The benthic processing of terrestrial organic matter on riverdominated margins
|
|
|
- Gordon McGee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The benthic processing of terrestrial organic matter on riverdominated margins Neal E. Blair Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth & Planetary Sciences Northwestern University Elana L. Leithold Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Robert C. Aller School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University
2 How will coupled systems react in a net sense to global change? Anticipated Perturbations: Climate (changes in precipitation and temperature) Landuse (humans are moving earth ~10x faster than nature) Modified from Carter et al. 2010
3 The World s Major Rivers ~19 Bt sediment/yr delivered to oceans via rivers ~9 Bt/yr from 1000 s of small, mountainous rivers (Milliman and Farnsworth, 2011) Variability in riverine OC input and dispersal makes each system nearly unique
4 2D Terrestrial OC (TOC) Reaction-transport model Dispersion (Suspension-deposition cycles) Vertical mixing Lateral Advection Burial Reaction (intrinsic/extrinsic controls) Dispersion-mixing Lateral Advection x Surface mixed x layer z CO 2, CH 4 Burial
5 Presentation Outline Nature and Reactivity of Riverine OC Lateral transport and effects Diagenetic processing Global overview
6 Waipaoa watershed, NZ Upland Particulate Organic C sources
7 Waipaoa watershed, NZ Lowland Particulate Organic C sources
8 POC types and reactivities Approximate age (log yrs) 0-1 Aquatic Non-woody Terrestrial 2-4 Woody Terrestrial Aged Soil OC Decreasing reactivity Decreasing k anoxic /k oxic 6-8 Fossil OC
9 Terrestrial Particulate OC Composition and Associations Blair and Aller, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci :
10 14 C-content of Riverine POC 38 rivers 134 measurements active margins passive margins Counts Riverine Particulate C org F mod Blair and Aller, 2012
11 The Storage Effect on River POC 1.2 Fmod of non-rock C Modern+aged soil C mixture Modern+ancient Bimodal mixture [Rock C], % dry wt
12 Terrestrial OC Dispersal Patterns River-margin morphologies McKee et al. 2004
13 Diffusive dispersion Depocenter Depocenter Hyperpycnal plume Advective transport Surface current
14 Waiapu Margin Surface and Bottom Flows 210 Pb 210 Pb Addington et al. 2007
15 Waiapu Margin Plant fibers CH 4 bubbles Surface plume dominated Highly bioturbated Gravity flow dominated Highly laminated Addington et al. 2007
16 Cannot produce hyperpycnal flows Can produce annual hyperpycnal flows Critical plunging concentration ~36 kg m -3 Mulder et al 2003
17 Hydrodynamic sorting Modification of Po River flood deposit (10/08) terrestrial marine Winnowing removes fined grained terrestrial material enriching for coarse-grained plant debris Tesi et al. 2008
18 Waipaoa River Sedimentary System Hydrodynamic sorting kerogen terrestrial modern marine aged marine %OC Floodplain 27 m 56 m 113 m 1198 m resuspension zone mid-shelf deposition basin outer shelf depositional lobe upper slope base of feeder canyon Depositional environments from Orpin et al. (2006) Brackley et al., 2010
19 NW Iberian margin: Hydrodynamic sorting of terrestrial components * *3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid/ vanillyl phenol Schmidt et al. 2010
20 Wetlands Continental Shelf Reactors Fluid muds Bioirrigated sediments Inner shelf sands Blair and Aller, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci :
21 Oxygen Exposure Time (OET) and Recalcitrant OC Degradation Washington margin % corroded pollen Distance offshore (km) Hedges et al 1999 Is OET a proxy for something else?
22 Blair and Aller, High productivity Upwelling regions Aggregation Short OET Typical River suspended sediments Nondeltaic shelf %C org Disaggregation, exposure Long OET Metabolic priming Energetic deltaic sediments Deep sea organics inorganics Clay Surface area (m 2 /g) Sand
23 Selective Degradation and Diagenetic Isotope Effects Waiapu shelf Remineralized OC (Porewater DIC) -20 δ 13 C Surface POC -26 Terrestrial Plants Kerogen POC Water depth (m) Dissolved inorganic C (DIC)
24 Selective Degradation and Diagenetic Isotope Effects 0 Waiapu Shelf Depth in seabed (cm) ~7000 yrs Sedimentary POC ~5000 yrs ~100 yrs Porewater DIC 0 yrs C/ 12 C (Fraction modern) POC (61 m) POC (108 m) POC (128 m) DIC (61 m) DIC (108 m) DIC (128 m)
25 Potential impact of shelf environment on selective degradation 1.2 Marine C org Marine ΣCO 2 F mod Riverine C org Seabed C org Porewater ΣCO 2 Amazon River C org Amazon shelf C org Amazon shelf ΣCO 2 Fly River C org Overlying water Gulf of Papua C org Gulf of Papua ΣCO Waiapu River C org Waiapu shelf C org Blair and Aller, 2012 Waiapu shelf ΣCO δ 13 C Fluid mud (C-incinerator) environments tend to produce more terrestrially-derived DIC and some is older.
26 Eel River (<4 um POC) δ s = f k δ k + f t δ t + f m δ m Δ s = f k Δ k + f t Δ t + f m Δ m 1 = f k + f t + f m Amazon POC 10 s of kms
27 Deep sea Transport and Fate of Terrestrial OC Turbidites
28 Madeira Abyssal Plain turbidites P5 C25-31 n-alkanes (ug/gdw) P25 C25-31 n-alkanes (ug/gdw) oxidized Depth into core (cm) oxidized Depth into core (cm) unoxidized unoxidized Σ8 (lignin mg/10 gdw) Σ8 (lignin mg/10 gdw) Lignin Plant waxes Cowie et al 1995, Prahl et al 1997 Is this the only story?
29 OC Burial Efficiency Normal marine Euxinic and semi-euxinic Low O 2 BW %C org preserved Net dry sediment accumulation rate (g cm -2 yr -1 ) Modified from Henrichs & Reeburgh 1987, Canfield 1994.
30 OC Burial Efficiency %C org preserved Normal marine Euxinic and semi-euxinic Low O 2 BW Ganges-Brahmaputra (terrestrial C) Rhone (primarily terrestrial C) Congo Slope (A + C) Congo Slope Adjacent to Canyon (D + R) Congo Axial Lobe Net dry sediment accumulation rate (g cm -2 yr -1 ) Blair and Aller 2012 Rabouille et al 2009 (Congo)
31 OC Burial Efficiency 100 Normal marine Euxinic and semi-euxinic Low O 2 BW 80 Ganges-Brahmaputra (terrestrial C) %C org preserved SMRs Eel (<4μ terrestrial C) Waipaoa (terrestrial C) Waiapu (terrestrial C) Mackenzie (terrestrial C) Rhone (primarily terrestrial C) Taiwanese Rivers (terrestrial C) Congo Slope (A + C) Congo Slope Adjacent to Canyon (D + R) Congo Axial Lobe Net dry sediment accumulation rate (g cm -2 yr -1 ) Rapid episodic deposition + unreactive kerogen = high burial efficiencies
32 OC Burial Efficiency %C org preserved SMRs Fluid muds Net dry sediment accumulation rate (g cm -2 yr -1 ) Normal marine Euxinic and semi-euxinic Low O 2 BW Amazon (marine C) Amazon (terrestrial C) Mississippi (marine C) Mississippi (terresrial C) Fly-Purari, Gulf of Papua (marine C) Fly-Purari, Gulf of Papua (terrestrial C) Changjiang (terrestrial C) Ganges-Brahmaputra (terrestrial C) Eel (<4μ terrestrial C) Waipaoa (terrestrial C) Waiapu (terrestrial C) Mackenzie (terrestrial C) Rhone (primarily terrestrial C) Taiwanese Rivers (terrestrial C) Congo Slope (A + C) Congo Slope Adjacent to Canyon (D + R) Congo Axial Lobe Extensive OET in fluid muds = low burial efficiencies Note terrestrial > marine Blair and Aller 2012
33 Global River C org fluxes to the ocean, burial and remineralization rates, and preservation efficiency in seabed Flux or rate Tg C/yr River particulate C org to ocean (total) Kerogen C Non-kerogen C Terrestrial C org burial Terrestrial C org remineralized Global preservation efficiency (%) Blair and Aller, 2012
34 Contrasting active and passive margin serial transport reaction systems Efficient burial & export of POC to deep-sea Extensive biogeochemical recycling Export of dissolved materials to open ocean Blair and Aller, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci :
Oil. Oil. Early common mistakes in the oil business.
Oil www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/history/pennsylvania/pennsylvania.html Early common mistakes in the oil business Oil www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/history/pennsylvania/pennsylvania.html 1 Climate More recent common
Early diagenesis in marine sediments
Early diagenesis in marine sediments Why study this part of the ocean? Particle flux to the sea floor ocean surface sediments early diagenesis layer Biogeochemical reactions Why study this part of the
Zou Zou Kuzyk Assistant Professor Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS) & Geological Sciences, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth
Zou Zou Kuzyk Assistant Professor Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS) & Geological Sciences, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth and Resources University of Manitoba (with input from
Global phosphorus cycle
Global phosphorus cycle OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 11 April 2013 2013 Arisa Okazaki and Kathleen Ruttenberg Outline 1. Introduction on global phosphorus (P) cycle 2. Terrestrial environment 3. Atmospheric
Unbioturbated Marine Mudstones: Environmental Stress or Rapid Deposition? A Worked Example from the Ordovician Beach Formation, Newfoundland, Canada*
Unbioturbated Marine Mudstones: Environmental Stress or Rapid Deposition? A Worked Example from the Ordovician Beach Formation, Newfoundland, Canada* Dario Harazim 1, Duncan McIlroy 1, Joe Macquaker 1,
Reading Material. See class website. Sediments, from Oceanography M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall
Reading Material See class website Sediments, from Oceanography M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall Materials filling ocean basins Dissolved chemicals especially from rivers and mid-ocean ridges (volcanic eruptions)
Terrestrial Organic Carbon inputs to the Oceans - II. Carbon isotopic compositions of leaf wax biomarkers
Terrestrial Organic Carbon inputs to the Oceans - II Some additional light reading: Guo et al., 2004. Characterization of Siberian Arctic coastal sediments: Implications for terrestrial organic carbon
Global Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I Reservoirs and Fluxes OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 13 November 2012 Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 Outline 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs 3. The contemporary
Global Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs Outline 3. The contemporary global C cycle 4. Fluxes and residence
Riverine Carbon and the Sedimentary Record on the Continental Shelves
Riverine Carbon and the Sedimentary Record on the Continental Shelves Stefano Miserocchi and Leonardo Langone Istituto Scienze Marine, Sede di Bologna-Geologia Marina (formerly Istituto di Geologia Marina)
C age of bulk organic carbon in surface marine sediments
Particulate organic carbon transport between and within the terrestrial and marine environment Suggested Reading Lateral transport of POC Ohkouchi et al 22 Science 298 1224-1227. Mollenhauer & Eglinton
Terrestrial Plants 900 GT C Terrestrial Primary Production 75 GT C/yr. River flux 0.5 GT C/yr. Carbonates 60,000,000 GT C
Most of the organic carbon on earth is stored in long term deposits (shales, coals, sedimentary rocks) that represent a leak from the contemporary C cycle Terrestrial Plants 900 GT C Terrestrial Primary
Making Sediments: Biogenic Production, Carbonate Saturation and Sediment Distributions
Making Sediments: Biogenic Production, Carbonate Saturation and Sediment Distributions OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapters 15 and 16 Outline I. Deep sea sedimentation Detrital sediments
What are the mechanisms of C preservation?
What are the mechanisms of C preservation? Primary production: The higher PP, the higher the flux of OM, the more rapidly the C/N/P transits the reactive zone of active C degradation. Oxygen: Anaerobic
Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment
Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary
Question. What caused the recent explosive eruptions of hot ash and gas at Kilauea s Halema uma u crater:
OCN 201 Deep Sea Sediments Question What caused the recent explosive eruptions of hot ash and gas at Kilauea s Halema uma u crater: A. The interaction of lava with seawater B. Drainage of the lava lake
14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor
14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor The ocean floor regions are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor, and the mid-ocean ridge. 14.2 Ocean Floor Features Continental Margins A continental
Chemistry in Sediments: Aerobic to Anaerobic Diagenesis
Chemistry in Sediments: Aerobic to Anaerobic Diagenesis OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography Reading: Libes, Chapter 12 Why Study Sediments? Very large surface area of sediments with respect to the volume of
Sedimentary Basins. Gerhard Einsele. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Gerhard Einsele Sedimentary Basins Evolution, Facies, and Sediment Budget With 269 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents Part I Types
Oil & Gas. From exploration to distribution. Week 1 V05 Origin of hydrocarbon resources part 1. Jean-Pierre Deflandre
Oil & Gas From exploration to distribution Week 1 V05 Origin of hydrocarbon resources part 1 Jean-Pierre Deflandre W1V5 Origin of hydrocarbon resources1 p. 1 Introduction to hydrocarbon resources You will
ES120 Sedimentology/Stratigraphy
Midterm Exam 5/05/08 NAME: 1. List or describe 3 physical processes that contribute to the weathering of rocks (3pts). exfoliation frost wedging many others. roots, thermal expansion/contraction also credit
Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures
Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the
Sediment Deposition and Reworking: A Modeling Study Using Isotopically Tagged Sediment Classes. A Thesis. Presented to
Sediment Deposition and Reworking: A Modeling Study Using Isotopically Tagged Sediment Classes A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia
Global Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes
OCN 401-10 Nov. 16, 2010 KCR Global Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes The Global carbon cycle Reservoirs: biomass on land in the oceans, atmosphere, soil and rocks, waters Processes:
Processes affecting continental shelves
Marine Sediments Continental Shelves Processes affecting continental shelves 1. Glaciation 2. Sea-level change (±130 m during continental glaciation) 3. Waves and currents 4. Sedimentation 5. Carbonate
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into
SCOPE 35 Scales and Global Change (1988)
1. Types and origins of marine sediments 2. Distribution of sediments: controls and patterns 3. Sedimentary diagenesis: (a) Sedimentary and organic matter burial (b) Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition
Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018
Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Quiz 2 scheduled for Friday Feb 23 (Interlude B, Chapters 6,7) Questions? Chapter 6 Pages of the Past: Sedimentary Rocks Key Points for today Be
UNRAVELING THE HISTORY OF A LANDSCAPE: Using geomorphology, tephrochronology, and stratigraphy. Photo by: Josh Roering
UNRAVELING THE HISTORY OF A LANDSCAPE: Using geomorphology, tephrochronology, and stratigraphy Photo by: Josh Roering Photo: Eric Bilderback Photo by: Josh Roering Goal 1. Reconstruct the paleo-landscape
S= 95.02% S= 4.21% 35. S=radioactive 36 S=0.02% S= 0.75% 34 VI V IV III II I 0 -I -II SO 4 S 2 O 6 H 2 SO 3 HS 2 O 4- S 2 O 3
SULFUR ISOTOPES 32 S= 95.02% 33 S= 0.75% 34 S= 4.21% 35 S=radioactive 36 S=0.02% S-H S-C S=C S-O S=O S-F S-Cl S-S VI V IV III II I 0 -I -II SO 4 2- S 2 O 6 2- H 2 SO 3 HS 2 O 4- S 2 O 3 2- S 2 F 2 S H
Hydrological Cycle Rain and rivers OUTLINE
Hydrological Cycle Rain and rivers The Hydrosphere Rain and rivers OUTLINE 1 Generalizations (non-political conservatism) Conservative (not affected) and Non-Conservative (affected) Ions Distinction: whether
Carbon Exchanges between the Continental Margins and the Open Ocean
Carbon Exchanges between the Continental Margins and the Open Ocean Outline: 1. Introduction to problem 2. Example of how circulation can export carbon to open ocean 3. Example of how particle transport
Baseline biogeochemical data from Australia s continental margin links seabed sediments to water column characteristics
Marine and Freshwater Research, 2017, 68, 1593 1617 CSIRO 2017 Supplementary material Baseline biogeochemical data from Australia s continental margin links seabed sediments to water column characteristics
Sedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Ocean Sediments. Key Concepts
Ocean Sediments Key Concepts 1. What are the processes that control what types of sediments are deposited in which places? 2. Conversely, how can we use the sedimentary record to figure out tectonic and
Sedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 100. Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Influence of the Major Drainages to the Mississippi River and Implications for System Level Management
Influence of the Major Drainages to the Mississippi River and Implications for System Level Management Brian M. Vosburg Geologist Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority brian.vosburg@la.gov
GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5 Sedimentation Rocks Formed by Surface Processes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Mineralogy of sandstones Key Figure 5.12
The Environmental Importance of Microbial Sulfate Reduction and Disproportionation: Insights from SIMS-based δ34s Measurements
The Environmental Importance of Microbial Sulfate Reduction and Disproportionation: Insights from SIMS-based δ34s Measurements David A. Fike Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA Metabolism Environment
Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa
Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Oceans: The Last Frontier Foundations, 6e - Chapter 9 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The vast world ocean Earth is often referred
GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 2: Rivers and Deltas
GY 111 Lecture Notes D. Haywick (2008-09) 1 GY 111 Lecture Note Series Sedimentary Environments 2: Rivers and Deltas Lecture Goals A) Rivers and Deltas (types) B) Water Flow and sedimentation in river/deltas
XI. the natural carbon cycle. with materials from J. Kasting (Penn State)
XI. the natural carbon cycle with materials from J. Kasting (Penn State) outline properties of carbon the terrestrial biological cycle of carbon the ocean cycle of carbon carbon in the rock cycle overview
Sediment and Sedimentary rock
Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces
Depositional Environment
Depositional Environment Sedimentary depositional environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment. Types
Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments: Controls, Mechanisms, and an Imbalance in Sediment Organic Carbon Budgets?
Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 467 485 467 Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments: Controls, Mechanisms, and an Imbalance in Sediment Organic Carbon Budgets? David J. Burdige* Department of Ocean, Earth
Ocean Sediments OCN Nov 2016
Ocean Sediments OCN 401 10 Nov 2016 Outline Significance & terms Origin & distribution of major types of marine sediments Delivery - dissolution destruction mid-ocean ridges Significance of ocean sediments
Year 6. Geography. Revision
Year 6 Geography Revision November 2017 Rivers and World knowledge How the water cycle works and the meaning of the terms evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, surface run-off, groundwater
Marine Sediments. Introductory Oceanography. Ray Rector: Instructor
Marine Sediments Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector: Instructor Ocean Basins are Vast Sinks for Huge Amounts of Sediment from Numerous Different Sources Four Major Types of Seafloor Sediments 1. Lithogenous
Chapter 5. The Sedimentary Archives
Chapter 5 The Sedimentary Archives Factors affecting Sedimentary Characteristics 1. Tectonic setting 2. Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the depositional environment 3. Method of sediment
Sedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Marine Science and Oceanography
Marine Science and Oceanography Marine geology- study of the ocean floor Physical oceanography- study of waves, currents, and tides Marine biology study of nature and distribution of marine organisms Chemical
Influence of the human perturbation on carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen biogeochemical cycles in the global coastal ocean
Pergamon PII S0016-7037(01)00760-8 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 65, No. 21, pp. 3615 3641, 2001 Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/01 $20.00.00
David Piper and Atika Karim ABSTRACT
David Piper and Atika Karim ABSTRACT Hyperpycnal flow deposits, or delta-front turbidites, are becoming increasingly recognised as important components of some deltaic systems. The presence of Bouma Tabce
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 13 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 13 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
Ocean Floor. Continental Margins. Divided into 3 major regions. Continental Margins. Ocean Basins. Mid-Ocean Ridges. Include:
Ocean Floor Divided into 3 major regions Continental Margins Ocean Basins Mid-Ocean Ridges Continental Margins Include: Continental Shelves Continental Slopes Continental Rise 1 Continental Shelves Part
Lecture 16 - Stable isotopes
Lecture 16 - Stable isotopes 1. The fractionation of different isotopes of oxygen and their measurement in sediment cores has shown scientists that: (a) ice ages are common and lasted for hundreds of millions
Seasonal Changes in the Mekong River Delta's Distributary Channels and Nearshore Sedimentary Environments
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Seasonal Changes in the Mekong River Delta's Distributary Channels and Nearshore Sedimentary Environments Paul Liu & David
The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle: CO 2,the greenhouse effect, & climate feedbacks. Assigned Reading: Kump et al. (1999) The Earth System, Chap. 7.
The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle: CO 2,the greenhouse effect, & climate feedbacks Assigned Reading: Kump et al. (1999) The Earth System, Chap. 7. Overhead Transparencies Faint Faint Young Sun Paradox Young
Sand. Sand is any eroded material (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary) that has a grain size from 1/16 th to 2 millimeters in size.
Sedimentology 001 What is sedimentology? Sedimentology...encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand [1], mud (silt) [2] andclay [3] and understanding the processes that deposit them.[4] It
The Ocean Floor Chapter 14. Essentials of Geology, 8e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College
The Ocean Floor Chapter 14 Essentials of Geology, 8e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College The vast world ocean Earth is often referred to as the water planet 71% of Earth s surface
Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands
Page - 1 Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands Section A Overview of Lands with Dry Climates The definition of a dry climate is tied to an understanding of the hydrologic cycle
Chapter 3 Sedimentation of clay minerals
Chapter 3 Sedimentation of clay minerals 3.1 Clay sedimentation on land 3.2 From land to sea 3.3 Clay sedimentation in the sea 1 3.1 Clay sedimentation on land Deserts Glaciers Rivers Lacustrine 2 University
Sediment Distribution and Characteristics
Sediment Distribution and Characteristics Sediments at the bottom of ponds are a source or sink for nutrients in relation to the water column, contribute to turbidity during storm events, serve as the
DISPERSAL AND TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON ACROSS AN EPISODIC, HIGH SEDIMENT DISCHARGE CONTINENTAL MARGIN,
DISPERSAL AND TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON ACROSS AN EPISODIC, HIGH SEDIMENT DISCHARGE CONTINENTAL MARGIN, WAIPAOA SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM, NEW ZEALAND. Hannah L. Brackley a,, Neal E. Blair b, Noel A. Trustrum
Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity and ph
Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity and ph OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 15 March 2018 Reading: Libes, Chapter 15, pp. 383 389 (Remainder of chapter will be used with the classes Global Carbon Dioxide and Biogenic
Main issues of Deltas
Global sediment supply to coastal seas and oceans; location of major river deltas RIVER DELTAS Depositional processes - Course Coastal Morphodynamics GEO3-436; lecture 4 Nile Delta, Egypt Solo Delta, Java,
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION!
Sed and Strat EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION! 2/27 Lecture 7- Exposure: Weathering and the Sediment Factory 3/04 Lecture 8 - Rivers and Landscapes 3/06 Lecture 9 - Waves (not Tides) 3/11 Lecture
Particle fluxes along the western Svalbard margin: one-year mooring deployment
Particle fluxes along the western Svalbard margin: one-year mooring deployment L. Langone I. Conese, F. Giglio, S. Miserocchi, S. Aliani (CNR-ISMAR) Preliminary results from experiments: a) Offshore Storfjorden
MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA OVERVIEW
MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA OVERVIEW Science and Engineering Special Team Conference Louisiana State University October 9, 2012 Introduction Basics of the Mississippi Delta Natural and Human-Induced Land Loss
2 Respiration patterns in the deep ocean
2 Respiration patterns in the deep ocean Johan Henrik Andersson, Jeroen W. M. Wijsman, Peter M. J. Herman, Jack J. Middelburg, Karline Soetaert and Carlo Heip, 2004, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L03304,
Continent-Ocean Interaction: Role of Weathering
Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics (Build. B5c) Room 0/13 email: Guy.Munhoven@ulg.ac.be Phone: 04-3669771 28th February 2018 Organisation of the Lecture 1 Carbon cycle processes time scales modelling:
Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Banded Iron Formation
Rocks and the Rock Cycle Banded Iron Formation Rocks Big rocks into pebbles, Pebbles into sand. I really hold a million, million Rocks here in my hand. Florence Parry Heide How do rocks change? How are
Laboratory Exercise #3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Running Water Processes
Laboratory Exercise #3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Running Water Processes page - 1 Section A - The Hydrologic Cycle Figure 1 illustrates the hydrologic cycle which quantifies how water is cycled throughout
OCN 201: Deep-Sea Sediments
OCN 201: Deep-Sea Sediments Eric Heinen De Carlo, F2011 Where is the Sediment? Continental Margins: 87% (covers ~21% of ocean area) Deep-ocean floor: 13% ~21% ~87% Sediment Deposition Rates (time to deposit
The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks
The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed of: Fragments of other rocks Chemical precipitates Organic matter or biochemically produced materials The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary
An Investigation of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Strength in Response to Changes in Climate. Presented by Matt Laffin
An Investigation of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Strength in Response to Changes in Climate Presented by Matt Laffin Presentation Outline Introduction to Marine Sediment as a Proxy Introduction to McCave
LETTER. Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion
doi:0.038/nature4400 Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion Valier Galy, Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink & Timothy Eglinton,2 Riverine export of particulate organic carbon
Paleo Lab #4 - Sedimentary Environments
Paleo Lab #4 - Sedimentary Environments page - 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENT Grain size and grain shape: The sizes and shapes of sedimentary particles (grains) are modified considerably during their transportation
SEAFLOOR CHARACTERIZATION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC BENTHIC PROFILING
SEAFLOOR CHARACTERIZATION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC BENTHIC PROFILING Hendrik Müller Christian Hilgenfeldt Tilo von Dobeneck Benjamin Baasch Thomas Frederichs MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (University
Understanding Earth Fifth Edition
Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Press Siever Chapter 5: SEDIMENTATION: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes Lecturer: H Mohammadzadeh Assistant professors, Department of Geology, FUM Copyright
UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WHAT ARE SEDIMENTS Sediments are loose Earth materials (unconsolidated materials) such as sand which are transported by the action of water, wind, glacial ice and gravity. These
Ocean Basins, Bathymetry and Sea Levels
Ocean Basins, Bathymetry and Sea Levels Chapter 4 Please read chapter 5: sediments for next class and start chapter 6 on seawater for Thursday Basic concepts in Chapter 4 Bathymetry the measurement of
Understanding The Seafloor. Dr. Frank R. Hall. Resources for pictures, etc. used in this presentation
Slide 1 Understanding The Seafloor Dr. Frank R. Hall Geological Oceanographer University of New Orleans New Orleans, LA 2003 This is a presentation prepared in the Summer 2003 for the Gulf Coast COSSEE
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 2, Week 10, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 2, Week 10, Day 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: PREPARE 1. Background knowledge necessary for today s reading. Beaches are created by the actions of waves, tides,
Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs. LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes
Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes Last week we covered the basic types of rocks and the rock cycle. This lab concentrates on sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks have special
Lecture 1: Scope, assessment and structure of course; Introduction to Sedimentology and Basic Definitions: uses and applications of Sedimentology.
GEOL 440 Sedimentology and stratigraphy: processes, environments and deposits Jim Best MWF: Lectures and F: Laboratory Class Bruce Fouke Lecture 1: Scope, assessment and structure of course; Introduction
DATA REPOSITORY ITEM APPENDIX: MODEL SET-UP. The model, the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS, Regnier et al.
DATA REPOSITORY ITEM 2009063 APPENDIX: MODEL SET-UP The model, the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS, Regnier et al., 2003; Aguilera et al., 2005), is a simplified version of the one developed
5 Stable and radioactive isotopes
5 Stable and radioactive isotopes Outline 1 Stable isotopes Measuring stable isotopic abundances Equilibrium isotope effects Kinetic isotope effects Rayleigh distillation Isotopes: a mainstay of chemical
Old carbon in the modern marine environment
Old carbon in the modern marine environment Possible origin(s) of non-zero 14 C ages for OC carbon in marine surface sediments: 1. Delivery of pre-aged terrestrial OC of vascular plant origin 2. Relict
ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE!
ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE! WHAT PROMINENT FEATURE CAN YOU IDENTIFY IN THIS PICTURE? What do you think the different colors represent? Who might find such a picture
Hydrothermal Chemistry/ Reverse Weathering. Marine Chemistry Seminar
Hydrothermal Chemistry/ Reverse Weathering Marine Chemistry Seminar 1974 Drever, The Sea Chapter 10:The Magnesium Problem 1979 Edmonds et al., Ridge Crest Hydrothermal Activity and the Balances of Major
Physics of Aquatic Systems II
Physics of Aquatic Systems II 10. C-Dating Werner Aeschbach-Hertig Institute of Environmental Physics University of Heidelberg 1 Contents of Session 10 General principles of C dating Conventional C age,
Lecture 05: Ocean Basins. Hypsometric Curve. Consider Ocean Basins: What is the elevation of Chambana?
Lecture 05: Ocean Basins 1 Hypsometric Curve What is the elevation of Chambana? Shows distribution of surface relative to sea level ~67% below sea level Mean ocean depth ~ -3.7 km (well below sea level)
Problem Set #4 ANSWER KEY Fall 2009 Due: 9:30, Monday, Nov 30
OCN 520 Problem Set #4 ANSWER KEY Fall 2009 Due: 9:30, Monday, Nov 30 1. Two-Box Ocean Model The B Flux Using a 2 box model like the one you have worked on in problem set #4 (question 1) assume the following
Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks
Name: Date: Earth Science 11: Earth Materials, Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 1, pages 56 to 66 2.4: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rock Formation All sedimentary rocks form through compaction and cementation
NAME: GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test.
GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test. 1. Sketch a map view of three types of deltas showing the differences in river,
Lecture Marine Provinces
Lecture Marine Provinces Measuring bathymetry Ocean depths and topography of ocean floor Sounding Rope/wire with heavy weight Known as lead lining Echo sounding Reflection of sound signals 1925 German
Image: G. Parker. Presenters: Henry Chan, Kayla Ireland, Mara Morgenstern, Jessica Palmer, Megan Scott
Image: G. Parker Presenters: Henry Chan, Kayla Ireland, Mara Morgenstern, Jessica Palmer, Megan Scott Is the Ross Formation a suitable analog for sand-rich turbidite plays in passive margin basins? Play:
Rockall Plateau. OCN 201: Shelf Sediments
Rockall Plateau OCN 201: Shelf Sediments Classification by Size Classification by Mode of Formation Detrital sediments Transported and deposited as particles Derived from weathering of pre-existing rocks
FINAL REPORT. AASERT Award: Augmentation of studies into the Formation of Sedimentary Strata on Continental Margins
FINAL REPORT AASERT Award: Augmentation of studies into the Formation of Sedimentary Strata on Continental Margins Roger D. Flood Marine Sciences Research Center State University of New York Stony Brook,