). Snyder projectile points will occur during the first half of the Middle Woodland period in Ontario and are associated with the early to mid Hopewell period. Commonly found on Illinois sites between 200 B.C. and 50 A.D., they are indicative of the extensive trade

16 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 9 networks established by First Nations cultures during this time period (Murphy 988). Saugeen projectile points are indicative of the Saugeen cultural horizon of the Middle Woodland Period and are common in the Lake Huron drainage system from circa 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. (KEWA 79-9); the presence of one in the Halton region is somewhat unusual. The final projectile point is of the Dewaele type; it pertains to what has been called the Early Iroquoian Glen Meyer Branch of the Late Woodland Period. This uncommon point type occurs on sites dating from 850 to 250 A.D. (KEWA 82-2). The remaining sites identified in the -km study area are represented by larger concentrations of artifacts. One is a campsite that has been dated to the Archaic Period. The other four lithic scatters could not be assigned to a particular time frame and are merely identified as indeterminate prehistoric. The last four sites all date to the period of Euro-Canadian settlement in the area. Three have been identified as homesteads while the fourth site is a more ephemeral refuse scatter. The Euro-Canadian homesteads reflect the ongoing period of settlement and land use during the early to late 9 th century. History of Land Use in the Vicinity of the Subject Property Figure 2 illustrates the location of the property relative to the map of Trafalgar Township in the 877 Historic Atlas (Walker and Miles 877). Reference to the map indicates that agricultural settlement in the area was complete by the third quarter of the 9 th century and that as of 877 the subject property was owned by George Ryan. A structure with an associated orchard is depicted as being located in what is now the south-central portion of the Shieldbay property; it is clearly oriented to Dundas Street West. This depiction of a structure with an associated orchard is the Historic Atlas convention for a farmstead. Dundas Street itself is a very early settlement road. It was surveyed by Augustus Jones and was constructed in the 790s by the Queens Rangers at the direction of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe. The closest named community in the late 9 th century is Trafalgar. It is located directly west of the subject property, at the intersection of Dundas Street and Trafalgar Road. The Historic Atlas indicates considerable habitation concentrated along the west side of Trafalgar Road at this intersection. The community was also known as Postville, since this was the first post office established in Trafalgar Township. Opened in 820, the Historical Atlas indicates that this was the only post office between the communities of Toronto and Dundas in the 820s. Archaeological Potential of Subject Property The potential for prehistoric and historic archaeological resources within a proposed development is generally evaluated on the basis of both known sites in proximity to the property and the intrinsic nature of the property itself, including factors such as topography and drainage. Yet another factor is the extent to which past impacts may have decreased or altogether eradicated the extant potential of a property to contain archaeological remains. In the case of the Shieldbay property, however, that is not a factor. The known prehistoric archaeological sites identified within the study area indicate that the vicinity of the property was used at least on an intermittent basis as part of the hunting and

17 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 0 gathering territories of a succession of prehistoric peoples over a period of some 9,000 years. Given this and the large number of sites found within the study area, the lands contained within the subject property are considered to have at the very least a moderate potential for prehistoric archaeological resources. The past investigations further demonstrated that the area contains an unusual concentration of small prehistoric camps and isolated findspots, and that it has a potential for many more such sites. That in turn suggested that the proposed development had a potential for other as-yet undiscovered sites, especially smaller camps and isolated finds. The presence of and potential for sites of this type presumably derives from the fact that the area mainly consists of welldrained tablelands suitable for habitation, and that it contains tributaries of East Morrison Creek and Joshua s Creek, which would have provided reliable sources of drinking water. The potential for 9 th century Euro-Canadian historic archaeological planning concerns may be defined with reference to documented features in the 9 th century landscape. As summarized above, and illustrated in Figures and 2, the south edge of the subject property fronts on Dundas Street West; it is the oldest road in this area, and many early Euro-Canadian sites were oriented to it. Historic research summarized above further demonstrates that the land that forms the Shieldbay property contained the farmstead of George Ryan in the third quarter of the 9 th century. Based on comparisons between Figure 2 and 3, the site of the Ryan farmstead is almost certainly located in the south-central portion of the Shieldbay property, in an uncultivated area that has not yet been surveyed. In any event, the available data indicate that the subject property has a high potential for extant historic Euro-Canadian archaeological resources.

18 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 4.0 STAGE 2: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4. Methods Following the 993 technical guidelines for archaeological assessment, two survey methods were used in the Stage 2 assessment of the subject property. They involved a pedestrian transect survey of all lands under cultivation and a shovel test pit survey of woodlots or areas of scrubland that could not be ploughed. Figure 3 illustrates the survey coverage and the results. The pedestrian transect survey of the ploughed portions of the subject property was conducted on July and 2, 2007 under the direction of Chris Neill with a crew of five. The weather on that date was sunny and mild and lighting conditions were good. The lands had been ploughed the previous month (June 6-7, 2007) and were well weathered. The pedestrian transect survey was conducted by systematic surface examination at an interval of five metres. When an artifact was found, the location was marked with a survey flag and an intensive surface examination was then conducted at a one-metre interval in order to better define the nature and extent of the occurrence. The intensive surface examination was carried out for a distance of 20 metres beyond the original discovery or, in the case of multiple finds, beyond the outermost find. The majority of the property could be surface surveyed. This amounts to 34.3 hectares. As the entire property has a surface area of 45.0 hectares, the lands covered by surface examination represent 76% of the total surface area of the property. Conditions for the observation of cultural remains within the fields covered by surface examination varied from good to excellent. The weather on July, 2007 was hot and breezy (30 degrees C) but sunny with a few clouds. July 2, 2007 was slightly cooler (27 degrees C) but was also sunny with light clouds. The favourable weather conditions and the process of the Stage field survey is illustrated in Plates to 6. Plate is a view east of Field (also identified as the North Field), a large cultivated field that occupies the width of the northern extent of the property. Plate 2 is a view east of Field 2 (also identified as the Middle Field), a large field that spans the north-central portion of the subject property. Both Field and Field 2 are normally cultivated for a grain crop. In 2007 they were planted in corn. The remaining portions of the Shieldbay property consisted of a series of smaller pasture fields that required ploughing and weathering before they could be surveyed. Plate 3 is a view north of Field 3 (also identified as the North West Quarter). The flagged artifact locations visible in the distance in this view are the site (AiGw-523). Plate 4 is a view northeast of Field 6 (also identified as the southern portion of the North East Quarter), with several members of the field crew proceeding with the Stage 2 survey. This field also contains a substantial pond and smaller areas of low and wet topography, although they are not visible in this photograph. Plate 5 is a view north of Field 7 (also identified as the South South-West portion of the South Field). Areas that still require assessment are visible on the right side in the distance in this photograph. Plate 6 is a view north by northeast of Field 8 (also identified as the South South-East portion of the South Field). An area of uncultivated land is shown in the centre of the photograph; it is a relic stream course.

19 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page Results The archaeological survey of the Shieldbay property resulted in the discovery of previously unknown archaeological sites. Summary data are presented in Table 4. The inventory includes two lithic scatters and nine isolated finds. Only one of the sites could be assigned to a specific time period. Site consists of a mid section of a large projectile point, possibly of the Genesee type. Projectile points of that type are characteristic of the Broad Point Horizon of the Late Archaic period. Select artifacts are illustrated in Plate 7. The isolated findspots are described in Section 5.0. The lithic scatters are described in Sections 6.0 and 7.0. Table 4 Summary Data on Archaeological Sites in the Shieldbay Property Site Location Site Type Artifact Type Shieldbay (AGw-522) (AiGw-523) Field 4 Scatter Flakes Field 3 Scatter Cores, Flakes Shieldbay 3 Field 4 Findspot Flake Shieldbay 4 Field 5 Findspot Flake Shieldbay 5 Field 5 Findspot Flake Shieldbay 6 Field 5 Findspot Flake Shieldbay 7 Field 2 Findspot Flake Shieldbay 8 Field 2 Findspot Core Fragment Shieldbay 9 Field 2 Findspot Biface Shieldbay 0 Field Findspot Flake Shieldbay Field Findspot Point (partial) Cultural Affiliation Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Indeterminate First Nations Late Archaic Genesee Point Significance Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No

20 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page STAGE 2 SITE DESCRIPTIONS The nine isolated findspots are described in this section of the report. Given their isolated nature and the fact that all of the specimens but one are undiagnostic, none of these nine sites is considered to represent a significant archaeological resource or a planning concern. Shieldbay 3 Shieldbay 3 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 4 of the Shieldbay property. The site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. As shown in Figure 3, the find is located 0 metres north of a line of mature trees that defines the southern limits of the field and close to the western edge of the field. Specifically, the site is located 40 metres north of Dundas Street and 604 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of a single artifact. It is a piece of chipping detritus identified as a tertiary flake of chert. This small flake has a length of 9.3 mm, a width of.9 mm and a thickness of 4.3 mm. Shieldbay 4 Shieldbay 4 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 5 of the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the northeast corner of a small field. There are two other isolated finds in this field. The Shieldbay 4 site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, it is located 36 metres north of Dundas Street and 578 metres east of Trafalgar Road. This site consists of a single artifact. It is a piece of chipping detritus identified as a flake of chert. It has a maximum measured length of 8. mm, a width of 9.0 mm and a thickness of.9 mm. Shieldbay 5 Shieldbay 5 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 5 of the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated a short distance southeast of a small pond in the central portion of a small field. There are two other isolated finds in this field. The site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, it is located 253 metres north of Dundas Street and 555 metres east of Trafalgar Road. This site consists of a single artifact. It is a piece of chipping detritus that has been identified as thinning flake made of high quality chert (Plate 7j). This incomplete flake has a measured length of 20.4 mm, a width of 5.3 mm and a thickness of 2. mm with a platform thickness of 4.0 mm.

21 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 4 Shieldbay 6 Shieldbay 6 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 5 within the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated near the southern edge of a small field in the southern portion of the subject property. There are two other isolated finds in this field. Generally, the site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 70 metres north of Dundas Street and 435 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of a single artifact. This artifact is a piece of chipping detritus identified as a flake made of chert. This small flake has a measured length of 4.5 mm, a width of 7.7 mm and a thickness of 2. mm. Shieldbay 7 Shieldbay 7 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 2 within the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the northwest corner of a large field that spans the north-central portion of the subject property. Generally, the site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 822 metres north of Dundas Street and 492 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of a single artifact. This artifact is a piece of chipping detritus identified as a flake made of chert. This flake has a measured length of 9.7 mm, a width of 8.0 mm and a thickness of 2.85 mm. Shieldbay 8 Shieldbay 8 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 5 within the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the northwest portion of a large field that spans the north-central portion of the subject property. The site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, it is located 77 metres north of Dundas Street and 529 metres east of Trafalgar Road. This site consists of a single artifact. It is a core made of good quality chert. This core is difficult to orient but has a maximum measured length of 4.0 mm, a width of 25.6 mm and a thickness of 5.4 mm. Shieldbay 9 Shieldbay 9 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 2 of the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the northeast corner of a large field that spans the north-central portion of the subject property. The site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, it is located 789 metres north of Dundas Street and 743 metres east of Trafalgar Road.

22 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 5 Shieldbay 9 consists of a single artifact. It is a large ovate made of an unidentified glossy dark grey chert with abundant micro-inclusions (Plate 7a). This complete but unfinished artifact has a maximum length of 72.0 mm, a width of 48.4 mm and a midsection thickness of.5 mm although the base portion is slightly thicker. The is classed as indeterminate; although, it does show evidence of lateral flaking, a technique that tends to be diagnostic of the Paleo-Indian time period. Shieldbay 0 Shieldbay 0 was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field within the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the northeast corner of a large field that spans the northern limits of the subject property. Generally, the site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 969 metres north of Dundas Street and 748 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of a single artifact. This artifact is a piece of chipping detritus identified as a flake made of good quality dark chert. Measuring 20.4 mm in length, 29.0 mm in width and 2.5 mm thick, this is a medium sized flake. There is significant edge damage on the dorsal-lateral surface but this is not considered to indicate utilization. Shieldbay Shieldbay was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 5 within the Shieldbay property. As shown in Figure 3, the find is situated in the western portion of a large field that spans the northern end of the subject property. Generally, the site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 923 metres north of Dundas Street and 543 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of a single artifact. The artifact is a mid-section of a projectile point made of chert (Plate 7d). This incomplete artifact has a maximum length of 38.3 mm, a width of 47.9 mm and a thickness of 8.3 mm. It is tentatively identified as a blade of a projectile point of the Genesee type. If that interpretation is correct, this specimen would date to the Broad Point Horizon of the Late Archaic Period, ca B. P. (Ellis, Kenyon and Spence 990:99).

23 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page THE SHIELDBAY SITE (AiGw-522) 6. Location and Description The Shieldbay site was found on July, 2007 during the pedestrian survey of Field 4. The survey was conducted by Chris Neill and a crew of five. As shown in Figure 3, the Shieldbay site is located near the eastern edge of a moderately sized field in the eastern half of the subject property. Field measurements place this site 35 metres west of the fence line that marks the eastern boundary of the subject property and 60 metres north of a line of trees that transect the southern third of the field. The site is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 47 metres north of Dundas Street and 750 metres east of Trafalgar Road. 6.2 Artifact Analysis The small artifact sample from the site is composed entirely of chipping detritus. A total of ten pieces of chipping detritus were recovered. The sample includes three flake s, three tertiary or early stage reduction flakes and four thinning flakes. All of the flakes are made of chert. The smallest flake measures 4.5 mm in length and 4.0 mm in width while the largest flake measures 23.4 mm in length, 28.0 mm in width and 6. mm in thickness. This larger flake has a very small area of utilization on the dorsal/lateral surface. The use wear is straight and has a length of 4.6 mm and a height of.2 mm. The largest flake is shown in Plate 7h; one of the smaller flakes is shown in Plate 7i. 6.3 Interpretations Although this site is small, the cluster of artifacts has been registered under the Borden system as AiGw-522. Pending the discovery of any culturally diagnostic artifacts, this site can only be classified as a First Nations lithic scatter of unknown age and cultural affiliation.

24 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page THE SHIELDBAY 2 SITE (AiGw-523) 7. Location and Description The site was discovered during the course of the Stage 2 pedestrian survey of Field 3 of the Shieldbay property. The survey was conducted by Chris Neill and a crew of five on July, As shown in Figure 3, the site is located in the central portion of a moderately sized field on the western half of the subject property. It is located in Lot, Concession NDS. Specifically, the site is located 397 metres north of Dundas Street and 472 metres east of Trafalgar Road. The site consists of two discrete and well-defined lithic clusters separated by a relic stream course. A map of the artifact distribution is illustrated as Figure 4. A controlled surface collection of the site was conducted on July 2, In the process, 06 stations were recorded and 4 artifacts were collected. The western cluster is 3. metres north-south by 2.5 metres east-west while the eastern cluster is 5.4 metres north-south by 2.6 metres east-west. The two clusters are connected by a more diffuse scatter of seven artifact stations that are located just south of the relic stream course, and it may be that they represent a third cluster. Table 5 summarizes the cultural remains recovered. A representative sample of the artifacts is illustrated in Plate Artifact Analysis The sample of artifacts recovered during the controlled surface collection of the greater site is composed entirely of chipped lithic material (n=4). The artifact assemblage is presented in Table 5. As shown, the sample is dominated by chipping detritus (n=05, 92.%) although a small amount of informal tools (n=6, 5.4%) and cores (n=3, 2.6%) were also recovered. The informal tools consist of utilized flakes (n=4, 3.5%) and gravers (n=2,.8%). All of the artifact groupings will be discussed more fully in the following section. The majority of lithic artifacts in the sample consist of waste from the production of stone tools or chipping detritus. The sample of chipping detritus (n=05) is divided into several major groupings intended to reflect the stages of manufacture between raw material and a finished. The type of platform and the shape of the flake are used to determine these stages. The majority of the chipping detritus consists of incomplete or partial flakes lacking the diagnostic platform. They are identified as flake s (n=67). While most of the flake s are of chert (n=6), some are of Haldimand chert (n=4) while a small amount could not be identified to raw material (n=2). Equally undiagnostic is the single piece of shatter (n=). A small number of flakes were produced during the initial stage of reduction and are identified as tertiary flakes (n=9). One of the tertiary flakes is of Haldimand chert while the rest are of chert (n=8). The largest group of diagnostic chipping detritus relates to the process of manufacture and shaping (n=28). This includes thinning flakes (n=5), retouch flakes (n=7) and finishing flakes (n=5). The sample also includes a single example of a reduction error (n=). Most of the sample is of chert (n=8) although Haldimand chert (n=2)

25 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 8 and an unidentified chert (n=2) were also present. The Haldimand chert only occurs on thinning flakes (n=2) while the unidentified chert is represented on both thinning flakes (n=) and finishing flakes (n=). Two of the Haldimand flakes (CSC 0 and CSC 66) have a somewhat more waxy appearance that may suggest that they came from the Colborne formation instead, while several of the unidentified flakes of chert (CSC 36 and CSC 04) may actually be of Haldimand chert. Table 5 Frequency of Cultural Remains from the Site ARTIFACT CHERT TYPE Haldimand Unid TOTAL CLASS TYPE Freq Burnt Freq Burnt Freq Freq % CHIPPING DETRITUS INFORMAL TOOLS Tertiary Biface Thinning Finishing Retouch Reduction Error 0.9 Flake Fragment Shatter 0.9 Sub-total Utilized Flake Flake Tertiary Graver Sub-total Informal Tools OTHER Core Random (Fragment) TOTAL A small amount of the chipping detritus has also been thermally altered, either intentionally to improve the working properties or unintentionally as waste material was discarded into a camp fire or cooking fire. Most of the thermal alteration or burning is present on the flake s (n=5) although a tertiary flake (n=) and a thinning flake (n=) were also affected. As expected, given the dominance of chert in the sample, most of the burnt chipping detritus is of chert (n=4), although a single flake of Haldimand chert is also affected. Three pieces of chipping detritus from are shown in Plate 7, they include two of the Haldimand chert pieces (CSC 0 and CSC 92-2) and one of the larger chert flakes (CSC 48). The grouping of informal tools is composed of utilized flakes and gravers. They result from the expedient use of a suitable piece of chipping detritus to fulfill a practical need rather than the deliberate manufacture of a specific tool form. The final grouping is represented by cores.

26 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 9 Although cores may be shaped so that a specific form of lithic flake can be produced, they are often just a by-product and merely indicate that some form of lithic manufacture has occurred before they are abandoned. All of the utilized flakes were made of chert. Two of the four are made on flake s (CSC 5, 25) while the other two are made on tertiary flakes (CSC 46, 55). The location of utilization, the length of utilization and the shape of the utilized edge vary. Table 6 provides summary data on the utilized flakes. As shown in Table 6, one of the utilized flakes has two separate areas of utilization (CSC 5). Both are quite small but distinct and since the utilization on the ventral/lateral surface is incomplete, the flake may have broken while in use. The largest flake (CSC 55) has a slightly irregular but convex area of utilization that, if maintained in the toolkit, would have become retouched and eventually worked into an end scraper. Two of the utilized flakes (CSC 55 and CSC 25) are illustrated in Plate 7e-f. Table 6 Summary Data on Utilized Flakes from the Site ARTIFACT Dimensions (mm) Utilized Edge Length Width Thick Location Shape Length Height CSC VL Straight DD Straight CSC VL Concave CSC DL Straight CSC DD Convex *DL=Dorsal/Lateral, DD=Dorsal/Distal, DP=Dorsal/Proximal, VL=Ventral/Lateral, VD=Ventral/Distal One of the two gravers recovered is complete. The complete specimen (CSC 98) has three wide shallow spurs and is made of chert; it is shown in Plate 7g. This specimen has a length, width and thickness of 32. mm, 8.9 mm and 5. mm respectively. The other graver (CSC 23) is a small flake with a length of 7.9 mm, a width of.3 mm and a thickness of 3.9 mm. A single spur was noted and the piece was also made of chert. All of the cores were made of chert. The first specimen is a random core (CSC ) with tabular cortex. This specimen has a complete length of 27.3 mm, width of 9.7 mm and thickness of 9.5 mm and exhibits battering on one edge. The second core (CSC 2) is incomplete but is identified as a of a random core. It has incomplete measurements of 4.0 mm in length, 2.0 mm in width and.0 mm in thickness. The final core (CSC 2) was initially identified as a in the field. However, this artifact is actually a random core with extensive thermal alteration. The appearance of a was produced by removing flakes from two adjacent striking platforms, resulting in a uniform and flattened core. The specimen has a length, width and thickness of 42.3 mm, 28.2 mm and.7 mm respectively with the length truncated due to a thermal fracture. This core (CSC 2) is illustrated in Plate 7b. Primary sources of chert crop out in the Fort Erie area and along the northeast shore of Lake Erie, about 85 kilometres southeast of the site. Secondary deposits of chert

27 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 20 are present in the form of cobbles in the bluffs along the north-central Lake Erie shore, about 40 km south of the site. The former represents the most likely source of the chert present at the site. Both Colborne and Haldimand chert occurs further west. Haldimand chert crops out further inland, closer to the Haggersville area, about 70 km southwest of the Shieldbay property. Colborne chert is sourced from the Niagara Peninsula and would require a detour on land around the western edge of Lake Ontario, a distance of 20 km; as the crow flies (or the canoe paddles) across Lake Ontario, the distance would be much shorter, in the range of 80 km. 7.3 Interpretations The artifact sample recovered by the controlled surface collection of the site indicates that mid stage roughing out and manufacture of s was occurring at both loci. This indicates the production and maintenance of a tool kit. The small sample of utilized flakes and gravers in addition to the lack of scrapers and formal tools effectively limits further speculation. All of the recovered Haldimand chert specimens occur as flakes pertaining to the early to late stages of manufacture (i.e. tertiary flakes, thinning and finishing flakes). Although the sample is extremely small, this may indicate that they were retooling or manufacturing new tools on Haldimand chert rather than maintaining an existing tool kit composed of Haldimand material. The possible inclusion of Colborne chert could indicate a more extensive route to access raw materials for tool manufacture. The retouch flake of chert indicates the sharpening or refurbishing of an existing tool. The available evidence suggests that the two loci of this site probably represent short term occupations, possibly as hunting camps. At present, the two loci of the site can only be can only be classified as First Nations lithic scatters of unknown age and cultural affiliation. It remains to be determined whether the two loci were contemporaneous or were even occupied by peoples of the same age and cultural affiliation.

28 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page RECOMMENDATIONS As detailed in the preceding section of this report, the Stage archaeological assessment determined that no archaeological sites had been recorded within the Shieldbay property but that the property had at least a moderate potential for as-yet undiscovered archaeological remains. In consequence, possible archaeological planning concerns for the proposed residential development were limited to the potential for as-yet undiscovered sites. The subsequent 2007 survey covered the arable portions of the Shieldbay property; they include lands with a combined surface area of 34.3 hectares, representing 76% of the total 45-hectare surface area of the property. As stated in Section.0 of this report, however, the 2007 survey did not include the uncultivated portions of the Shieldbay property that will be subject to impact from the future residential development of the property. Nor did it include the Natural Heritage System lands. The uncultivated portions of the Shieldbay property that will be subject to impact from the future development are scheduled to be covered by a systematic shovel test pit survey during the 2009 field season. Whether additional First Nations sites will be discovered remains to be determined. As noted in Section 3.2 of this report, however, the site of the 9 th century George Ryan farmstead is almost certainly located in the south-central portion of the Shieldbay property, in one of the uncultivated areas that has not yet been surveyed. If that site is confirmed, the 2009 fieldwork will confirm whether it is old enough to constitute a significant archaeological resource and planning concern. A visual examination of the Natural Heritage System lands will be conducted at the same time as the test pit survey. If it should determine that any discrete areas in the Natural Heritage System lands have a potential for archaeological remains, Trinison Management Corp. will have two options to consider. One option would be to conduct an archaeological survey of those lands. The other option would be to ensure the ongoing protection of the Natural Heritage System lands through zoning or a restrictive covenant. In any event, a supplemental report will be prepared following the completion of the Stage 2 survey of the Shieldbay property. As described in Section 4.2 of this report, the 2007 survey of the arable portions of the Shieldbay property resulted in the discovery of archaeological sites. They are of variable significance as archaeological resources and planning concerns. A discussion of their relative significance is presented below. Nine of the sites consist of isolated First Nations findspots, all but one of which are of unknown age and cultural affiliation. The exception is a of a projectile point tentatively attributed to the Late Archaic Genesee type. Given their isolated nature and the fact that all but one of the specimens are undiagnostic, none of these nine sites is considered to represent a significant archaeological resource or planning concern. The remaining two sites are First Nations lithic scatters of unknown age and cultural affiliation. The Shieldbay is a single small lithic scatter. The is more substantial and consists of two well-defined lithic scatters separated by a relic stream course. Based on the available

29 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 22 evidence, the Shieldbay site and the site are both considered to represent potentially significant archaeological resources and planning concerns. It is recommended that a more detailed Stage 3 assessment be carried out at the Shieldbay and 2 sites. More specifically, it is recommended that a controlled surface collection be carried out at the Shieldbay site and that a second controlled surface collection be carried out at both loci of the site. As artifacts are observed they initially will be marked by coloured survey flags and left in-situ. These individual artifact locations are termed artifact stations. Once the Stage 3 intensive surface survey has been completed, all artifacts observed will be recorded with a transit and tape. As the location of each artifact station is recorded, the artifacts will be bagged, tagged and collected. The controlled surface collections will serve to better determine the effective limits of the Shieldbay site and the two loci of the site. They will also serve to determine the locations of any apparent artifact concentrations that might warrant more intensive testing (see below). Further to the above, it is recommended that Stage 3 test excavations be carried out at the two sites following the completion of the controlled surface collections. The test excavations will consist of the systematic excavation of a checkerboard pattern of one-metre test squares at a five-metre interval. A continuous line of additional test units on a north-south and/or east-west may also be excavated in order to better define the nature of any apparent artifact concentrations within each site. All test squares will be excavated to subsoil and all excavated soils will be screened through 6 mm mesh in order to maximize artifact recoveries. The quantity of cultural remains in the ploughzone is a key determinant of the significance of a prehistoric site such as a lithic scatter. The standard approach of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport in these matters is that any prehistoric site or portion thereof that has artifactbearing topsoil deposits of 0 or more pieces per one-metre square represents a significant archaeological resource and planning concern. Sites with lower quantities of artifacts may also be deemed significant if they contain a high proportion of diagnostic artifacts such as formal tools, or if they include burnt chert indicating the possible presence of subsurface cultural features such as hearths. The test excavations will have a number of objectives. One will be to increase the available artifact sample. A second objective will be to recover diagnostic artifacts that will enable us to determine the age and cultural affiliations of the sites. A third objective will be to confirm the relative productivity of the sites. The ultimate objective will be to confirm if the sites do indeed represent significant archaeological resources and planning concerns. If one or both sites are confirmed to be significant, there will be two basic options to mitigate them in advance of the proposed residential development. One will be preservation by avoidance. The other will be mitigation by the implementation of Stage 4 salvage excavations. Beginning in the 980s, it was standard practice for what is now named the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport to review archaeological assessment reports and then to issue letters of clearance for proposed developments. That system has changed and the Ministry no longer issues letters of clearance. Rather, Archaeological Review Officers of the Ministry now review reports to ensure that the assessment and the report satisfy consulting licence requirements

30 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 23 under the Ontario Heritage Act (R.S.O. 990) and other legislation, and that they conform to existing standards and guidelines. If the report and the assessment do so conform, the pertinent Archaeological Review Officer then issues a letter confirming that, and accepting the report into the Provincial registry of archaeological reports. Further to the above, it is recommended that the Ministry issue a letter accepting the present report into the Provincial archaeological report registry. It is also recommended that the letter include a statement that the Ministry concurs with the recommendations presented in this report. The above conclude the property-specific recommendations of this report. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that no archaeological assessment can be considered to totally negate the potential for deeply buried cultural remains, including human burials. In recognition of that fact, the archaeological assessment technical guidelines formulated by the Province of Ontario require that all reports on archaeological assessments include recommendations to address the possibility that deeply buried remains may be encountered during topsoil stripping and construction (MCTR 993:2). In accordance with the above, it is recommended that archaeological staff of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport be notified immediately if any deeply buried archaeological remains should be discovered during future earthmoving or construction within the study corridor. In the event that human remains should be encountered, it is similarly recommended that the proponent immediately contact Katherine Cappella, Archaeological Review Officer with the Toronto office of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (telephone , address Katherine.Cappella@ontario.ca) and Michael D Mello, the Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulation Unit of the Ontario Ministry of Small Business and Consumer Services (telephone , address Michael.D Mello@ontario.ca).

31 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page REFERENCES CITED Chapman, L.J. and D.F. and Putnam 984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3 rd Edition, Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. Ellis, Chris J., Ian T. Kenyon and Michael W. Spence 990 The Archaic in The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A. D Pages Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS Number 5, London, Canada Government of Ontario 990 The Heritage Act RSO 980. Queen's Printer, Toronto. KEWA 979 Saugeen Points KEWA Crawford Knoll Points KEWA Meadowood Points KEWA Genesee Points KEWA Brewerton Corner-Notched Points KEWA Dewaele Points KEWA Murphy, Carl 988 Snyders Points KEWA Ontario Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation (MCTR) 993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines (Stages -3 and Reporting Format). Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation, Cultural Programs Branch, Archaeology and Heritage Planning Unit. Walker & Miles 877 Historical Atlas of Halton County, Ontario. Toronto. Weiler, John 980 Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. Historical Planning and Research Branch, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation, Toronto.

32 FIGURES

33 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 2 Figure Location of the Shieldbay Property

34 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 22 Figure 2 Facsimile of the 877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Trafalgar Township

35 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 23 Survey Low and Wet To Be Assessed N Pond 0 00m SITE SITE 0 TRAFALGAR ROAD SITE 7 SITE 8 SITE 9 SITE 2 SITE 3 SITE SITE 4 SITE 5 SITE 6 DUNDAS STREET Figure 3 Archaeological Survey Coverage and Site Locations

36 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 24 Figure 4 Stage 3 Controlled Collection of the Site

37 PLATES

38 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 26 Plate Field (North Field) of the Shieldbay Property, View East Plate 2 Field 2 (Middle Field) of the Shieldbay Property, View East Plate 3 Field 3 with the Site in the Background, View North Plate 4 Field 6 of the Shieldbay Property, View Northeast Plate 5 Field 7 of the Shieldbay Property, View North Plate 6 Field 8 of the Shieldbay Property, View North-Northeast

39 Inc. Property, Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario Page 27 a b c d e f g h i j k l Plate 7 Select Artifacts from the 2007 Survey of the Shieldbay Property a b c d e f Site 9: Biface Site 2 (AiGw-523): Core Site 2 (AiGw-523): Site : Biface mid-section Site 2 (AiGw-523): Utilized flake Site 2 (AiGw-523): Utilized flake g h i j k l Site 2 (AiGw-253) Graver Site (AiGw-522): Site (AiGw-522): Site 5: Site 2 (AiGw-523): Site 2 (AiGw-523):