Building zone and public transport: What planning integration at corridor level?

Transcription

1 Building zone and public transport: What planning integration at corridor level? Introduction of a method to estimate planning integration: degree of convergence Development of strategies for a better planning integration: convergence strategies Case study: RER Fribourg Freiburg Yannick Riedo Leitung: Prof. Dr. Bernd Scholl Betreuung: Mahdokht Soltaniehha, Rolf Sonderegger Masterarbeitarbeit Studiengang Raumentwicklung und Infrastruktursysteme Juni 2017

2 ETH Zurich ETH Zürich Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering Department Departement Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik Study program Studiengang Master of Science in Spatial Development and Infrastructure Systems Master of Science in Raumentwicklung und Infrastruktursysteme (MSc RE&IS) Chair Professur Spatial Development Raumentwicklung Author Verfasser Yannick Riedo Professor Professor Prof. Dr. Bernd Scholl June 2017 Juni 2017 Front page picture: urban structure and railroads between Payerne and Fribourg, Switzerland (Swiss Confederation, 2017)

3 Acknowledgments Special thanks are addressed to all people who supported this work and made this study possible. The author would like to express his particular recognition and gratitude to: Prof. Dr. Bernd Scholl, professor of Spatial Development, Chair of Spatial Planning, ETH Zurich Mahdokht Soltaniehha, scientific assistant, Chair of Spatial Planning, ETH Zurich Rolf Sonderegger, scientific assistant, Chair of Spatial Planning, ETH Zurich Simon Richoz, head of Cantonal Spatial Planning Unit, Service of Construction and Spatial Planning, State of Fribourg Stéphane Marchon, technical collaborator, Service of Mobility, State of Fribourg

4 Contents List of Figures List of Tables VIII X 1 Abstract 1 2 General context Demography Location Building land Transport system Political considerations Conclusion 12 3 Planning context Cantonal planning Building zone planning S-train offer planning Conclusion 17 4 Planning systems Spatial planning Public transport planning Conclusion 24 5 Situation overview 25 6 Study approach 27 7 Study limitations Temporal limitations Spatial limitations 30 8 Analysis methodology General methodology Detailed methodology Building zones Population Passenger demand at stations VI

5 8.2.4 Passengers at corridor level Conclusion Degree of convergence 49 9 Corridor selection Corridor results Municipality results Corridor results Conclusion Convergence strategy overview Convergence necessity Convergence difficulties Convergence measures S-train measures Building zone measures Corridor convergence calculations Convergence strategies in selected corridor Corridor level Municipality level Density index changes Building zone transfers Building zone size changes Mixed approach Conclusion Conclusion Corridor conclusion Methodology conclusion Additional conclusion Appendix 131 Bibliography 135 VII

6 List of Figures Figure 1 Population evolution in Switzerland and all cantons, Figure 2 Forecasted population evolution in Switzerland and all cantons, , BFS reference scenario 4 Figure 3 Population evolution in canton of Fribourg , BFS reference scenario 4 Figure 4 Different population forecasts for the canton of Fribourg (SStat = cantonal statistical office) 5 Figure 5 Relative commuter balance of cantons in Figure 6 State of the building zones in all cantons in Figure 7 State of the building zones in canton of Fribourg in Figure 8 Modal split in Switzerland and in the cantons of western Switzerland in Figure 9 RER Fribourg Freiburg network 11 Figure 10 Floor area index: all floor areas in the building are considered 19 Figure 11 Connections between transport offer levels 21 Figure 12 Example of a frequency family 22 Figure 13 Schematic examples of possible load factors on radial and transversal lines 23 Figure 14 Capacity increases according to two different strategies 24 Figure 15 General study approach 27 Figure 16 Possible degrees of convergence 28 Figure 17 Schematic representation of municipality types 31 Figure 18 Inhabitants, jobs and spatial roles: classification of municipalities with train stations on the S40 line; the core municipalities fulfill at least two of the three criteria 32 Figure 19 Core municipalities on the RER Fribourg Freiburg network 33 Figure 20 Work steps of the study s methodology 35 Figure 21 Finding process of land reserves 38 Figure 22 Reserves according to own method and to Raum+ 39 Figure 23 Finding process of population potentials 41 Figure 24 Floor area per inhabitant (based on BFS habitable areas and with correction factor of 33%) 43 VIII

7 Figure 25 Finding process of passenger demands at stations 44 Figure 26 Passenger demand according to distance to station, and simplified demands for the three distance categories. 45 Figure 27 Finding process of passenger demand at corridor level 48 Figure 28 Corridor municipalities along the S30 Payerne Fribourg 51 Figure 29 Inhabitants and full time jobs in the corridor Payerne - Fribourg 52 Figure 30 Corridor s public transport network 53 Figure 31 First municipality double page 55 Figure 32 Second municipality double page 56 Figure 33 Inhabitants and full time jobs in selected corridor with projections based on building zone reserves 89 Figure 34 Passengers on the peak train after every station in selected corridor, and different train capacities 90 Figure 35 Actual density jumps: linear theoretical densities and nonlinear actual densities 95 Figure 36 Corridor passenger allowance distribution method (1/2) 100 Figure 37 Corridor passenger allowance distribution method (2/2) 101 Figure 38 All population projections for Grolley 127 Figure 39 Traffic demand projections from Raum+ information: concept and some possible interested groups 129 Figure 40 Planning space Fribourg (CTSO) 131 Figure 41 Index translation table in the cantonal spatial and building law 133 Figure 42 Cantonal utilization rate (kantonale Auslastung) calculation 133 Figure 43 Floor area per worker 134 Figure 44 Siedlung Katzenbach in Zurich, utilization rate: IX

8 List of Tables Table 1 Report structure 2 Table 2 District population growth forecasts until Table 3 Most important measures for RER Fribourg Freiburg until Table 4 Typical capacities for 150-meter trains on RER Fribourg Freiburg in Table 5 Some important spatial planning instruments 18 Table 6 Public transport offer levels 20 Table 7 Spatial planning system in the canton of Fribourg 25 Table 8 Municipality classification 30 Table 9 Low and high projections 36 Table 10 Building zone types according to the canton in selected corridor 37 Table 11 Degree of convergence components 49 Table 12 Offer change in primary corridor municipalities 54 Table 13 Degrees of convergence for two different 150-meter trains in the corridor Payerne Fribourg 91 Table 14 Double-Domino train on RER Fribourg Freiburg in Table 15 Targeted projections including passenger allowances for the municipality of Grolley 102 Table 16 New density indexes 103 Table 17 Targeted and updated passenger projections for the municipality of Grolley with density index changes 104 Table 18 Strengths and weaknesses of density index changes in Grolley 104 Table 19 Targeted and updated passenger projections for the municipality of Grolley with building zone transfers 109 Table 20 Strengths and weaknesses of building zone transfers in Grolley 110 Table 21 Targeted and updated passenger projections for the municipality of Grolley with building zone size changes 115 Table 22 Strengths and weaknesses of building zone size changes in Grolley 116 Table 23 Targeted and updated passenger projections for the municipality of Grolley with mixed approach 121 Table 24 Strengths and weaknesses of mixed approach in Grolley 122 X

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10 1 Abstract An integrative planning is a precondition for a sustainable and economical spatial development. However, such a planning is never an easy task. This thesis focuses on two planning fields of importance, namely the building zones and the public transportation, and puts them in relation. In order to understand and to analyze this relation, this study is composed of two essential parts. First, a method and a model are developed to put in relation building zones and public transport offers. This relation is quantitively estimated to express the level of integration of building zone and public transport planning. This estimation is called in the present study degree of convergence. In a second step, some planning integration strategies are suggested and tested with the method s model. The goal is to give an idea of different possible approaches that can lead to a better planning integration. The model is mainly based on building zone reserves. To produce projections, it takes into account various factors such as existing municipality statistics, reserves availability, local building zone regulations, mobility demands and reserves distance to the train stations. The model makes projections in different fields: - Land reserves in building zones - Population (inhabitants and jobs) - Passengers (especially for the critical train in the peak hour) Then, it is possible to compare the passenger projections with the planned train capacity. In this way, corridors can be analyzed with the model to estimate the level of planning integration between building zones and public transport. A corridor in the region of Fribourg, Switzerland, is chosen as a case study because it is one of the fastest growing areas in Switzerland. In this particular regional context, a good planning integration is crucial. Based on the findings of the corridor s analysis, strategies for a better integration of building zone and public transport planning are suggested. They demonstrate that various actions can be taken and combined to balance the different planning fields. The model is used to quantitively evaluate the different suggested strategies. The art is to find a balanced planning between building zones and transport offers. 1

11 This report is structured in 14 chapters including the abstract, the conclusion and the appendix. A quick overview of the content is given in Table 1. Table 1 Report structure # Chapter title Content 1 Abstract Quick overview of the study 2 General context The importance of such a study in the canton of Fribourg 3 Planning context The planning context in the canton of Fribourg 4 Planning systems The difference of paradigms between building zone and public transport planning 5 Situation overview A summary of the current situation 6 Study approach The underlying logic of the study 7 Study limitations The temporal and geographical limitations of the study 8 Analysis methodology The method to evaluate the degree of planning integration and the detailed description of the model 9 Corridor selection The selection of a corridor for the investigation 10 Corridor results The model s results in the selected corridor 11 Convergence strategy overview 12 Convergence strategy in selected corridor The different possible approaches for a better planning integration A selection of possible measures for a better planning integration in the selected corridor 13 Conclusion Recommendations and conclusion 14 Appendix Additional documents Own representation. 2