ARCHEOWORKS INC. Project #: 050-PI Licensee (#): Alvina Tam (P1016) PIF#: P Original Report. August 25 th, 2015

Transcription

1 ARCHEOWORKS INC. Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment for the: Proposed Development of Registered Plan 40R Within Part of Lots 19 and 20, Concession 3 In the Geographic Township of Pickering Historical County of Ontario City of Pickering Regional Municipality of Durham Ontario Project #: 050-PI Licensee (#): Alvina Tam (P1016) PIF#: P Original Report August 25 th, 2015 Presented to: Stonepay Canada Inc. CP/PO Box 1 Succursales/Station St-Charles Kirkland, Quebec H9H 0A2 T: Prepared by: Archeoworks Inc Yonge Street, Suite 1029 Newmarket, Ontario L3X 1X4 T: F:

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archeoworks Inc. was retained by Stonepay Canada Inc. to conduct a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (AA) in support of a proposed development for registered plan 40R (the study area ), located within part of Lots 19 and 20, Concession 3, in the Geographic Township of Pickering, historical County of Ontario, now in the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario. The Stage 1 AA had previously identified areas of disturbance and no archaeological potential, which were not recommended for a Stage 2 AA. The remaining balance of the study area, consisting of woodlots and areas of overgrown vegetation, were subjected to a Stage 2 AA shovel test pit survey at five-metre intervals. During the Stage 2 AA, an additional area of ground disturbance, consisting of a berm, was encountered. Despite careful scrutiny, no archaeological resources were encountered. In light of the study area testing negative for archaeological resources, the study area may be considered free of further archaeological concern. No construction activities shall take place within the study area prior to the MTCS (Archaeology Program Unit) confirming in writing that all archaeological licensing and technical review requirements have been satisfied. ARCHEOWORKS INC. i

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... I TABLE OF CONTENTS... II PROJECT PERSONNEL... III 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT HISTORICAL CONTEXT ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT FIELD METHODS PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED AREAS OF NO POTENTIAL IDENTIFIED DISTURBANCES TEST PIT SURVEY RECORD OF FINDS ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES APPENDICES APPENDIX A: MAPS APPENDIX B: IMAGES APPENDIX C: INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTARY AND MATERIAL RECORD LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Registered Archaeological Site within One Kilometre of the Study Area... 4 ARCHEOWORKS INC. ii

4 PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Director... Alvina Tam MTCS licence P1016 Field Director... Jessica Marr - MTCS licence P334 Field Archaeologists... Carley Adams Kara Adams Kassandra Aldridge MTCS licence R439 Kaye Boucher MTCS licence P1004 Ian Boyce MTCS licence R1059 Jessica Budhoo Sarah Chin Teba Ibrahim Sebastian LaForce - MTCS licence R416 Michael Lawson Sabrina Moffat Alexander Rodriguez MTCS licence R487 Luka Sijakovic Adrian Susac Jennifer Yee Report Preparation... Alvina Tam MTCS licence P1016 Report Review... Nimal Nithiyanantham MTCS licence P390 Kim Slocki MTCS licence P029 Historical Research... Lee Templeton MTCS licence R454 Graphics... Alvina Tam MTCS licence P1016 Lee Templeton MTCS licence R454 ARCHEOWORKS INC. iii

5 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Objective The objectives of a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (AA), as outlined in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists ( 2011 S&G ) (MTCS, 2011), are as follows: To document all archaeological resources on the property To determine whether the property contains archaeological resources requiring further assessment To recommend appropriate Stage 3 assessment strategies for archaeological sites identified 1.2 Development Context Archeoworks Inc. was retained by Stonepay Canada Inc. to conduct a Stage 2 AA in support of proposed development for registered plan 40R The property will henceforth be referred to as the study area, which is within part of Lots 19 and 20, Concession 3, in the Geographic Township of Pickering, historical County of Ontario, now in the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (see Appendix A Map 1). This study was triggered by the Ontario Planning Act in support of Stonepay s intent to proceed with development. This Stage 2 AA was conducted pre-submission under the project direction of Ms. Alvina Tam, under the archaeological consultant licence number P1016, in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act (2009). Permission to investigate the study area and to collect any archaeological remains was granted by Stonepay Canada Inc. on April 30 th, Historical Context The 2011 S&G, published by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) considers areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement, including places of early military pioneer or pioneer settlement (e.g., pioneer homesteads, isolated cabins, and farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, and pioneer churches and early cemeteries, as having archaeological potential. There may be commemorative markers of their history, such as local, provincial, or federal monuments or heritage parks. Early historical transportation routes (trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes), properties listed in a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or a federal, provincial, or municipal historic landmark or site, and properties that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupations are also considered to have archaeological potential. WSP Canada Inc. previously conducted a Stage 1 AA to establish the archaeological and historical potential of the study area (WSP Canada Inc., 2014). This report included a brief examination of the study area s settlement history, a review of physiography, proximity to ARCHEOWORKS INC. 1

6 significant water sources, previous AAs within proximity to the study area, and a summary of registered archaeological sites within close proximity of the study area. The results of this background research are presented below (WSP Canada Inc., 2014): The earliest possible settlement in the area would have been after the environmental barriers to human habitation had disappeared (glacial ice and glacial lakes), and vegetation and wildlife had sufficiently occupied the area to sustain people. The prehistoric sequence of occupation for the area is not completely understood. The arrival of people in the area can broadly said to have occurred between 11,000 and 10,500 years ago, as Paleo-Indians migrated along the changing waterfront following herds of large game such as caribou. Paleo-Indians were characterized by their nomadic lifestyle. These highly mobile hunters and gatherers relied on the caribou, small game, fish and wild plants found in the sub-arctic environment of the time. Hunting and gathering was still the main subsistence strategy during the Archaic period, but migration was more restricted to local areas. Lithic technologies also changed during this period. A broader range of tool types was created, but the necessary skill and workmanship decreased from the Paleo-Indian standards. Ground stone tools appeared, such as adzes and gouges, tool types which indicate increased wood working (Wright, 1972, p.h-1; The Canadian Encyclopedia 2011). The Archaic period also showed the development of trade networks over large areas. The Archaic period was followed by the Early and Middle Woodland period, beginning around 3,000 years ago and lasting until approximately 500 AD. This period is characterized by the introduction of ceramics. Woodland subsistence strategies were still based on hunting and gathering. Although Woodland people were nomadic, their migratory routes followed seasonal patterns to proven hunting locations rather than following migrating herds. Trade networks continued to flourish through the Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period (after 500 AD), agriculture was introduced and began to take on a larger role in subsistence. By the end of this period, distinct regional populations occupied specific areas of Ontario, some groups retaining a semi-nomadic lifestyle. It was the people of the Late Woodland period. The property is located in Pickering, Ontario which has a rich and vibrant history. In 1669, the French and the Iroquois Confederacy met on the land and the French attempted to assume colonial rights in the name of their king, although the French had no real plans to settle the land and were merely there because of the resources of the land. These French missionaries, traders and soldiers left their mark in the character of the area, evident in some of the place names such as the Rouge River. Shortly after the fall of Quebec at the end of the Seven Years War, New France which had included the area now known as Pickering - became a part of the British Empire. It was the British who ultimately prepared the land for settlement by signing treaties with the Mississauga First Nation and, by 1776, surveying their new dominion. The pioneer era which followed, brought the first permanent settlers to Pickering, namely William and Margaret Peak, who received a formal lease from the Crown in Pickering Village eventually became established. The municipality of Pickering dates to 1811 when the first town hall meeting was held and there were a sufficient member of settlers have some independence. The initial growth subsided during the War of 1812 as a large number of individuals were part of the militia. Following the war, however, development in Pickering picked up again in large part ARCHEOWORKS INC. 2

7 due to the increasing number of immigrants from the British Isles and from Ireland. By 1817, Pickering had an early store and in 1829 they were of sufficient size to warrant a post office. The primary early industries were agriculture and forestry. The area boasted 20 sawmills in 1845 alone. In 1974, with the restructuring of the area into the Regional Municipality of Durham, Pickering was raised to the status of a Town and grew to become a City in According to the City of Pickering Planning Department (personal communication WSP Canada Inc.), the site on which the development will occur has not been actively used since the 1960 s and the natural environment was simply allowed to take its course. Modern use of the site occurred around Formerly known as the Deckers area, today represented by Deckers Hill (junction of Brock and Concession 3), the area is preparing for intensive development (WSP Canada Inc., 2014, pp.1-2) Past Land Use To further assess the study area s potential for the recovery of historic pre-1900 remains, several documents were reviewed in order to gain an understanding of the land use history. The 1860 Tremaine s Map of the County of Ontario (see Map 2) reveals that the study area was located within part of Michael Redden s, John Redden s, Mrs. Phoney, and Hugh Quigley s property. No historic structures are depicted within or in close proximity (300 metres) of the study area. The lack of markings on the map suggests the study area was cleared of overgrowth vegetation and cultivated. The Ganatsekiagon Creek is located with 300 metres of the study area. The 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario (see Map 3) reveals that the study area encompassed part of Don, P.C., D. O Connor, T.B., and J. Redden s property. No historic structures are depicted within the study area, while four homesteads are located within 300 metres of its limits. The study area appears to have been located within the agricultural landscape of each property owner and the Ganatsekiagon Creek still flowed within 300 metres of the study area. In addition to the study area s documented proximity to and the presence of Euro-Canadian historic structures, the study area is not located within 100 metres of an original road allowance established during the survey of Township of Pickering Present Land Use The study area presently has differential land uses, which can be categorized as commercial and open field. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 3

8 1.4 Archaeological Context Designated and Listed Cultural Heritage Resources Consultation of the Ontario Heritage Properties Database which records heritage resources that have been designated for their provincial cultural value or interest under the Ontario Heritage Act (O.Reg. 10/06), confirmed the absence of a provincially designated heritage property within and near (within 300 metres) of the study area 1. Additional consultation with the online inventory entitled, Municipal Heritage Official List of Properties of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest to the City of Pickering (City of Pickering, 2008), which is an inventory of all designated and listed heritage properties within the City of Pickering, confirmed the absence of any listed heritage resources within and near (within 300 metres of) the study area. In order to obtain a more up-to-date inventory of all designated and listed heritage properties within the City of Pickering, the Senior Planner Development Review & Heritage at the City of Pickering was contacted (Templeton, 2015a). No designated or listed heritage properties are located within or in proximity to (within 300 metres of) the study area Registered Archaeological Sites In order provide a summary of registered or known archaeological sites within a minimum one kilometre distance from the study area limits, as per Section 1.1, Standard 1 and Section 7.5.8, Standard 1 of the 2011 S&G, the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD) maintained by the MTCS was consulted (MTCS, 2015b). Every archaeological site is registered according to the Borden System, which is a numbering system used throughout Canada to track archaeological sites and their artifacts. The study area is located within Borden block AlGs. According to the MTCS (2015), eight archaeological sites have been registered within a one kilometre radius of the study area. One site, the Wise-Whaley Site (AlGs-152) falls within close proximity (within 300 metres) of the study area limits (see Table 1). Table 1: Registered Archaeological Site within One Kilometre of the Study Area Borden # Name Cultural Affiliation Type Site located within 300 metres of the study area AlGs-152 Wise-Whaley Euro-Canadian Homestead Site located within one kilometre of the study area AlGs-1 Miller Late Woodland; Early Iroquoian (Pickering) Village, burial AlGs-14 Deckers Hill Late Woodland Other camp/campsite AlGs-108 Ramage Pre-contact Findspot AlGs-181 Historic #1 Euro-Canadian Homestead AlGs-199 McLachlin Late Woodland; Early Iroquoian (Pickering) Hamlet AlGs-232 Valley Ross Late Woodland Undetermined 1 Clarification: As of 2005, the Ontario Heritage Properties Database is no longer being updated. The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport is currently updating a new system which will provide much greater detail to users and will become publicly accessible in the future. ( ARCHEOWORKS INC. 4

9 Borden # Name Cultural Affiliation Type AlGs-283 Fairway Euro-Canadian Homestead Previous Archaeological Assessments In order to further establish the archaeological context of the study area, reports documenting previous archaeological fieldwork carried out within the limits of, or immediately adjacent to (i.e., within 50 metres) the study area were consulted. Three reports were identified: Previous assessment(s) associated with current development project: 1. Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment: Parts of Lot 19 and 20, Concession 3, City of Pickering, Durham Region, Province of Ontario (WPS Canada Inc., 2014) WSP Canada Inc. conducted a Stage 1 AA of a roughly 12.5 hectare parcel of land located within Lots 19 and 20, Concession 3, in the City of Pickering. This assessment encompasses the current study area limits. The Stage 1 AA included a brief summary of First Nations and Euro-Canadian settlement history, its proximity to significant water sources, a review of the physiography, previous archaeological assessments conducted within 50 metres of the subject area, and a review of registered archaeological sites within one-kilometre of the subject area. A property inspection was conducted to evaluate and map archaeological potential. It was concluded that a Stage 2 AA is required in the western and southern areas of the property. The large disturbed area in the central and eastern portion of the property does not require testing. The balance of the property was evaluated as having low archaeological potential for the discovery of Precontact archaeological sites and historic Euro-Canadian sites. No further assessment is required in these areas. As per Section of the 2011 S&G, if archaeological resources are found within 50 metres of areas exempt from test pit survey, the survey must extend at least 50m from the positive test pit. Previous assessment(s) associated with other development projects: 2. Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment for the: Proposed Development of Brock Road, Within Lot 19, Concession 3, In the Geographic Township of Pickering, Historical County of Ontario, Now the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (Archeoworks Inc., 2015) Archeoworks Inc. undertook a Stage 1 AA of a parcel of land at municipal addresses Brock Road in advance of the future Seaton Centre commercial development complex, within the heart of a new residential community to be established in North Pickering. The Stage 1 AA included a review of the historic and archaeological context of the study area which discussed the First Nations and Euro-Canadian settlement history, historical mapping, designated, listed heritage properties and conservation districts within 300 metres, commemorative markers within 300 metres, registered archaeological sites within one-kilometre and previous assessments conducted within 50 metres. The Stage 1 AA concluded there is potential to locate both First Nations and Euro-Canadian archaeological sites within the study area. Portions of the ARCHEOWORKS INC. 5

10 subject area exhibited disturbed conditions that included an existing extant structure, grading, paved areas, underground utilities, and razed building footprints. A Stage 2 AA in the form of test pit survey at five metre intervals was recommended in areas identified as containing archaeological potential. 3. Draft - Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment for the: Proposed Development of Brock Road, Within Lot 19, Concession 3, In the Geographic Township of Pickering, Historical County of Ontario, Now the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (Archeoworks Inc., 2015) Archeoworks Inc. conducted a Stage 2 AA of a parcel of land at municipal addresses Brock Road. The Stage 2 AA consisted of a test pit survey conducted at five metre intervals. Despite careful scrutiny, no archaeological resources were encountered during the Stage 2 AA of the subject area. No further archaeological investigation is required for the subject area. 4. The 1997 Stage 1-3 Archaeological Assessment of the Lamoreaux and Duffin Heights Neighbourhoods, Town of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (D.R. Poulton and Associates Inc., 1998) In an attempt to adhere to Section 7.5.8, Standard 4 of the 2011 S&G, the MTCS had been contacted on January 27, 2015 and D.R. Poulton and Associates Inc. had been contacted on January 28, 2015 to obtain a copy of the report listed above (Templeton, 2015b; Templeton, 2015c). A copy had not yet been received at the time of report completion. However, the Stage 1 AA by WSP Canada Inc. previously reviewed the abovementioned report and concluded that it does not report previous archaeological field work conducted either on or within a radius of 50m around the study area (WSP Canada Inc., 2014, p.3) Physical Features The study area is located within the Iroquois Plain physiographic region of Southern Ontario. The Iroquois Plain physiographic region extends around the western part of Lake Ontario, from the Niagara River to the Trent River, its width varying from a few hundred yards to about eight miles. The lowland bordering Lake Ontario, when the last glacier was receding but still occupied the St. Lawrence Valley, was inundated by a body of water known as Lake Iroquois. The undulating till plains above the old shorelines of Lake Iroquois make up the Iroquois Plain. The plain, cut in previously deposited clay and till, is partly floored with sand deposits; from Scarborough to Trenton the plain widens until the old beach is six and one-half miles inland from the present shore of Lake Ontario. The old shoreline is well marked by bluffs or gravel bars while immediately below is a strip of boulder pavement and sandy off-shore deposits which vary in width. Poorly drained, this coarse sandy soil is not very productive. Prior to 1930, until 1940, the Iroquois plain was a general farming area, with a tendency for horticulture and growth of canning crops. Since the Second World War, the remaining farms have become larger while much of the land has been put to urban uses (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). ARCHEOWORKS INC. 6

11 The native soil type within the study area is Woburn loam, which is a Grey-Brown Podzolic soil characterized as calcareous brown loam till. It has good drainage and the topography may be described as rolling and slightly stony (Ontario Agricultural College, 1956). In terms of archaeological potential, potable water is a highly important resource necessary for any extended human occupation or settlement. As water sources have remained relatively stable in Southern Ontario since post-glacial times, proximity to water can be regarded as a useful index for the evaluation of archaeological site potential. Indeed, distance from water has been one of the most commonly used variables for predictive modeling of site location. A watershed is an area drained by a river and its tributaries. As surface water collects and joins a collective water body, it picks up nutrients, sediment and pollutants, which may altogether, affect ecological processes along the way. Hydrological features such as primary water sources (i.e. lakes, rivers, creeks, streams) and secondary water sources (i.e. intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps) would have helped supply plant and food resources to the surrounding area and are indicators of archaeological potential (per Section of the 2011 S&G). The study area is located within the Duffins Creek watershed, and a creek is located within 300 metres Current Land Conditions and Use The study area is currently situated in a mainly rural setting within the City of Pickering. The southern portion of the study area encompasses the remnants of Arnts Topsoil commercial business (see Map 4). Previously disturbed portions of the study area have since grown over. The topography within the study area is variable, with the elevation averaging around 120 metres above sea level Date(s) of Fieldwork The Stage 2 AA of the study area was undertaken on May 8 th, The weather during the Stage 2 investigation was sunny with a temperature high of 28.3 Celsius. The weather and lighting conditions during the Stage 2 investigation permitted good visibility of all parts of the study area and were conducive to the identification and recovery of archaeological resources (per 2011 S&G, Section 2.1, Standard 3). 2.0 FIELD METHODS This field assessment was conducted in compliance with the 2011 S&G, published by the MTCS. Photographic images of the study area are presented within Appendix B. The results of the Stage 2 AA are provided within Map 5. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 7

12 2.1 Previously Identified Areas of No Potential The Stage 1 AA (WSP Canada Inc., 2014) previously identified deep and extensive disturbances within the study area which include: grading and extensive landscaping associated with a former driving range and parking area that have since grown over. Portions of the study area within the northern limit of the property were also evaluated as having no potential and were not recommended for Stage 2 AA. As per the Stage 1 AA recommendations and Section 2.1, Standard 2.c of the 2011 S&G, these areas were considered exempt from current Stage 2 AA activities (see Map 5, Images 1-4). Previously identified disturbances accounted for 1.75 hectares or 56.6% of the study area. Previously identified areas of no archaeological potential accounted for 0.18 hectares or 5.8% of the study area. 2.2 Identified Disturbances The study area was further evaluated for disturbances that may have removed archaeological potential that had not been previously encountered during the Stage 1 AA. Disturbances may include but are not limited to: grading below topsoil, quarrying, building footprints, or sewage and infrastructure development (per 2011 S&G Section 1.3.2). Additional disturbances encountered included a berm at the western limit of the study area (see Map 5; Image 5). Additional disturbances amounted to approximately 0.01 hectares or 0.3% of the study area. 2.3 Test Pit Survey Due to the nature and location of the study area, including woodlot and heavy vegetation, ploughing was not viable. Therefore, the entire study area was subjected to a test pit form of survey. A test pit form of survey involves the systematic walking of an area, excavating 30- centimetre diameter pits by hand, and examining their contents. The test pit survey was performed in a grid pattern at five-metre intervals and the topsoil was screened through sixmillimetre wire mesh in order to facilitate the recovery of artifacts. All test pits were examined for stratigraphy, cultural features, and evidence of fill, and were excavated into the first five centimetres of subsoil (Per 2011 S&G Section 2.1.2) (see Map 5; Images 6-10). All test pits were backfilled. Approximately 1.15 hectares, or 37.2% of the study area, were subjected to test pit survey at five-metre intervals. A total of approximately 460 test pits were excavated to depths ranging from 10 to 20 centimetres within loam soil. Despite careful scrutiny, no archaeological resources were encountered during the Stage 2 AA. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 8

13 3.0 RECORD OF FINDS Despite careful scrutiny, no archaeological resources were encountered during the Stage 2 AA of the study area. 4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS No archaeological sites were identified during the Stage 2 AA. 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS In light of the study area testing negative for archaeological resources, the following recommendation is presented to the MTCS: 1. No further archaeological investigation is required for the study area. No construction activities shall take place within the study area prior to the MTCS (Archaeology Program Unit) confirming in writing that all archaeological licensing and technical review requirements have been satisfied. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 9

14 6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION 1. This report is submitted to the MTCS as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the MTCS, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. 2. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. 3. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. 4. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 10

15 7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Archeoworks Inc. (2015). Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment for the: Proposed Development of Brock Road, Within Lot 19, Concession 3, In the Geographic Township of Pickering, Historical County of Ontario, Now the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (PIF# P ). Archeoworks Inc. (2015). Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment for the: Proposed Development of Brock Road, Within Lot 19, Concession 3, In the Geographic Township of Pickering, Historical County of Ontario, Now the City of Pickering, Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario (PIF# P ). Beer, J.H. (1877). Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario. Toronto, Ont. City of Pickering. (2008). Municipal Heritage Official List of Properties of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest to the City of Pickering. [Online]. Available at: [Accessed 26 May 2015]. Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. (1984). The Physiography of Southern Ontario, 3rd edition. Ontario Geographic Society, Toronto, Special Volume 2. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. (1994). National Topographic Survey of Canada, Series A 751, Map 30 M/14. 9th ed. Ottawa. Ferris, N. (2013). Seeing Ontario s Past Archaeologically. In Munson, M.K. and Jamieson, S.M (Eds.) Before Ontario: The Archaeology of a Province. Montreal & Kingston, Ontario: McGill Queen s University Press, p Google Earth. (2015a) Satellite Imaging. [Online]. Available at: [Accessed 26 May 2015]. (Google Earth, 2015b) Google Earth. (2015b). Available at: [Accessed 26 May 2015]. Heidenreich, C., and Wright, J. V. (1987). Population and Subsistence. In R. C. Harris (Ed.), Historical Atlas of Canada (Vol. I: From the Beginning to 1800). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Hunting Survey Corporation Limited (1954). Digital Aerial Photographs, Southern Ontario. [Online]. Available at [Accessed 26 January 2015]. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 11

16 Ontario Agricultural College (1956). Soil Map of Ontario County, Soil Survey Report No. 23. Guelph: Soil Research Institute. Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. (2011). Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Toronto: Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (2015). Sites within a One Kilometre Radius of the Project Area, provided from the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database, 28 May Pickering-Ajax Digital Archive (2015). Pickering Aerial Photographs. [Online]. Available at: [Accessed 27 January 2015]. Sabean, J. (2000). Time Present and Time Past: A Pictoral History of Pickering. Altona Editions, 28 November Templeton, L. (2015a). from C. Celebra re. Designated and Listed Heritage Properties at Brock Road and 1288 Commerce Street, City of Pickering, 10 April Templeton, L. (2015b). to archaeologicalsites@ontario.ca re. Report Request: P , 27 January Templeton, L. (2015b). to S. Pearce re. Report Request: Lamoreaux and Duffins Heights, Pickering, 28 January The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2011) Archaic. [Online]. Available at: RTA , [Accessed July 2012]. Tremaine, G.M. (1860). Tremaine s Map of the County of Ontario, Canada West. Toronto. WPS Canada Inc. (2014). Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment: Parts of Lot 19 and 20, Concession 3, City of Pickering, Durham Region, Province of Ontario (PIF# P ). Wright, J.V. (1972). Ontario Prehistory: an Eleven-Thousand-Year Archaeological Outline. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada ARCHEOWORKS INC. 12

17 APPENDICES ARCHEOWORKS INC. 13

18 APPENDIX A: MAPS Map 1: National Topographic System map (Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1994) identifying the location of the Stage 2 AA study area. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 14

19 Map 2: Stage 2 AA study area within the Tremaine s Map of the County of Ontario (Tremaine, 1860). ARCHEOWORKS INC. 15

20 Map 3: Stage 2 AA study area within the Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario Township of Pickering (J.H. Beers & Co., 1877). ARCHEOWORKS INC. 16

21 Map 4: Stage 2 AA study area within a 2013 Google Earth satellite image (Google Earth, 2015). ARCHEOWORKS INC. 17

22 Map 5: Stage 2 AA results of the study area, with photo locations indicated. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 18

23 APPENDIX B: IMAGES Image 1: View of grown over disturbed area as identified within the Stage 1 AA. Image 2: View of disturbed ground conditions within grown over disturbed area as identified within the Stage 1 AA. Image 3: View of rock piles within grown over disturbed area as identified within the Stage 1 AA. Image 4: View of debris pile within grown over disturbed area as identified within the Stage 1 AA. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 19

24 Image 5: View of disturbance associated with a berm within the study area. Image 6: View of test pit survey at five metre intervals within a woodlot. Image 7: View of test pit survey at five metre intervals within a woodlot. Image 8: View of area of overgrown vegetation and trees subjected to test pit survey at five metre intervals. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 20

25 Image 9: View of stratigraphy of a regular test pit during Stage 2 AA survey. Image 10: View of test pit survey at five metre intervals within a woodlot. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 21

26 APPENDIX C: INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTARY AND MATERIAL RECORD Project Information: Project Number: Licensee: MTCS PIF: 050-PI Alvina Tam (P1016) P Document/ Material Location Comments 1. Research/ Analysis/ Reporting Material 2.. Annotated Field Notes/Maps 3. Fieldwork Photographs Digital files stored in: /2014/050-PI Stonepay - Pickering/Stage 2 Field Notes: Two (2) pages Field Maps: One (1) map Digital Images: 34 Images Archeoworks Inc., Yonge Street, Suite 1029, Newmarket, ON, Canada, L3X 1X4 Archeoworks Inc., Yonge Street, Suite 1029, Newmarket, ON, Canada, L3X 1X4 Archeoworks Inc., Yonge Street, Suite 1029, Newmarket, ON, Canada, L3X 1X4 Stored on Archeoworks network servers Scanned and stored on Archeoworks network servers Stored on Archeoworks network servers Under Section 6 of Regulation 881 of the Ontario Heritage Act, Archeoworks Inc. will, keep in safekeeping all objects of archaeological significance that are found under the authority of the licence and all field records that are made in the course of the work authorized by the licence, except where the objects and records are donated to Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario or are directed to be deposited in a public institution under subsection 66 (1) of the Act. ARCHEOWORKS INC. 22