Marine Non-Native Species Awareness Workshop: Bryozoans and Ascidians

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1 Marine Non-Native Species Awareness Workshop: Bryozoans and Ascidians 3 March 2010 JOHN S. RYLAND, Pure & Applied Ecology, Swansea University (j.s.ryland@swan.ac.uk)

2 Dramatis Personae 5 bryozoan species Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886 Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960 Tricellaria inopinata d Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 Watersipora subtorquata (d Orbigny, 1852) 6 ascidian species Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1928 Botrylloides cf. diegensis Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 Corella eumyota Traustedt, 1882 Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 Perophora japonica Oka, 1927 Styela clava Herdmann, 1882 Non-Natives

3 B A ovicell C Bugula neritina: A, B live colony, Bermuda; C, live zooids, St Peter Port, Channel Islands, 2006 (Photo: Richard Lord); D, zooids, with scale Non-Natives D

4 Distribution in northwest Europe of Bugula neritina (as of 2009) Mid-C20 distribution (heated with power station effluent) Occurrences since 2000 Prior to 1912 Non-Natives

5 Colour morphs of Bugula neritina: L, normal purple colour; R, pale brown colony Non-Natives 2010 (absence of purple in polypide). Source: Plymouth (photo: John Bishop). 5

6 Bugula simplex and B. stolonifera Look for: Colony colour Zooid size Ovicell shape and position Presence or absence of avicularia Number of spines on the distal angles of the zooids (0, 1 or 2) Figures from Hayward & Ryland The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe (1990) Non-Natives

7 Occurrences of Bugula simplex C19 Mid C20 C21 Non-Natives

8 Non-Natives 2010 Bugula stolonifera 8

9 Tricellaria inopinata Cork Harbour, Ireland Non-Natives Neyland marina, Milford Haven, Wales

10 Tricellaria inopinata Plate of T. inopinata from Hans De Blauwe s new book: Mosdiertjes van de Zuidlijke Bocht van de Nordzee [Moss animals of the Southern Bight of the North Sea], VLIZ, Ostend 2009) Non-Natives

11 Origin and spread of Tricellaria inopinata Next slide Non-Natives

12 Northern occurrences of Tricellaria inopinata Mainly from De Blauwe & Faase (2001), Arenas et al. (2006); and John Bishop, Liz Cook, Judith Oakley & JSR, unpublished data) x x x x x Non-Natives

13 Watersipora subtorquata A, B, E Orange form, marina, St Peter Port, Guernsey (Photos: Richard Lord); C, D Black form, open shore, St-Jacut-de-la-Mer, north coast of Brittany. (Zooids ~ 1 mm in length.) Non-Natives E

14 LEFT Shore at St-Jacutde-la-Mer, north Brittany (low spring tide, May 2008) and Watersipora subtorquata on rock surface; lower shore RIGHT Non-Natives

15 Occurrence of Watersipora subtorquata colonies in St Peter Port harbour, Guernsey, June 2007 Non-Natives

16 Orange form in marinas Black form associated with Pacific oyster imports Watersipora subovoidea ( ) and W. subtorquata (, ) ? Non-Natives W. subovoidea occurs throughout the Mediterranean basin

17 Dramatis Personae 5 bryozoan species Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) Bugula simplex Hincks Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960 Tricellaria inopinata d Hondt & Ochipinti Ambrogi, 1985 Watersipora subtorquata (d Orbigny, 1852) 6 ascidian species Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1928 Botrylloides cf. diegensis Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 Corella eumyota Traustedt, 1882 Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 Perophora japonica Oka, 1927 Styela clava Herdmann, 1882 Non-Natives

18 European Distribution of Styela clava (map from Davis & Davis, JEMBE (2007)) Non-Natives

19 A reunion in Plymouth! Styela clava and Perophora japonica (Courtesy John Bishop) Non-Natives

20 Perophora japonica Oka, mm Above and below: on bryozoans Photo: Richard Lord A colonial (budding) phlebobranch Native range: Japan, Korea (Courtesy John Bishop) Non-Natives

21 Non-Natives Corella eumyota, Neyland marina, Milford Haven, 2008

22 Botrylloides violaceus, Milford Haven Non-Natives

23 Alien ascidian occurrences (mostly from Arenas et al., JMBA (2006) Botrylloides violaceus Corella eumyota Perophora japonica Non-Natives

24 About literature The following are available on request Ryland J.S., De Blauwe, H., Lord, R. & Mackie, J.A Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa 2093: [PDF available me: Available by request or by download if you have a USB memory stick: Corrected key to ascidian species for: Hayward & Ryland Handbook of the marine fauna of northwest Europe (there is a duplication in the published key that makes it very difficult to use) (RTF file) Draft entry (including key to species) for family 10C BOTRYLLINAE (Botryllus, Botrylloides) for 2 nd edition of Hayward & Ryland Handbook of the marine fauna of north-west Europe (in preparation) (RTF file) Ryland, J.S., De Blauwe, H., Mackie, J.A., & Minchin, D Arrival and spread of invasive marine bryozoans in Atlantic Europe. Published abstract (with map), p 58 in Frid, C.L.J., et al. (eds) Marine biology in time and space: abstracts from the 44 th European Marine Biology Symposium, University of Liverpool, 196 pp. (PDF) Non-Natives

25 Thanks to the following for supplying distributional data or some other form of assistance: Hans De Blauwe John Bishop Liz Cook Richard Lord Dan Minchin Judith Oakley Anna Occhipinti Scott Tompsett THE END THANK YOU Non-Natives

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