Education Days Moscow Closing Session

Transcription

1 Education Days Moscow 2013 Basin and Petroleum Systems Modelling: Applications for Conventional and Unconventional Petroleum Exploration Risk and Resource Assessments By Dr Bjorn Wygrala Schlumberger November Closing Session

2 1. Opening Session: Industry Challenges and Opportunities Conventional Petroleum Systems 2. Deepwater and Salt 3. Structural Complexity 4. Reservoir in Petroleum Systems Modeling Theoretical Aspects 5. Temperature and Pressure 6. Petroleum Generation and Migration Unconventional Petroleum Systems 7. Shale Gas/Oil 8. Gas Hydrates 9. Closing Session: Petroleum Systems Modeling in Context 2

3 Geologic Risk Factors in Exploration Trap Risk - Prospect/fault geometry Reservoir Risk - Porosity/permeability Seal Risk - Capillary pressure, fault seal seal carrier/ reservoir carrier source Charge* Risk - Petroleum generation and expulsion - Petroleum migration, entrapment and loss - Timing relationship with structural evolution - Petroleum property predictions 3 * Charge is the volume of hydrocarbons available for entrapment

4 Geologic Risk Factors in Exploration Seal Trap Reservoir Charge 4

5 PetroMod 3D Petroleum Systems Model Campos Basin, Brazil Roncador oil field Jubarte oil field Play Oligocene- Miocene Play Upper Cretaceous Post-salt marine source rock Pre-salt lacustrine source rocks 5

6 PetroMod 3D Petroleum Systems Modeling Campos Basin, Brazil existing known fields and potentially charged prospects predicted hydrocarbon migration routes PetroMod salt mature source rocks 6

7 PetroMod 3D Modeling: Petroleum Property Predictions Petrobras Application of 3D Petroleum Systems Modeling for petroleum property prediction (Santos Basin, post-salt prospect) Pre-drilling prediction of petroleum charge history, volumetrics and properties (API gravities, GOR) Post-drilling results (discovery) 7 Courtesy of Petrobras

8 Exploration Workflow Requirements From megaregional screening to prospect/field scale Screen: Focus: Screening Workflows: - Cover large areas with sparse data - Basin to Play to Prospect scale - Rapid workflows - High uncertainties! Focussed Workflows: - add locally refined data - Basin to Play to Prospect scale - Efficient workflows - Reduce uncertainties! 8

9 PetroMod 3D Modeling: From Megaregional to Reservoir Scales Typical Model Size in Exploration: Regional Scale with about 10 million cells km MEGA-REGIONAL SCALE Total Hydrocarbon HC Resource Resource Assessment: Assessment Complete Entire Golf Mexican of Mexico, Gulf PEMEX of Mexico RESERVOIR SCALE Middle-East Oil Field KOC Kuwait km REGIONAL SCALE Exploration Risk Assessment: Campos Basin, Brasil km 9

10 10 Sparse Data

11 11 Interpretation on bitmap images

12 Interpretation on bitmap images Additional control points for surface modeling 12

13 Interpretation on bitmap images Additional control points for surface modeling 13

14 Interpretation on bitmap images TWT surface TWT <=> TVD Water velocity Overburden velocity based on thickness/compaction stage Additional control points for surface modeling 14

15 TVD surface 15

16 16 Frontier Exploration: Basement Structure Inferred from Radar Gravity

17 17 Rich Data

18 Gulf of Mexico: Geology from Seismic Sigsbee Escarpment Peripheral plain Green Knoll Post-salt sediments Salt diapir Salt sheet Salt diapir Turbidites Geological features : Salt features: salt sheets, diapir; salt dissolution; salinar tectonics Sedimentary features: turbidites, salt-sediment interaction Shallow drilling hazards: seafloor instability, shallow gas Laake and Fiduk, First Break, v.31, September 2103, p WesternGeco AL

19 Extraction of Geobodies: Salt Sutures and Impurities Structurally sharpened PSDM cube Geobodies Laake and Fiduk, First Break, v.31, September 2103, p WesternGeco AL

20 Geology from Seismic: Cut-out into turbidite, gas hydrate zone above salt Salt canopy Sigsbee Escarpment Green Knoll Gas hydrates Abyssal plain Faulted roof of salt diapir Shallow turbidite channel Laake and Fiduk, First Break, v.31, September 2103, p WesternGeco AL

21 21 Petroleum Resource Assessments

22 Petroleum Resource Assessment Workflow for conventionals and unconventionals G&G Data into Model Petroleum Systems Analysis and Mapping Statistical Analysis Risks and Resources Interpretation, mapping of Gross Depositional Environments and model construction Petroleum Systems Modeling of maturation, expulsion vs. retention, migration and accumulation Risk Mapping and definition of Assessment Units (ASU) Statistical assessment of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources Resource Mapping and Reporting 22

23 23 Conventionals and Unconventionals

24 Conventional Petroleum Systems and Processes In conventional petroleum systems, we are interested in the hydrocarbons that have been expelled from the source rocks Reservoir System loss Carrier System loss Source System source unit carrier source unit Basic processes: - generation - expulsion - migration - containment (accumulation/loss) 24

25 Unconventional Petroleum Systems and Processes 1 In unconventional petroleum systems, we are interested in the hydrocarbons that have been retained in the source rocks Source/Reservoir System source unit source unit Basic processes: - generation - retention - secondary cracking of oil to gas - containment (accumulation/loss) 25

26 Unconventional Petroleum Systems and Processes 2 In unconventional petroleum systems, we are interested in the hydrocarbons that have been retained in the source rocks... or migrated into juxtaposed, continuous organic-lean intervals loss Source/Carrier/Reservoir System source unit carrier source unit Shale-oil Resource Systems... are organic-rich mudstones that have generated oil that is stored in the organicrich mudstone intervals or migrated into juxtaposed, continuous organic-lean intervals. Thus these systems may include primary and secondary migrated oil. Jarvie,

27 1. Opening Session: Industry Challenges and Opportunities Conventional Petroleum Systems 2. Deepwater and Salt 3. Structural Complexity 4. Reservoir in Petroleum Systems Modeling Theoretical Aspects 5. Temperature and Pressure 6. Petroleum Generation and Migration Unconventional Petroleum Systems 7. Shale Gas/Oil 8. Gas Hydrates 9. Closing Session: Petroleum Systems Modeling in Context 27