Q = Flow of water in the River (cubic metres per second) y o = depth (metres) and is a function of. y o Q
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1 Peace River Ice and Joint Task Force September 2008 Martin Jasek
2 River Ice Processes
3 Open Water Hydraulics Q = Flow of water in the River (cubic metres per second) y o = depth (metres) and is a function of channel shape and river bed roughness y o Q
4 Ice Covered Hydraulics Thin Ice Cover y o (ice) = 1.3y o y o y o (ice) Q
5 Ice Covered Hydraulics Thicker Ice Cover H = y o (ice) t t 0.92t y o (ice) H Q
6 Consolidated Ice Cover Thickness dt dx τ t = A gs + B C t Width
7
8 Water Level Increases when Stationary Ice is Present in River Elevatio on (metres) Freeze-up Break-up d) m Bennett Dam res per second Flow from (cubic metr Dec 1-Jan 21-Jan 10-Feb 1-Mar 21-Mar 10-Apr 30-Apr 0
9 Frazil Ice Evolution:
10 Instrument Shack Instrument Cabinet Ice Ice Anchor line Electronics Cable SWIP S Transducer Concrete Pad 10m max SWIPS = Shallow Water Ice Profiling Sonar
11 Water Temperature ( o C) Water ae Temperature peaue Freezing Point Jan 00:00 10-Jan 00:00 11-Jan 00:00 12-Jan 00:00 13-Jan 00:00 14-Jan 00:00
12
13 Ice Front Progression Causes stage-up to progress upstream a function of air temperature, discharge, river velocity, slope
14 Juxtaposed dice cover
15 Consolidated ice cover
16 Ice Cover Formation & Progression Open Water
17 Ice Cover Formation & Progression -Colder - Less Water Flow - Smaller ice discharge River Slope -Not so Cold -More water flow - Larger ice discharge
18 Frazil Deposition and Transport Surface Ice Production Suspended Frazil Frazil Deposition Frazil Transport
19 Backwater Curve Q Q
20 Channel Storage during an ice front advance Q in Q out < Q in Q out
21 Channel Storage Release during an ice front recession Q in Q out > Q in Q out
22 Water Levels fluctuations due to dynamic ice processes (CRISSP 1D modeling)
23 Thermal Ice Thickness Provides extra internal strength to the ice cover Growth a function of air temperature ice porosity snow cover Thermal Ice Thickness
24 Thermal Ice Thickness (l (slow advance)
25 Thermal Ice Thickness (fast advance)
26 Secondary Consolidations
27 2004 Consolidation
28 Consolidation Event Ice Front advanced at a rate = 15 to 40 km/day Temperature increased from about -40 to C 75 km of ice collapsed to 40 km
29 Historical, Locations of Interest Distance from Bennett t Dam (km) Town of Peace River Dunvegan Nov 1-Dec 1-Jan 31-Jan 2-Mar 1-Apr 2-May 1-Jun
30 Channel Storage Release during an ice front recession Q in Q out > Q in Q out
31 Storage Release during Secondary Consolidations Measured stage ter level 2.50 Calculated stage, RLAM 5000 Stage above pre-con nsoldiation wa (m m) Calculated discharge, RLAM Dischar rge (m 3 /s) Time (hours)
32 Surface Ice Features at Toe of Consolidation
33 Surface Ice Features at Toe of Consolidation
34 Surface Ice Features at Toe
35 Measurements (contd.) Thermal ice thickness Total ice thickness
36 Ice Thickness Measurements and Mapping of the Toe of the Consolidation Pre-Consolidation Thermal Ice = 0.22 m Rubble Ice ~ 10 m
37 Section A-A Elevation (m) 350 Thermal ice that appears intact but may be bent or 348 cracked Thermal ice that has been reduced to rubble by the consolidation Distance dow nstream (m) Elevation (m) Typical Ice Elevation Section B-B Water Level Bottom of Ice Interpolated Bottom of Ice Bed Jun 16-17, Distance dow nstream (m)
38 Ice Thickness Measurements and Mapping of the Toe of the Consolidation
39 and Mapping of the Toe of the Consolidation
40 Bathymetry, Ice Thickness, Flow Surge stopped by grounding first in shallows along right bank Maximum downstream extent occurred in thalweg along left bank 0.22 m of thermal ice
41 2005 Consolidation compared with 2003 and 2004 Comparison of Freezeup Levels Open Water Dec 25, : High Water Marks High Water Marks High Water Marks tion (m) Elevat Shaftesbury Cros ssing TPR Distance from Bennett Dam (km )
42 Break-up Thermal Break-up Dynamic Break-up
43 Break-up Thermal or Dynamic? Time Res sistive F orces Dow wnstream Force es
44 Break-up Thermal or Dynamic? Time Res sistive F orces Dow wnstream Force es
45 Break-up Thermal or Dynamic? Thermal Time Res sistive F orces Dow wnstream Force es
46 Break-up Thermal or Dynamic? Time Dynamic Thermal Res sistive F orces Dow wnstream Force es
47 Break-up Ice Jam Flooding Peace River 1997
48 Peace River Ice Models 2002 TRICEP RICE DynaRICE RICEN PRICE CRISSP 1D CRISSP 2D 2008 Glacier BC Hydro
49 CRISSP 1D
50 CRISSP 2D
51 Hour 1:00: Y X
52 Hour 1:00: Bed Elev Y X
53 2D - Computer Modeling Peace River Go to animations
54 Joint Task Force
55 Peace River Hydro Power Operations during the Winter Coordinated through the Joint Task Force BC Hydro, Alberta Environment, Ministry of Environment BC Government Balance Hydro Power Production and Ice Jam Flood Risk Manage both break-up and freeze-up JTF formed after severe 1973 and 1974 after severe break-ups
56 Peace River Secondary Consolidation 1982 I 1982 i ll d In 1982, ice cover collapsed in this reach and produced high water levels at the Town of Peace River (TPR). Linked to discharge increase after holidays
57 1982 Consolidation Event (Freeze-up) Water Surface Elevation at To own of Peace Riv ver (m) m 3 /s Water Level Discharge at Peace Canyon Dam Dicharge Shifted and inflows added TPR nitial Freeze-up at I Secondary Consolid dation Discharge (m 3 /s) Dec 26-Dec 31-Dec 05-Jan 10-Jan
58 Control Flow Current Criteria 1) Control flow is implemented 2 days prior to the ice front reaching a point 16 km downstream of Town 2) Control flow is lifted 10 to 14 days after the ice front arrival at Dunvegan or about 0.4 m of thermal ice at Dunvegan
59 Control Flow Trial Criteria 1) Control flow is implemented 2 days prior to the ice front reaching a point 16 km downstream of Town 2) Control flow is lifted when there is about 0.4 m of thermal ice for at least a 10 km stretch between Dunvegan and McLeod Cairn
60 Trial Criteria More Scientific (thickness rather than ice front location) Initiated by the Glacier Project Based on extensive studies of secondary consolidations It was found under current flow control practices that secondary consolidations were arrested by 0.25 m of thermal ice or less 0.4 m provides a Factor of Safety of years of successful trials
61 Peace River dyke and levels Peace River at the Town of Peace River Lower West Peace River m Basements subject to seepage flooding m 315 m 312 m
62 Freeze-up 1) Target Elevation at TPR is m allows 5 m freeboard for secondary consolidations If above m the JTF will closely monitor If above m JTF will recommend some action to try to get water level back below m 2) Control Flow at TPR is set (1600 m 3 /s) PCN flow 1400 to 1500 m 3 /s Inflows typically 100 to 200 m3/s between Peace Canyon and the Town 3) West Peace Subdivision basement flooding Elevation >315.5 m (1 to 2 weeks)
63 JTF Procedures during break-up
64 JTF Break up Procedures In the 2-3 weeks prior to breakup if the benchmark elevation of m is exceeded the JTF will continue close monitoring i of : river levels discharges tributary inflow JTF will investigate/implement measures to JTF will investigate/implement measures to lower pre-breakup levels to below m
65 JTF Break up Procedures (continued) if Smoky River Basin snow pack is above normal and there is a high probability of the Smoky River breaking up into the Peace River or TPR Flow > 2000 m 3 /s 3 days forecast of flow at TPR are conducted If forecast is greater than 3200 m 3 /s The Peace Canyon Flows are reduced d in order to maintain TPR Flow less than 3200 m 3 /s
66 Peace River Ice Management (example ) 2004) Elevatio on (metres) dyke elevation Freeze-up m alarm m target control flow Break-up m Smokey river break-up target d) m Bennett Dam res per second Flow from (cubic metr Dec 1-Jan 21-Jan 10-Feb 1-Mar 21-Mar 10-Apr 30-Apr 0
67 Dunvegan Project and Peace River Ice Regime
68 Two Ice Fronts with Dunvegan Project Peace River Observed Ice Front Pre - Dunvegan 600 Post DNV Upstream Post DNV Downstream Distance fro om Bennett Dam (k km) TPR Dunvegan 100 Taylor 0 01-Nov 01-Dec 01-Jan 31-Jan 02-Mar 01-Apr 02-May
69 Pre Dunvegan (fast advance)
70 Post Dunvegan (l (slow advance)
71 Ratio of Surface Ice to Suspended Ice
72 Frazil Deposition and Transport Surface Ice Production Suspended Frazil Frazil Deposition Frazil Transport
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