Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme

Transcription

1 Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme Teruhisa KOMATSU Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo

2 W-III 1996 ICAM-P (Huang) Ocean Remote Sensing Programme A history Workshop for ORSP Establishment W-V 2002 SEA-GOOS ORSP-I (Kawamura) NGSST-P (Kawamura) RedTide-P (Huang) NEAR-GOOS NGSST Demonstration Operation Red Tide Watcher HAB (Fukuyo) 6th-S: Workshop for OC-P Establishment W-VI 2005 ORSP-II (Kawamura) NGSST-P (Kawamura) OC-P (Ishizaka&Ahn) NEAR-GOOS NGSST-WG (Kawamura) YOC YSLME NOWPAP

3 4.1.7 Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme Programme TOR: Satellite + Computer + Network / Promote of application activities using satellite observations in the WESTPAC region (Introduction of the New Technology) / Conduct international remote sensing projects for better understanding of the WESTPAC region and development of applications (Demonstration of the New Technology) / Contribute to the regional GOOS through the above-mentioned activities (Design and Implementation of the New observing system)

4 Activities for the intersessional period of Under the project leadership of Dr. Hiroshi Kawamura, the project has focused on New Generation Sea Surface Temperature (NGSST) and Ocean Color.

5 Activities for the intersessional period of NGSST project i) The NGSST-O demonstration operation has been continuing since September 2003 ii) The NGSST-C strategic plan was developed and distributed to the NEARGOOS-related communities (1-km, 6-hourly coastal SST with front information) iii) The NEARGOOS/NGSST-WG was formed, and the kick-off meeting was successfully done last November

6 New Generation Sea Surface Temperature Project Workshop in 2008: 10 presentations (35 participants) Open side meeting in 2008 (15 participants) Meeting discussions: 1) Lessons learned from the NGSST-P in NEARGOOS region 2) Long interaction with NGSST-P and SEAGOOS 3) NGSST areal extension to the southeast Asian seas Meeting conclusions: 1) Start NGSST R&D in the southeast Asian Seas 2) Set up a small scientist group for the R&G (Easy start!!) 2) SEAGOOS cooperation is left for future

7 Ocean Color Project Workshop in 2008: 12 presentations (50 participants) Closed side meeting in2008: (9participants, 5observers) Meeting discussions: 1) Review of YOC-2007 (YSLME funded, NOWPAP cooperation) 2) Activities of YOC-2008 using the shared common dataset Meeting conclusions: 1) Continue the YOC-2008 for improvement of the OC algorithms in the YEC (cooperating with YSLME and NOWPAP)

8 Temporal/spatial variability of TSM distribution TSM(mg/L) Tang s SS algorithm The YOC-2007 has established oceanographic basis of the OC technology for the YEC

9 Outputs of YOC-2007 The YOC activities in 2007 (YOC-2007) have resulted in generation of 1) the YOC-2007 common dataset, 2) the regional OC in-water algorithms and 3) the SeaWiFS-based regional OC algorithms. Through the activities in 2007, a new regional cooperation of science-technology lead is established involving the international frameworks (YSLME, NEAR-GOOS and NOWPAP) for the marine environments.

10 Ocean Remote Sensing Programme Ocean Remote Sensing - From Satellite Oceanography to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM) 1) Review present status of the regional ORS activities (32 presentation) 2) Discuss on the regional requirements and roles of ORS, and 3) Design ORS projects for the next intersessional period

11 Ocean Remote Sensing Programme (ORSP) Objectives 1. To enhance regional ocean observing systems using remote sensing technology through intensive research & developments and capacity building 2. To promote remote sensing applications for contributing to the IOC Medium-Term Strategy To collaborate with and support to the other WESTPAC programs and the regional international frameworks using the enhanced remote sensing functions

12 3) Tentative leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo) ICAM workshop Workshop in 2008: 11 presentations (40 participants) Workshop discussions: 1) ORSP history and needs of ultra-high resolution RS 2) Possible set-up of the ICAM-related RS projects 3) Cooperation with the near-shore oceanography in the WESTPAC region Meeting conclusions: 1) Establish Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project 2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass, mangrove, etc.

13 Ultra-highresolution sensors Highresolution SST Highresolution OC 7 th -S Workshop: Ocean Remote Sensing From satellite oceanography to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM) Establishment of a new project Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Start of the NGSST R&D for the southeast Asian Seas YOC-2008 with YSLME and NOWPAP -WESTPAC fund -Project design - No WESTPAC fund - Easy start!! - No WESTPAC fund - The YOC-2008 is funded by YSLME

14 8 th General Assembly of WESTPA in Bali, Indonesia in May 2010 Reform of Ocean Remote Sensing Project was accepted: 1) Establish Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project 2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass, mangrove, etc. 3) Leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo)

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16 Buffering effect of wave and currents Spawning and nursery ground for marine animals for marine animals Background Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease Erosion of bottom substrate Zostera marinain in Seto Seto Inland Inland Sea Sea

17 Buffering effect of wave and currents Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease Erosion of bottom substrate

18 Production of seagrass and seaweed beds in cash Example of Seto Inland Sea Japan Annual production per 1 ha (10,000yen) in Seto Inland Sea in 1971 Regions Moba Region Bungo Suido Suo Nada Iyo Nada Hiroshima Bay Bingo Nada Bisan Seto Harima Nada Osaka Bay Kii Straight Source: Nansei Regional Fisheries Laboratory, 1974

19 Background Ecological roles and services of coastal habitats (seagrass and seaweed beds, coral reefs, mangroves, tidal flats) High primary production High biodiversity through providing habitats for animals and plants Supply of marine bio-resources as foods for local people Production of O 2 and absorption of CO 2 and nutrients Environmental stability e.g. buffering effect against water movements Creation of environment

20 Seto Inland Sea case Reclamation in Seto Inland Sea around 1960s Seagrass beds in Seto Inland Sea

21 Law on Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea Cumulative reclamation and Zostera marina

22 Threatened coastal ecosystems in the world Background Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision Three quarters of world population will live within 100 km from the coast till 2025 and threaten coastal ecosystems World Bank (2003) World Development Report

23 Threatened coastal ecosystems Background Coral reef Blast coral fishing Devastated reef bottom Agricultural pollution Industrial pollution Reclamation

24 Remote sensing is an efficient and practical method for monitoring and surveillance of coastal habitats Background Realizing sustainable use of coastal habitats Monitoring, control and surveillance of coastal habitats are indispensable for sustainable development of fisheries and human society. In Southeast Asia, monitoring and surveillance of coastal areas are key issue due to broad unknown areas for policy makers and even for local people.

25 Sensors for coastal remote sensing Aerial photography Launch of Landsat satellite (1972) Sensors with spatial resolution (30~100 m) were most widely used (e.g. Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Landsat TM) long-time series/inexpensive data Sensors with better spatial resolution <10 m (e.g. IKONOS, SPOT) better spectral & spatial versatility/extremely expensive data JAXA launched ALOS (2006) AVNIR-2 spatial resolution(10 m)/multispectral (420~890nm)/radiometric (8 bits) PRISM spatial resolution (2.5 m)/panchromatic ( nm)/8bits

26 Characteristics of AVNIR-2 sensor Swath Width Spatial Resolution 70 km ( at nadir) 10 m (at nadir) Wavelength Band 1: µm (visible blue) Band 2: µm (visible green) Band 3: µm (visible red) Band 4: µm (near infrared) Scanning Bands 1, method 2, 3 and Push 4 are broom nearly equivalent to those Pointing of LANDSAT angle TM. + 44⁰ Quantization We can analyze time 8 bitsseries data consisting of LANDSAT TM and ALOS from 1973 to now.

27 Monitoring of habitats in Malaysia Sibu Island:Seagrass, seaweed and coral habitats Time series data analysis by Prof. M. Ibrahim Seeni (UTM) ALOS (2008) LANDSAT (2005) ALOS AVNIR-2 (2008) LANDSAT-5 TM (2005) No seagrass Seagrass Sargassum Live coral 27

28 Remote sensing of coral lagoon around Barrang Lompo Island, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, based on AVNIR-2 image taken in October 2006 Examination of sidescan sonar-based seatruth data Live corals Map Comparison among islands Time series data analysis Island Information on seabottom in 2006 Classified as healthy coral but seatruth showed they were dead in 2008 Damaged corals

29 Objective of the workshop Start-up of this project to exchange current information on the coastal habitat mapping in member states To identify target coastal area for mapping habitats in each participant s country from various viewpoints such as important ecosystems, vulnerability of ecosystem, their distributions, human impacts including fishing activities and reclamation, contrasting areas with and without conservation measures. To exchange and review coastal habitat mapping and sea-truthing methods, ameliorate and standardize these methods adapting to the WESTPAC region in this project. To discuss some appropriate outreach products on coastal habitat mapping for integrated coastal area management at the end of this project and the future activities to be carried out in the next year.

30 Remote sensing can visualize habitat conditions Remote sensing of habitat mapping Sustainable coastal environments Policy makers Local people

31 Schedule plan of ORSP for ICAM Review the remote sensing methods for coastal habitats and aquaculture facilities To have a current mapping methods of coastal habitats, and identify common method to be used in some identified areas Collection of information about mapping methods March 2011 Analyze initial mapping results of coastal habitat and aquaculture facilities Analyze the results generated from Remote Sensing and overcome problems encounted in mapping coastal habitats Elaboration of mapping methods are expected Decem ber 2011 Dissemination of mapping products of Remote sensing on the coastal habitat Dissemination of research results for local people and policy makers Remote Sensing Products on coastal habitat May/Ju ne 2012

32 Please join us! Thank you for your attention