Colony formation in the Cheilostomatous Bryozoan Fenestrulina Malusii var. Thykeophora
|
|
- Ezra Knight
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: Colony formation in the Cheilostomatous Bryozoan Fenestrulina Malusii var. Thykeophora D. P. Gordon To cite this article: D. P. Gordon (1971) Colony formation in the Cheilostomatous Bryozoan Fenestrulina Malusii var. Thykeophora, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 5:2, , DOI: / To link to this article: Published online: 30 Mar Submit your article to this journal Article views: 56 View related articles Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
2 342 [JUNE COLONY FORMATION IN THE CHEILOSTOMATOUS BRYOZOAN FENESTRULINA MALUSII VAR. THYKEOPHORA D. P. GORDON* Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand (Received for publication 14 April 1970) ABSTRACT The early stages of colony formation of Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora are described, and notes on two other species are included for comparison. In Fenestrulina, early budding patterns are very variable, although some patterns are commoner than others. At the 3-zooid stage of colony formation there is usually temporary suppression of budding on one side, with the result that the three first-generation zooids produced from the ancestrula arise 1, 2, 4 in the commonest budding sequence rather than 1, 2, 3; budding patterns may be considerably modified when colonies are obstructed. In Fenestrulina and Eurystomella foraminigera the first zooid budded from the ancestrula lies in the distal midline whereas the second zooid occupies this position in Crassimarginatella papulifera. In all three species the proximal periancestrular zooids are not budded directly from the ancestrula but belong to the third zooidal generation. INTRODUCTION The patterns of budding during the development of bryozoan colonies are very variable. For a number of species, the early stages following the establishment of the ancestrula by larval metamorphosis have been described by many workers, but no one has ever determined the number and frequency of occurrence of the growth patterns that a species may exhibit. This paper describes the colony development (astogeny) of an incrusting cheilostome to demonstrate the variability in budding patterns found in a single species. Notes on two other species are included for comparison. The ways in which zooid buds are formed during astogeny is described by Gordon (in press). MATERIALS AND METHODS The three species Fenestrulina malusii (Audouin) var. thyreophora Busk, Eurystomella foraminigera (Hincks), and Crassimarginatella papulifera (MacGillivray) were collected from an intertidal rocky platform at Goat Island Bay, near Leigh, North Island, New Zealand. During the summer of Fenestrulina larvae settled in large numbers on a variety of surfaces. The numbers and frequency of occurrence of different budding patterns during colony formation were recorded from the numerous ancestrulae and young colonies available. *Present address: Biology Dept, Dalhousie Univerity, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. N.Z. Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5 (2) :
3 1971] GORDON COLONY FORMATION IN Fenestrulina 343 Some colonies kept in aquaria at the Leigh Marine Laboratory were followed through a succession of budding stages, but most records of these stages were obtained by microscopic examination of colonies from the shore. One can fairly quickly determine the budding sequences of very young colonies according to the development of the feeding polypides and the degree of calcification of the frontal walls. Sequences are easy to determine in this way up to stage V in colony development. Only for a small number of colonies could the sequences of development at and beyond stage V be recorded. RESULTS Astogeny of Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora Zooid development is sequential in the early stages, and no two zooids arise simultaneously. The ancestrula buds off the first zooid in the distal midline. The positions of the next zooid to develop, and of all the other zooids which will arise subsequently, are variable. This variability is shown in Fig. 1; there are three possible positions for zooid 2, five for zooid 3, and eleven for zooid 4. Only seven positions (two in one colony) were noted for zooid 5 because this is the stage at which accurate recording of sequences becomes difficult. At stage V zooids in different parts of a colony start to develop simultaneously. Certain growth patterns are commoner than others. In the two main patterns found in stage III (14 and 16 times) only two first-generation zooids are formed, with the suppression of one disto-lateral zooid. Such suppression of one side was noted in some species by Waters (1924). Colonies are more or less symmetrical after stage IV. There is no apparent tendency to anticlockwise development, although Medd (1966) found this condition to be common in Cretaceous membraniporine bryozoans. I have noticed it sometimes in unobstructed colonies of Crepidacantha crinispina Levinsen, Fenestrulina malusii, and Crassimarginatella papulifera. As the number of distal and disto-lateral zooids increases, new zooids are budded off proximally (Fig. 2). Zooids from both sides meet at the proximal end of the ancestrula and the colony assumes the beginnings of its later circular form. In Fenestrulina, the development of proximally directed zooids may begin immediately after the formation of the first zooidal generation (bottom of stage V in Fig. 1). However, development of the proximal zooids may be postponed until there are 50 or more in the colony. Thereafter, the colony usually radiates outward in centrifugal fashion, maintaining its circular form until obstructed. The patterns of growth shown in Fig. 1 are of unobstructed colonies of Fenestrulina. The budding sequence and directions of growth may be modified by external factors. Larvae frequently metamorphose against such impediments as prominences on rock surfaces or in broken polychaete tubes. Development which is impeded on one side usually proceeds in a direction which is directly or obliquely opposite to the obstructed side (Fig. 3).
4 344 N.Z. JOURNAL OF MARINE & FRESHWATER RESEARCH [JUNE 0 FIG. 1 Alternative budding sequences in the early astogeny of Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora colonies from Leigh, N.Z., A refers to the ancestrula, 1-5 refers to the order of development of the daughter zooids. The numbers beneath each colony represent the number of times that the particular sequence was recorded. The Roman numerals refer to groups of colonies arranged in the figure according to the stage at which zooid 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 arises.
5 1971] GORDON COLONY FORMATION IN Fenestrulina 345 B FIG. 2 A 16-zooid colony of Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora from Leigh, N.Z., , with three zooidal generations; B diagrammatic representations of A (depicted according to the method of Harmer 1931) showing the origins of the zooid generations and the sequences in which they arose: Zooids bi-b3 = zooids of the first zooidal generation (for b a read ba), Zooids C1-C9 = zooids of the second zooidal generation, Zooids di-ds = zooids of the third zooidal generation.
6 346 N.Z. JOURNAL OF MARINE & FRESHWATER RESEARCH [JUNE Astogeny of Eurystomella foraminigera The ancestrula cuts off one distal semicircular chamber from which three first-generation zooids arise. The first zooid lies on the midline, and the position of subsequent buds is variable. The proximal members of the periancestrular zooids are derived as in Fenestrulina and belong to the third zooidal generation from the ancestrula (Fig. 4). The young colony typically assumes a roughly circular shape early in astogeny by the development of the proximal zooids. Fig. 4E is a diagrammatic representation of a 20-zooid colony showing the origins of the periancestrular zooids. Waters (1925b) pictured the ancestrula of a colony from Stewart Island, but his accompanying text gave no indication of the origin of the later zooids. Astogeny of Crassimarginatella papulifera Zooid 1 is typically skewed disto-laterally to the ancestrula, but the position is variable, and the asymmetry may be left- or right-handed. Zooid 2 arises adjacent to zooid 1 and (Fig. 5) occupies the midline position that is occupied by zooid 1 in Fenestrulina and Eurystomella- Young colonies often show a tendency to anticlockwise development, but this is ultimately obliterated by the late development of the remaining periancestrular zooids and their progeny (Fig. 6). DISCUSSION The budding patterns of Fenestrulina colonies are highly variable. The only stage which is constant is stage I where the first zooid to be budded from the ancestrula always lies in the distal midline. Eurystomella behaves similarly, but in Crassimarginatella zooid 2 lies in the distal midline. At stage II in Fenestrulina, zooid 2 may arise with equal likelihood on the left or right of zooid 1; the frequencies of left- or righthand budding of zooid 2 in Fig. 1 are not significantly different (0.8 > P > 0.7). At stage III, however, there is a tendency towards suppression of one disto-lateral zooid. The difference in the observed frequencies of colonies showing the suppression and those showing nonsuppression is significantly in favour of the former (P < 0.001). Waters (1924) noted this suppression of one side in a number of species, but he considered that production of three first-generation zooids before any second-generation zooids are budded is the general rule. Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora is an exception to this. The asymmetry of young colonies is later obliterated by the eventual budding of the remaining zooid of the first generation and the significance of its temporary suppression is unknown. Further variations in the astogeny of cheilostomes is discussed by Boardman and Cheetham (1969). The proximal periancestrular zooids of all three species are not budded directly from the ancestrula but belong to the third zooidal generation. This origin of proximal zooids was recorded by Waters (1924; 1925a, b;
7 1971] GORDON COLONY FORMATION IN Fenestrulina 347 B FIG. 3 Modifications of the normal astogenetic sequences of Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora, from Leigh, N.Z., A colony obstructed by Spirorbis; B colony which arose from a larva which metamorphosed in a broken polychaete tube. Sig-10
8 348 N.Z. JOURNAL OF MARINE & FRESHWATER RESEARCH [JUNE FIG. 4 Stages in the astogeny of Eurystomella foraminigera, from Leigh, N.Z., A ancestrula and three zooids of the first asexual generation; B sequence of development in an obstructed colony; C Waters' (1925b) representation of a colony from Stewart Island; D 20-zooid colony showing directions of budding; E diagrammatic representation of the zooidal generations of the colony in D.
9 1971] GORDON COLONY FORMATION IN Fenestrulina 349 FIG. 5 Early stages in the astogeny of Crassimarginatella papulifera, from Leigh, N.Z., 1967-^68. A alternative positions of the first zooid budded from the ancestrula; B and C later stages of A.
10 350 N.Z. JOURNAL OF MARINE & FRESHWATER RESEARCH [JUNE B FIG. 6 Crassimarginatella papulifera, from Leigh, N.Z A 20-zooid colony showing a tendency to anticlockwise development (the numbers in the zooids are not meant to imply the exact budding sequence); B diagrammatic representation of the zooidal generations of A.
11 1971] GORDON COLONY FORMATION IN Fenestrulina a, b) and Medd (1966) for a number of species, and by Cook (1964) for Conopeum reticulum, and it seems to be general in cheilostomes. Direct budding of proximal zooids from the ancestrula is known, however, and is figured by Stach (1938) for Smittina papillifera, Lagaaij (1963) for Cupuladria canariensis, and Powell (1968) for Hippopodina jeegeensis. Although the early stages of colony formation may be very variable and somewhat asymmetrical, the tendency in the older stages of the three species studied here is always towards a more or less radially asymmetrical colony. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dr W. J. Ballantine, Director of the Leigh Marine Laboratory, for use of facilities. I also wish to thank Dr W. C. Banta (Smithsonian Institution) and Dr E. L. Mills (Institute of Oceanography, Dalhousie University) for criticising the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED BOARDMAN, R. S. and CHEETHAM, A. H. 1969: Skeletal growth, intracolony variation, and evolution in Bryozoa: a review. Journal of Paleontology 43: COOK, P. L. 1964: The development of Electra monostachys (Busk) and Conopeum reticulum (L.) Polyzoa, Anasca. Cahiers de biologie marine 5: GORDON, D. P. (in press) : Zooidal budding in the cheilostomatous bryozoan Fenestrulina malusii var. thyreophora. N.Z. Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5. HARMER, S. F. 1931: Recent work on Polyzoa. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 143: LAGAAIJ, R. 1963: Cupuladria canarienis (Busk) - Portrait of a bryozoan. Paleontology 6: MEDD, A. W. 1966: The zoarial development of some membranimorph Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: POWELL, N. A. 1968: Early astogeny in Hippopodina feegeensis (Busk). National Museum of Canada Bulletin 223: 1-4. STACH, L. W. 1938: Colony formation in Smittina papillifera (MacGillivray, 1869) (Bryozoa). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 108B: WATERS, A. W. 1924: The ancestrula of Membranipora pilosa L. and of other cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: a: Ancestrulae of cheilostomatous Bryozoa II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15: b: Ancestrulae of cheilostomatous Bryozoa III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16: a: Ancestrulae and frontal of cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: b: Ancestrulae of cheilostomatous Bryozoa V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18:
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN FOULING BRYOZOANS
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN FOULING BRYOZOANS Brian J. Brock Faculty of Art, Design and Applied Science, South Australian College of Advanced Education, Holbrooks Road, Underdale, South Australia 5032 ABSTRACT Important
More informationUnique life history strategy in a successful Arctic bryozoan, Harmeria scutulata
J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2006), 86,1305^1314 Printed in the United Kingdom doi: 10.1017/S0025315406014330 Unique life history strategy in a successful Arctic bryozoan, Harmeria scutulata Piotr Kuklinski*
More informationBryozoans as palaeoenvironmental indicators. Paul D Taylor, NHM, London
Bryozoans as palaeoenvironmental indicators Paul D Taylor, NHM, London What are bryozoans? What are bryozoans? invertebrate phylum What are bryozoans? invertebrate phylum >6000 living species What are
More informationIntracolony variation in skeletal growth rates in Paleozoic ramose trepostome bryozoans
Paleobiology, 16(4), 1990, pp. 483-491 Intracolony variation in skeletal growth rates in Paleozoic ramose trepostome bryozoans Marcus M. Key, Jr. Abstract.-All erect, branching (ramose) organisms adhere
More informationA Comparative Study of Cheilostome Bryozoa at Yokosuka, Maizuru, and Sasebo, Japan
A Comparative Study of Cheilostome Bryozoa at Yokosuka, Maizuru, and Sasebo, Japan EDWARD R. LONG and JAMES B. RUCKERI ABSTRACT: The cheilostome Bryozoa fauna of 65 marine fouling panels exposed at Yokosuka,
More informationEctoprocta: bryozoans UNDERWATER FIELD GUIDE TO ROSS ISLAND & MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA
Ectoprocta: bryozoans UNDERWATER FIELD GUIDE TO ROSS ISLAND & MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA Peter Brueggeman Photographs: Canadian Museum of Nature (Kathleen Conlan), Paul Cziko, & Norbert Wu The National
More informationby B.A. Foster THE EFFECT OF ASPECT ON POPULATION COMPOSITION
TANE (1966) 12 : 37-44 37 THE EFFECTS OF WAVE EXPOSURE AND ASPECT ON THE VERTICAL SHORE DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF MELARHAPHA OLIVERI. by B.A. Foster INTRODUCTION The periwinkle Melarhapha
More informationTaxonomy and biogeography of macrofaunal BRYOZOA with a focus on the abyssal benthic fauna relevant to the CCFZ
Taxonomy and biogeography of macrofaunal BRYOZOA with a focus on the abyssal benthic fauna relevant to the CCFZ Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Wellington BRYOZOA a
More informationZoology Name: Block: Exercise #7: The Sponges, Phylum Porifera Lab Guide
Zoology Name: Block: Exercise #7: The Sponges, Phylum Porifera Lab Guide Members of the phylum Porifera are considered the simplest metazoans, they are little more than a loose grouping of cells, with
More informationHonorary Associate, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 215 222 (2001) NOTES ON THE GENERA NORDGAARDIA AND USCHAKOVIA (BRYOZOA: BUGULIDAE) PATRICIA L. COOK Honorary Associate, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Victoria
More informationDimorphic brooding zooids in the genus Adeona Lamouroux from Australia (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)
Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61(2): 129 133 (2004) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/index.asp Dimorphic brooding zooids in the genus Adeona Lamouroux from Australia
More informationMODES OF REPRODUCTION IN RECENT AND FOSSIL CUPULADRIID BRYOZOANS
[Palaeontology, Vol. 51, Part 4, 2008, pp. 847-864] MODES OF REPRODUCTION IN RECENT AND FOSSIL CUPULADRIID BRYOZOANS by AARON O'DEA*, JEREMY B. C. JACKSONf*, PAUL D. TAYLORJ and FELIX RODRIGUEZ* ^Smithsonian
More informationArctic cheilostome bryozoan species of the genus Escharoides
Journal of Natural History, 2007; 41(1 4): 219 228 Arctic cheilostome bryozoan species of the genus Escharoides PIOTR KUKLINSKI 1,2, PAUL D. TAYLOR 1 & NINA DENISENKO 3 1 Department of Palaeontology, Natural
More informationTwo patterns of colonial water flow in an erect bilaminate bryozoan, the cheilostome Schizotheca serratimargo (Hincks, 1886)
Cah. Biol. Mar. (1989), 30 : 35-48 R oscoff Two patterns of colonial water flow in an erect bilaminate bryozoan, the cheilostome Schizotheca serratimargo (Hincks, 1886) F rank K. M e K inney Department
More information5. Notes on the Epifauna on the Shells of Living Nautilus from Fiji
Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac, Occasional Papers, No. 5, p. 56-59, 988 56 5. Notes on the Epifauna on the Shells of Living Nautilus from Fiji by Hiroshi SUZUKI' and Shozo HAYASAKA2' Introduction It
More informationMorphology, Anatomy, and Systematics of the Cinctiporidae, New Family (Bryozoa: Stenolaemata)
h Morphology, Anatomy, and Systematics of the Cinctiporidae, New Family (Bryozoa: Stenolaemata) RICHARD S. BOARDMAN FRANK K. McKINNEY L D. TAYLO ^ggp^ CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY NUMBER 70 SERIES PUBLICATIONS
More informationCell Division in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growing at Different Rates
Journal of General Microbiology (1980), 118, 479-484. Printed in Great Britain 479 Cell Division in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growing at Different Rates By G. C. JOHNSTON,I* R. A. S. 0. SHARROW3
More informationCheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2001), 131: 35-109. With 22 figures doi: 10.l006/zjls.2000.0249, available online at httpj/www.idealibrary.com on 10 E hl @ Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu
More informationMolecular phylogeny supports division of the cosmopolitan taxon Celleporella (Bryozoa; Cheilostomata) into four major clades
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2007) xxx xxx Short Communication Molecular phylogeny supports division of the cosmopolitan taxon Celleporella (Bryozoa;
More informationChec List Journal of species lists and distribution
Check List 10(1): 170 174, 2014 2014 Check List and Authors ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Chec List Journal of species lists and distribution N o t e s on Geogra p h i c Distribution
More informationMarine Non-Native Species Awareness Workshop: Bryozoans and Ascidians
Marine Non-Native Species Awareness Workshop: Bryozoans and Ascidians 3 March 2010 JOHN S. RYLAND, Pure & Applied Ecology, Swansea University (j.s.ryland@swan.ac.uk) Dramatis Personae 5 bryozoan species
More informationCELL DIVISION IN THE FORMATION OF THE STOMATAL COMPLEX OF THE YOUNG LEAVES OF WHEAT
J. Cell Sci. I, 121-128 (1966) 121 Printed in Great Britain CELL DIVISION IN THE FORMATION OF THE STOMATAL COMPLEX OF THE YOUNG LEAVES OF WHEAT J. D. PICKETT-HEAPS AND D. H. NORTHCOTE Department of Biochemistry,
More informationIntroduction. Background
Introduction In introducing our research on mars we have asked the question: Is there a correlation between the width of an impact crater and the depth of that crater? This will lead to answering the question:
More informationOvergrowth competition in an assemblage of encrusting bryozoans settled on artificial substrata
Vol. 51: 121-130. 1989 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Published January 16 Overgrowth competition in an assemblage of encrusting bryozoans settled on artificial substrata J. J. Lopez
More informationGrowth and Asexual Reproduction of the Starfish Nepanthia belcheri (Perrier)
Growth and Asexual Reproduction of the Starfish Nepanthia belcheri (Perrier) RON KENNyl ABSTRACT: Nepanthia belcheri (Perrier) attains a longest arm radius of mm during the first growing period, 8 mm in
More informationWhat creates a coral reef? Why are corals able to form huge reefs?
Marine ecosystems 5: Coral Reefs Unique features The foundation of the ecosystem is produced by living things Reef-building corals Similarities with tropical rain forests Richness and complexity 3-dimensional
More informationJournal Of Vertebrate Paleontology Vol. 24 No June 2004 ISSN By Staff of Society of Vertebrate Paleontology READ ONLINE
Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology Vol. 24 No. 2 11 June 2004 ISSN 0272-4634 By Staff of Society of Vertebrate Paleontology READ ONLINE 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA2.0.CO;2]. Society of Vertebrate
More informationCHITON (SYPHAROCHITON) PELLISERPENTIS AT MUDS'I'ONE BAY, KAIKOURA, NEW ZEALAND PETER L. HORN
MAURI ORA, 1984, 11: 57-61 tleachl
More informationSystematics and life history of Antoniettella exigua, a new genus and species of cribrimorph bryozoan from the Miocene of East Kalimantan (Indonesia)
Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 51 (2), 2012, 99-108. Modena, 28 settembre 2012 Systematics and life history of Antoniettella exigua, a new genus and species of cribrimorph bryozoan from
More informationEffects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem
California Avocado Association 1935 Yearbook 20: 125-129 Effects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem Charles A. Schroeder Because of the comparatively recent discovery of the avocado disease
More informationThreshold Effects of Food Concentration on the Skeletal Morphology of the Bryozoan Electra Pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767).
Hageman, S.J., Needham, L.L. and Todd, C.D. 2009. Threshold effects of food concentration on the skeletal morphology of the marine bryozoan Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767). Lethaia, 42(4): pp. 438-451.
More informationElectron Cloud Studies for KEKB and ATF KEK, May 17 May 30, 2003
Electron Cloud Studies for KEKB and ATF KEK, May 17 May 3, 23 F. Zimmermann April 12, 23 Abstract I describe a few recent electron-cloud simulations for KEKB and the ATF. For KEKB the dependence of the
More informationNaturelle, Rue Cuvier 57, Paris Cedex 05, F 75231, France c Eureko S.c.r.l., via Serole 24, Roma, I 00123, Italy. Published online: 28 Jan 2009.
This article was downloaded by: [117.176.30.20] On: 20 March 2014, At: 15:57 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationThree Monte Carlo Models. of Faunal Evolution PUBLISHED BY NATURAL HISTORY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM SYDNEY ANDERSON AND CHARLES S.
AMERICAN MUSEUM Notltates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY OF CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2563 JANUARY 29, 1975 SYDNEY ANDERSON AND CHARLES S. ANDERSON
More informationComparison of spatial methods for measuring road accident hotspots : a case study of London
Journal of Maps ISSN: (Print) 1744-5647 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjom20 Comparison of spatial methods for measuring road accident hotspots : a case study of London Tessa
More informationEternal domination on 3 n grid graphs
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS Volume 61(2) (201), Pages 16 174 Eternal domination on 3 n grid graphs S. Finbow Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science St. Francis Xavier University,
More informationTHE CHEILOSTOMATA (B RYOZOA) OF THE DEEP SEA
THE CHEILOSTOMATA (B RYOZOA) OF THE DEEP SEA P. J. HAYWARD (Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, W. Glamorgan, U. K.) ABSTRACT Forty-seven species of Bryozoa have been identified in benthic
More informationfaster moving water compared to suspension feeders that are in contact with slower moving
Samantha Bund 7-12-05 Marine Adaptations Exploratory 1 Orange Cup Coral Size Distribution Introduction: Sessile suspension feeders such as Anthozoans rely on moving water to capture food and nutrients,
More informationRoto-translational motion in liquid water and its structural implication
Volume 215. number 6 CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS 17 December 1993 Roto-translational motion in liquid water and its structural implication I.M. Svishchev and P.G. Kusalik Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie
More informationAn instability of the standard model of cosmology creates the anomalous acceleration without dark energy
$ search! Advanced Home Content Information for About us Sign up Submit " An instability of the standard model of cosmology creates the anomalous acceleration without dark energy Joel Smoller, Blake Temple,
More informationX-ray determination of centrosymmetry in three felspars. 1
759 X-ray determination of centrosymmetry in three felspars. 1 By S. W. BAILEY, R. B. FERUUSO~, and W. It. TAYLOR. Crystallographic Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. [Read May 16, 1951.] T Introduction.
More informationSUCCESSION INTRODUCTION. Objectives. A Markov Chain Model of Succession
28 SUCCESSION Objectives Understand the concept of succession and several theories of successional mechanisms. Set up a spreadsheet matrix model of succession. Use the model to explore predictions of various
More informationA MODIFIED HALDANE GAS ANALYZER FOR ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES WITH ONE HUNDRED PER CENT ABSORBABLE GAS
A MODIFIED HALDANE GAS ANALYZER FOR ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES WITH ONE HUNDRED PER CENT ABSORBABLE GAS BY H. C. BAZETT (From the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Department
More informationOF PLANALVEOLITES POUGHTI
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN VOL. XXI, No. 2, pp. 67-72 (1 pl.) MAP 10, 1967 PLANALVEOLITELLA, A NEW GENUS OF DEVONIAN TABULATE CORALS, WITH A REDESCRIPTION
More informationHigher Secondary - First year STATISTICS Practical Book
Higher Secondary - First year STATISTICS Practical Book th_statistics_practicals.indd 07-09-08 8:00:9 Introduction Statistical tools are important for us in daily life. They are used in the analysis of
More informationEcology of fouling bryozoans at Visakhapatnam harbour*
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Vol. 87 B (Animal Sciences), No.3, March 1978, pp. 63-75, printed in India. Ecology of fouling bryozoans at Visakhapatnam harbour* K SATYANARAYANA RAO and P N GANAPATI Department
More information2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW
2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW 1 INTRODUCTION Recently, three of the major centres for global climate monitoring determined with high confidence that 2015 was the warmest year on record, globally.
More informationC. Body is platelike, no symmetry, organs, muscular or nervous systems present. D. 2-3 mm E. marine F. glide over food and secrete digestive enzyme an
Chapter 9 (multicellularity) I. Similarities A. cells are grouped B. groups of cells are specialized for various functions C. All cells in an organism is interdependent. II. Multicelled life appeared ~
More informationDALHOUSIE ADVANCED FIELD SCHOOL SUMMARY REPORT
DALHOUSIE ADVANCED FIELD SCHOOL SUMMARY REPORT Submitted to: Offshore Energy Research Association of Nova Scotia (OERA) to fulfill the requirements of the Student Research Travel Program Submitted by:
More informationCompetition and intertidal zonation of barnacles at Leigh, New Zealand
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research ISSN: 0028-8330 (Print) 1175-8805 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzm20 Competition and intertidal zonation of barnacles
More informationCape Breton Island Mineral Inventory Studies: A Sandstone Quarry Development Opportunity at Graham River (NTS 11F/14), Inverness County
Report of Activities 2001 23 Cape Breton Island Mineral Inventory Studies: A Sandstone Quarry Development Opportunity at Graham River (NTS 11F/14), Inverness County G. J. DeMont and J. E. Hawken Compilation
More informationFOULING POLYZOANS OF BOMBAY OFFSHORE WATERS
MAHASAGAR Vol.23, No:2 (December), 1990, pp.169-178 FOULING POLYZOANS OF BOMBAY OFFSHORE WATERS T.V. RAVEENDRAN, A.P. DE SOUZA AND A.B. WAGH National InstituteofOceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004. ABSTRACT
More informationTHE BEHAVIOUR OF CHLOROPLASTS DURING CELL DIVISION OF ISOETES LACUSTRIS L.
New Phytol (1974) 73, 139-142. THE BEHAVIOUR OF CHLOROPLASTS DURING CELL DIVISION OF ISOETES LACUSTRIS L. BY JEAN M. WHATLEY Botany School, University of Oxford (Received 2 July 1973) SUMMARY Cells in
More informationWhat larval culture of Diadema antillarum
What larval culture of Diadema antillarum, the long-spined sea urchin, the keystone herbivore of western tropical Atlantic coral reefs, tells us about Keys water quality Martin A. Moe A disease in 1983
More informationSEASONAL CHANGES IN ZOOID SIZE AND FEEDING ACTIVITY IN EPIFAUNAL COLONIES OF ELECTRA PILOSA
IN: Bryooa: Past and Present. Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Bryooa. JRP Ross, Editor. Western Washington University Press, Bellingham, Washington, pp. 197-23. Jl SEASONAL CHANGES
More informationVariable effects of larval size on post-metamorphic performance in the field
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 279: 73 80, 2004 Published September 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Variable effects of larval size on post-metamorphic performance in the field Dustin J. Marshall 1, 2, *, Michael
More informationStudy on Acoustically Transparent Test Section of Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2018, 6, 1-10 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jamp ISSN Online: 2327-4379 ISSN Print: 2327-4352 Study on Acoustically Transparent Test Section of Aeroacoustic Wind
More informationLab 4 Identifying metazoan phyla and plant groups
Geol G308 Paleontology and Geology of Indiana Name: Lab 4 Identifying metazoan phyla and plant groups The objective of this lab is to classify all of the fossils from your site to phylum (or to plant group)
More informationTezula funebralis Shell height variance in the Intertidal zones
Laci Uyesono Structural Comparison Adaptations of Marine Animals Tezula funebralis Shell height variance in the Intertidal zones Introduction The Pacific Coast of the United States is home to a great diversity
More informationPARETO ANALYSIS OF PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA: A NEW METHOD OF WEIGHING VARIABLE IMPORTANCE
Abstract: Pareto Analysis of Paleontological Data: A New Method of Weighing Variable Importance PARETO ANALYSIS OF PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA: A NEW METHOD OF WEIGHING VARIABLE IMPORTANCE and ABSTRACT Pareto
More informationVortex shedding from slender surface mounted pyramids
Vortex shedding from slender surface mounted pyramids M. J. Morrison 1, R. J. Martinuzzi 3, E. Savory 1, G. A. Kopp 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario,
More informationTHE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 57 JANUARY, 1957 No. 1 STUDIES ON MARINE BRYOZOA. IX. PHYLACTELLIPORA MARY D. ROGICK Department of Biology, College of New Rochelle, New Rochelle, New York The purpose
More informationNotulae algarum No. 24 (18 May 2017 ) ISSN
Validation of the names Asterionellopsis lenisilicea, A. maritima, A. guyunusae and A. thurstonii (Rhaphoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) I. Kaczmarska, Biology Department, Mount Allison University, N.B., Canada
More information[783 ] EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF POLYZOAN LARVAE
[ ] EXPERMENTS ON THE NFLUENCE OF LGHT ON THE BEHAOUR OF POLYZOAN LARAE BY J. S. RYLAND Marine Biology Station, Menai Bridge, Anglesey (Received May ) NTRODUCTON The majority of marine polyzoans have a
More informationSerial No. N4470 NAFO SCR Doc. 01/83 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING SEPTEMBER 2001
NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N7 NAFO SCR Doc. /8 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING SEPTEMBER Sea-surface Temperature and Water
More informationFORM FOUR TERM ONE EXAM 2017
FORM FOUR TERM ONE EXAM 2017 BIOLOGY PAPER 1 THEORY SCHOOLS NET KENYA Osiligi House, Opposite KCB, Ground Floor Off Magadi Road, Ongata Rongai Tel: 0711 88 22 27 E-mail:infosnkenya@gmail.com Website: www.schoolsnetkenya.com
More informationDalhousie University Advanced Field School 2017 SUMMARY REPORT
Dalhousie University Advanced Field School 2017 SUMMARY REPORT Submitted to: Offshore Energy Research Association of Nova Scotia (OERA) to fulfill the requirements of the Student Research Travel Program
More informationThe Mechanics of Bubble Growth and Rise in Sediments
The Mechanics of Bubble Growth and Rise in Sediments PI: Bernard P. Boudreau Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada phone: (902) 494-8895 fax: (902) 494-3877
More information1 INTRODUCTION. LIU Huilian ( 刘会莲 ) 1, Kamil ZÁGORŠEK 1, 2, **, WANG Shiwei ( 王世伟 ) 1, MA Shide ( 马士德 ) 1, Paul D. TAYLOR 3
Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Vol. 35 No. 5, P. 1179-1188, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-017-6093-6 Interactions between Cryptosula and Watersipora (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) on a ship
More informationThe sun then falls below the horizon, and it is nighttime for our little person:
Venus Update! Problem 6 on Homework 1 in Physics 2A last September asked you to find the distance from Earth to Venus at that time. I gave you the angle between the sun and Venus at that time; you drew
More informationSocial shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae: Synalpheus) Resources for teaching
Social shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae: Synalpheus) Resources for teaching All images copyright J. Emmett Duffy (jeduffy@vims.edu) These images and materials may be freely used for educational,
More informationAn Introduction to Animal Diversity
An Introduction to Animal Diversity What defines an animal? Why so many species? The early history of animals life 7 Requirements of Animal Life What is an adaptation? Adapting to different habitats A
More informationChapter 8. Sponges Phylum Porifera Basic characteristics: simple asymmetric sessile
Chapter 8 Key Concepts Sponges are asymmetric, sessile animals that filter food from the water circulating through their bodies. Sponges provide habitats for other animals. Cnidarians and ctenophores exhibit
More informationImpacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America
Impacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA Abstract: The mean 500 hpa flow over North America featured a trough over
More informationCore Barrels. Core Barrels
Core Barrels To collect the core of the rock drilled, a device known as the core barrel is used. Core barrel retains rock core samples from drilling operations Its length varies from 0.5 to 3 m. There
More informationKey Issue 1: Where Are Services Distributed? INTRODUCING SERVICES AND SETTLEMENTS LEARNING OUTCOME DESCRIBE THE THREE TYPES OF SERVICES
Revised 2017 NAME: PERIOD: Rubenstein: The Cultural Landscape (12 th edition) Chapter Twelve Services and Settlements (pages 430 thru 457) This is the primary means by which you will be taking notes this
More informationGeographic Locations Survey of Clinical Psychologists in Canada
Geographic Locations Survey of Clinical Psychologists in Canada A publication of the Canadian Psychological Association. 1999 To order print copies, click here! Print copies of this CPA document are available
More informationVolume 270, Number 12, Month 2009 A L 0 F ISSN WILEY-BLACKWELL. Editor: J. Matthias Starck
A L 0 F Volume 270, Number 12, Month 2009 ISSN 0362-2525 WILEY-BLACKWELL Editor: J. Matthias Starck JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 270:1413-1430 (2009) Comparative Anatomy of Internal Incubational Sacs in Cupuladriid
More informationChapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone
Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone General Characteristics of Animals Multicellular, diploid organisms with tissues, organs or organ systems in most Heterotrophic Require oxygen for aerobic
More informationMultiplicity in Parameter-Dependent Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis Volume Number, 009, pages 03 Doi:0.386/39-69.009..03- c Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 009 ISSN 39-69 print ISSN 68-30 online www.vgtu.lt/mma/ Multiplicity
More informationF2; accordingly, the ion-fraction is a minimum at the concentration corresponding
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS BETWEEN IONS AND ION-PAIRS IN SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES, I. SOLUTIONS IN p-xylene AT 520C AND BENZENE AT 25oC* BY LAWRENCE C. KENAUSISt E. CHARLES EVERS,
More informationPorifera. Thomas M. Frost Trout Lake Station Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin '"'. , ' I.
, ' Porifera Thomas M. Frost Trout Lake Station Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 4 '"'. Chapter Outline I. INTRODUCTION II. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY A. External Morphology
More informationFossils Fossil Identification and Analysis Lab Walk Through Earth Science Essentials-Advanced by Russ Colson
Fossils Fossil Identification and Analysis Lab Walk Through Earth Science Essentials-Advanced by Russ Colson I've provided more specific guidance for this lab than for the previous ones, including giving
More informationStatistics and parameters
Statistics and parameters Tables, histograms and other charts are used to summarize large amounts of data. Often, an even more extreme summary is desirable. Statistics and parameters are numbers that characterize
More informationBOOTSTRAPPING WITH MODELS FOR COUNT DATA
Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 21: 1164 1176, 2011 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1054-3406 print/1520-5711 online DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2011.607748 BOOTSTRAPPING WITH MODELS FOR
More informationNotes - Porifera and Cnideria
Notes - Porifera and Cnideria - Animals exist on every continent on the planet. Most people consider animals to be the most important kingdom as we are considered animals. But, what is an animal? What
More informationAUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Miller, A. H., 1962. The history and significance of the fossil Casuarius lydekkeri. Records of the Australian Museum 25(10): 235 238. [19 June 1962]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1962.662
More informationSome Bryozoa from Tunisia, Western Mediterranean Sea
Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 94 (2014): 11-20 Museo delle Scienze, Trento 2014 ISSN 2035-7699 11 Bryozoan Studies 2013 - Antonietta Rosso, Patrick N. Wyse Jackson & Joanne Porter (eds) Some Bryozoa from Tunisia,
More informationHeriot-Watt University
Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Research Gateway Taxonomy of the fouling cheilostome bryozoans, Schizoporella unicornis, (Johnston) and Schizoporella errata (Waters) Tompsett, S; Porter,
More informationPATIENT GUIDE FOR HOME INFUSION SUCCESS. Infusor HOME INFUSION SYSTEMS
PATIENT GUIDE FOR HOME INFUSION SUCCESS Infusor HOME INFUSION SYSTEMS 01 Welcome to home infusion therapy Baxter s Infusor System has been prescribed for your home infusion therapy and is designed to deliver
More informationBMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:6
BMC Evolutionary Biology This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Correction: Male-killing
More informationName Class Date. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 14 3 Invertebrates SECTION Introduction to Animals BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What structures and systems perform basic life functions
More informationPROXIMITY OF FOUR SPECIES IN THE NEW ENGLAND INTERTIDAL Morgan M. Atkinson 1 Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610
PROXIMITY OF FOUR SPECIES IN THE NEW ENGLAND INTERTIDAL Morgan M. 1 Department of Biology,, Worcester, MA 01610 Abstract The tide pools of New England feature many species interactions. This study shows
More informationGlacial-Marine Sedimentation
Glacial-Marine Sedimentation Glacial-Marine Sedimentation Edited by Bruce F. Molnia Los Altos, California Plenum Press New York and London PREFACE This volume of 18 papers describes the glacial-marine
More informationGY 112L: Earth History Lab
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises) 1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2)
More informationBiology Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod. Introduction
1 Biology 317 - Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod Introduction The determination of how natural selection acts in contemporary populations constitutes
More informationBRYOZOA (POLYZOA) FROM THE SOUTH RED SEA
BRYOZOA (POLYZOA) FROM THE SOUTH RED SEA by N. A. Powell N ational Museum of C anada, O ttaw a. Résumé L auteur étudie 30 espèces de Bryozoaires du sud de la Mer Rouge, au voisinage de Port Massawa. Une
More informationDr. April MH Blakeslee
Northwest Atlantic population structure and gene flow in the Green Crab: current understanding of a dynamic invasion front, population admixture, & continued anthropogenic expansion Dr. April MH Blakeslee
More informationAspects of the Seismic Response to Shaft Pillar Mining - Case Studies in the Welkom Gold Field
Aspects of the Seismic Response to Shaft Pillar Mining - Case Studies in the Welkom Gold Field DR G VAN ASWEGEN Welkom Gold Mine INTRODUCTION Several shaft pillars have lately been mined out in the Welkom
More informationLecture notes for /12.586, Modeling Environmental Complexity. D. H. Rothman, MIT October 22, 2014
Lecture notes for 12.086/12.586, Modeling Environmental Complexity D. H. Rothman, MIT October 22, 2014 Contents 1 Origin of biogeochemical cycles 1 1.1 The carbon cycle......................... 1 1.1.1
More information