RSS-In situ WG Recommenda3ons. Heidi Sosik, Jay Pearlman RCN 2014 Mee3ng December

Transcription

1 RSS-In situ WG Recommenda3ons Heidi Sosik, Jay Pearlman RCN 2014 Mee3ng December

2 Insitu-RS Interfaces Thoughts on how to integrate future satellite measurements with future measurements from ocean observing systems to study ocean/coastal processes. Jim Yoder WHOI Curt Davis Oregon State University Eric Delory Oceanic PlaRorm of the Canary Islands Heidi Dierssen, University of Connec3cut Paul DiGiacomo, NOAA-NESDIS Amala Mahadevan, WHOI Frank Muller-Karger, Univ of South Florida Dave Siegel, University of California, Santa Barbara Heidi Sosik, WHOI Focus is on coastal environments with a scenario of regions of large river influx.

3 Recommenda3ons The recommenda3ons cover four areas: Satellite Observa3ons In situ Observa3ons Data, Analyses and Modeling Educa3on

4 Satellite Observa3ons Satellite data of key ocean variables (SST, ocean color, Winds, al3metry, etc.) are only valuable if they are well calibrated and comparable between sensors and over years to decades. Therefore we strongly support the 3mely launch of new satellite systems to assure con*nuity of satellite observa*ons and the careful cross calibra*on of data across missions for coastal science.

5 Satellite Observa3ons Geosynchronous and polar satellites provide unique and complimentary views of the coastal ocean. Geosynchronous satellites provide high repe33on data for lower la3tude but do not cover from 50 degrees to the poles, while polar orbiters can cover these la3tudes at high frequency and all la3tudes at poten3ally higher spa3al resolu3on. For this reason we support a balanced system of geosynchronous and polar satellites. As a longer term objec3ve, we support the development of a constella*on of small satellites covering all la*tudes at high frequency (1-3 hours) and adequate spectral and spa3al resolu3on for the coastal ocean (e.g HICO resolu3on h_p://hico.coas.oregonstate.edu).

6 Satellite Observa3ons We recommend broadening the inputs to and review of requirements during the development for Decadal Survey systems to include coastal ocean requirements. As the next genera3on of earth-observing satellite sensors progress through design and implementa3on phases, it will be important to highlight appropriate priori3es for integrated coastal ocean observing. For each upcoming U S satellite sensor (e.g., PACE, GEO-CAPE, HyspIRI, etc.), there will be trade-off considera3ons amongst temporal repeat frequency, spa3al resolu3on, spectral resolu3on, mission cost, and payload size. Well-jus3fied and quan3fiable needs for coastal problems will be cri3cal to ensure the most effec3ve mission capabili3es for integra3on with in situ observa3ons and model results.

7 Satellite missions The PACE mission will make global ocean color measurements to provide extended data records on ocean ecology and global biogeochemistry (e.g., carbon cycle) along with polarimetry measurements to provide extended data records on clouds and aerosols GEO-CAPE provides con3nuous informa3on on coastal ocean regions to study the impact of climate change and human ac3vity including pollutants The Hyperspectral Infrared Imager or HyspIRI mission will study the world s ecosystems and provide cri3cal informa3on on natural disasters such as volcanoes, wildfires and drought.

8 Satellite Observa3ons Improve satellite data interoperability to allow ready access to and use of the satellite data regardless of the user s technical background or discipline. To do this, we recommend leveraging systems and approaches being developed under the NSF EarthCube program (h_p://earthcube.org/ ).

9 In situ Observa3ons ARGO floats have greatly improved our view of the internal structure of the global ocean and been essen3al for valida3on of basin scale physical and bio-op3cal proper3es measured with satellites. For the coastal ocean we recommend that the new genera*on of coastal ARGO floats include bio-op*cal sensors (IOCCG 2011), including transmissometers (water clarity), chlorophyll fluorometers ( a rough indicator of phytoplankton biomass under ideal condi3ons), oxygen and backsca_ering meters (back-sca_ered solar spectral irradiance to compare with satellite-derived measurements). For data compa3bility, instrumenta*on should be the same or similar to that already available on open ocean Argo floats and gliders (this includes miniaturized nutrient, as well as ph and carbon sensors to further study the effect of water discharge to coastal waters).

10 In situ Observa3ons Further development and use of gliders and AUVs for the coastal ocean is also needed. These plarorms will complement coastal ARGO floats by providing more synop3c and extended horizontal coverage, as well as having the poten3al for larger sensor payloads. New forms of communica*on and sensor control are becoming available and should be further supported. For example, sensor webs allow real 3me control of sensors and implementa3on of standards such as OGC PUCK provide plug and play sensor/plarorm interfaces to improve the use of sensors in mul3ple plarorms.

11 In situ Observa3ons Expand the use of targets (i.e. plaqorms) of opportunity Invest in programs for op3mal use of plarorms-ofopportunity (fishing vessels, ferries, transport ships, energy industry infrastructure, etc.) to enable costeffec3ve ocean sampling. This should include development of appropriate sensor systems that can be deployed and maintained readily on a variety of plarorms. This approach can complement autonomous research plarorms such as gliders and floats, with advantages including lower cost and logis3cal challenges and greater poten3al for sensor payload (e.g., more demanding biological and chemical sensors).

12 Data Analyses and Modeling All coastal data (in situ and satellite) needs to be quality assured, and made available in a consistent format in near-real *me. High-resolu*on (< 1 km) coupled physical bio-op*cal models of the coastal ocean are essen*al for the merging of these disparate data sets into a coherent picture of the coastal ocean and must be an integral part of any coastal observing system. Like the weather system for atmospheric measurements validated model outputs will be the primary format that is used by other scien3sts and the general public.

13 Data Analyses and Modeling Improved interoperability between sensors and between relevant data/informa*on infrastructures would aid in suppor*ng incorpora*on of measurements into models. This is par3cularly true for coastal and river observa3ons and modeling as the hydrological models are developed by disciplines that are usually separate from the ocean research community. New techniques such as interoperability through brokering and mul*-disciplinary standards under development by NSF EarthCube should be considered and validated for coastal observa3ons and modeling.

14 Educa3on We an3cipate the need for expanded educa*on at the undergraduate and MS level to provide the professionals to operate the Coastal Observing System and work in formal and informal coastal ocean educa3on. Develop a seminar series for Ci*zen Science volunteers. Explore where Ci*zen Science can contribute to quan3ta3ve coastal research. The presenta3ons should be made to local communi3es through exis3ng organiza3ons such as local United States Power Squadrons, yacht clubs, IEEE Chapters etc. Generate a Ci3zen Science course equivalent to DVD Great Courses (The Learning Company) by outstanding lecturers on Sensors, PlaRorms, Data formats, Quality and calibra3ons, Repor3ng and archiving.

15 Other comments/discussion