F.H. NADER 1, PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING CHALLENGES OF STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX FRONTIER BASINS: THE CASE OF THE LEVANT (EAST-MED) BASIN

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1 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING CHALLENGES OF STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX FRONTIER BASINS: THE CASE OF THE LEVANT (EAST-MED) BASIN A PROPOSED INTEGRATED APPROACH F.H. NADER 1, J. Barabasch 2, L. Inati 1, M. Ducros 1, S. Bou Daher 2, B. Carpentier 1, N. Hawie 3, R. Littke 2 1 Geosciences Division, IFP Energies nouvelles (France) 2 RWTH Aachen University (Germany) 3 Beicip-Franlab (France) fadi-henri.nader@ifpen.fr

2 STRATIGRAPHY, STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND PETROLEUM SYSTEMS OF THE LEVANT BASIN Levant Basin Integrated Research Projects IFPEN & Extended Network (since 2011) I F P E N Industry Partners: Statoil Maersk Oil Total OMV

3 INTRODUCTION THE LEVANT BASIN (EAST-MED. REGION)

4 The Eastern Mediterranean region proven to be world-class, frontier deepwater hydrocarbon province I F P E N More than 60 Tcf of natural gas were discovered offshore Israel, Cyprus and Egypt; e.g. Tamar field (world s largest deepwater natural gas discovery in 2009). New plays have been confirmed in unexplored areas; e.g. Zohr field (carbonates, offshore Egypt). In addition, the giant gas province of the Nile Delta increase up to 42 Tcf of gas reserves. The Levant Basin is characterized by a lack of data, a complex geodynamic history, and high exploration costs. Recent seismic acquisitions and interpretations place it as natural laboratory for improving numerical modelling. Nader et al. (2016)

5 GEODYNAMICS Mesozoic extension in the Tethyan domain: Creation of the East-Med basins Middle Jurassic I F P E N P.B: Palmyra Basin L.B: Levant Basin Frizon de Lamotte et al. (2011)

6 GEODYNAMICS Mesozoic to Cenozoic convergence, collision, and escape Middle tectonics Jurassic Africa, Arabia and Eurasia Late Maastrichtian Oligocene Middle Miocene to Present I F P E N Modified from Bellahsen et al. (2003) Hawie (2014)

7 TECTONONICS NE trending anticlines (Late Miocene); NNE-SSW thrust faults (active in the Tertiary); ENE-WSW strike-slip faults (Active - HC Migration paths) I F P E N Ghalayini et al. (2015) Modified from Walley (1998) and Brew et al. (2001)

8 RESPONSIBLE OIL AND GAS SEDIMENTARY PILE: 5,500 to 9,000m Sed. Thickness (Mount Lebanon) 7,500 to 11,500m Sed. Thickness (Bekaa) 12,000 to 14,000m Sed. Thickness (OFFSHORE) IFPEN Nader et al. (2016)

9 METHODOLOGY INTEGRATED WORKFLOW AND MODELLING TECHNIQUES

10 EAST MEDITERRANEAN CRUSTAL MODELING Lama Inati, H. Zeyen, F.H. Nader, M. Adelinet, and M. Rahhal What is the architecture and the nature of the crust in the Levant basin and surroundings? How can the crustal evolution be recreated with integrated geophysical data analysis? How does understanding crustal characteristics help in constraining the heat flow evolution (major input for sedimentary basin models)? I F P E N Constraining tectonic evolution Improving earthquake evaluation Rigidity of the crust Properly assessing petroleum systems

11 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN CRUSTAL MODELING Lama Inati, H. Zeyen, F.H. Nader, M. Adelinet, and M. Rahhal I F P E N

12 2D CRUSTAL MODELING - DATA RESPONSIBLE OIL AND GAS IFPEN

13 2D CRUSTAL MODELING PROFILE 1 Herodotus Onshore HB LB SW of the ECB Refraction data Moho I F P E N Asthenosphere LAB

14 2D CRUSTAL MODELING PROFILE 1 Herodotus Onshore Moho Lithospheric Mantle HB LB I F P E N

15 INTEGRATED STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING WORKFLOW Steps for constraining reservoir fairways in frontier HC basins I F P E N

16 100 ms TWT WORKFLOW Seismic interpretation (1) F1 Hemipelagic deposits Defining Seismic Facies, representing depositional environments. F3 Fan lobes or turbidites 25 km 3D Mapping Seismic Facies belts on 2D seismic profiles, and suggesting GDE maps. F7 Channel I F P E N Hawie et al. (2013) 5 km Mitchum et al. (1977) Catuneanu et al. (2009)

17 WORKFLOW Conceptual geological model (3) Middle Miocene Upper Miocene Proposing GDE maps and / or block-diagrams showing the paleogeography, depositional environments, and input sources of sediments for each stratigraphic interval. Hawie et al. (2015) I F P E N

18 Integrated workflow for basin Geo-modeling I F P E N Barabasch (2016)

19 RESULTS INTEGRATED GEO-MODELS

20 STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING Stratigraphic architecture Numerical simulation were achieved interval by interval (separately) and were calibrated by the means of the geological conceptual models. Stratigraphic Model Mesozoic The progradation of the Jurassic platform carbonates along the Levantine margin and the Base Cretaceous regressive sand cycles were, hence, properly simulated. W E I F P E N Hawie et al. (2013) Barabasch (2016)

21 STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING Carbonates and silici-clastics basin infill (source to sink) By tuning the input sources for clastics sedimentation in the Oligo- Miocene, meaningful simulations for the silici-clastic and carbonate systems can be achieved. Turbidite system sources Distal Nile basin floor fan from south Arabian plate from east Model parameters Up to Q s,total =3650 [km3/ma]; Q w, total=10200 [m3/s] K sand =1; K shale =5 z = x15 (Hawie et al., 2013) z = x I F P E N Barabasch (2016)

22 STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING Calibration and quality control The simulated stratigraphic facies distributions in 3D allow comparison and calibration with 2D seismic sections (interpreted for seismo-stratigraphic facies), as well as with thicknesses (isopach maps). Link to Seismic Data Hawie et al. (2013) I F P E N Hawie et al. (2013) Barabasch (2016)

23 STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING Reservoir fairways and petroleum systems Messinian Salt - massive regional seal Cenozoic - stratigraphic reservoirs Upper Cretaceous/ Eocene Marls - regional seal - possible barrier for fluid flow Upper Cretaceous and Jurassic Carbonate Platforms Chouf Sand - possible reservoirs - distal extension towards basin I F P E N Barabasch (2016)

24 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL BASIN MODEL Stratigraphic Model - Depositional facies maps Petroleum System Basin Model - Petrophysical facies maps A common Facies/Petrophysical Library I F P E N Barabasch (2016)

25 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELLING SOURCE ROCKS TemisFlow TM basin model of the Levant Basin with simplified lithological facies (Bou Daher, 2015). Analytical Modelling (TOC, TIC, TS, RE, XRF, XRD, δ 13 C org, VRr, Macerals analyses, GC, GC-MS, kinetics) Bou Daher et al. (2014) Bou Daher et al. (2015) S. Bou Daher et al. (2016) I F P E N

26 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING Temperature C 330 C 280 C Northern Levant Basin 3D Petroleum Systems Modeling 227 C 174 C 120 C 67 C 14 C 100 km Bou Daher et al. (2016) I F P E N TemisFlow TM (Beicip-Franlab)

27 Offshore Margin MATURATION Onshore Mt. Lebanon Onshore Bekaa Valley Bou Daher et al. (2016) I F P E N

28 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS I F P E N Bou Daher et al. (2016)

29 PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELLING FAULTS FLUID MIGRATION AND PRESSURE Fault set up basin model at 0 Ma Increased vertical permeability for active faults Ghalayini et al. (2014) I F P E N

30 CONCLUSIONS RESULTS AND WAY FORWARD

31 Levant Basin Research Projects = Integrated Approach for Frontier Basin Studies Regional Synthesis F. Stratigraphic Model Crustal Model Hawie Papadimitriou Inati Bou Daher Grohmann Geodynamics Tectonics Stratigraphy Organic Matter Basin PS Model Ghalayini Symeou Evans Seismic Data I F P E N Towards forward stratigraphic / basin geo-models HC Maturity Bio/Thermogenic

32 12th workshop of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP) Task force on Sedimentary Basins (29 October 2 November 2017) Lithosphere Dynamics of Sedimentary Basins at Plate Boundaries & Related Analogues 2017 HORIZONS: Dynamics of landscape evolution and its interaction with deep Earth processes Coupling Earth observation methodologies to solid Earth dynamics Volcanism and related processes at all scales Sedimentary Basin systems and geo-resources Geo-hazards and sustainable geo-resources Rock-fluids interactions in sedimentary basins New concepts on the East-Med. geology I F P E N Call for Participation 1 Dec 2016 Registration 15 April 2017 Abstract Submission End 30 July 2017