GIS and Remote Sensing applications for the coastal environment quality monitoring and support of the Romanian ICZM process implementation

Transcription

1 ESRI User Conference October 2012, Oslo, Norway GIS and Remote Sensing applications for the coastal environment quality monitoring and support of the Romanian ICZM process implementation Razvan Mateescu, Alina Spinu N.I.M.R.D. Grigore Antipa, Blvd. Mamaia, no.300, Constanta, code , ROMANIA,

2 Overview 1. Introduction - General data 2. Main threats on Romanian CZ 3. Research activities for WQ & Erosion control 4. ICZM & MSP activities 5. Support activities for ICZM implementations 6. Conclusions 7. Photo gallery

3 Abstract The modern remote sensing tools used in the coastal resource management will become one of the best alternatives to address the coastal vulnerability issues. Approaches encompassed in the present work will present the recent development of an increased understanding over the coastal process on synoptic scale afferent Romanian shore, and will give the possibility of an advised selection of different solutions for protection and conservation of the area. The work presents the certain spatial analysis approaches and results, developed in ArcGIS, based on RS and in situ data, towards an erosion control on the Romanian littoral, presently under intense changes at the sea-land interface, and it will be emphasized the result of the implementation of GIS and Remote sensing methods to some specific coastal management actions, including the implementation of the coastal zone delineation criteria in relation with the coastal geomorphologic processes and its driving forces. Index Terms: coastal zone sustainability, water quality, erosion processes, vulnerable areas, ICZM

4 BLACK SEA BASIN - Total area: 4.2 x 105 km2 - Total water volume: 547,015 km3 - Maximum depth: 2,212 m - Drainage basin: > 2 million km2 - Shoreline length: > 4,100 km - Population: > 160 million people - Riparian countries: 6 (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine)

5 NW BLACK SEA BASIN Romanian Shelf Waters (<200m) Highly dynamic system Most productive area of the Black Sea strongly influenced by the Danube s discharges climatic processes High temporal variability of optimal blooming conditions Open Waters Less productive system Less temporal variability of favorable blooming conditions Production mainly influenced by climatic processes which govern stratification, upwelling and water masses circulation 1 1. McQUATTERS-GOLLOP, A., MEE, D., L., RAITSOS, D., E., SHAPIRO, D., I., 2008, Non-linearities, regime shifts and recovery: The recent influence of climate of Black Sea chlorophyll, Journal of Marine Systems, 74,

6 ROMANIA 0.97 ROMANIAN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA Over 244 km length (between Musura Branch si Vama Veche). Represent 6% of total length of Black Sea shore Geographically is formed by: Natural shore (beach and cliffs circa 84%) Artificial shore (ports, coastal structures for protection - circa 16% ). The charactheristical zones of the shore are divided in two geomorphological units: Northern unit (the Danube Delta and the Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex), stretching on 170 km, from Ucraina border to Midia and consist on shore with delats, lagoons and levees, been formed of marine-river accretions, recent shells sands, desposed under shapes of beach and litoral belts with relativelow cota, often less than 2m; Southern unit (Cap Midia - Vama Veche, at Bulgarian border), with a approximatelly length of 74 km, it is a relative high shore, with cliffs, mostlly active, of maximum high is ircca 35 m., and small beaches at basis Length OF COASTALINE PER UNIT OF LAND AREA (KM/1000SKM) JAPAN 91.3 USA 2.2 GERMANY 6.8 ENGLAND 51.4 FRANCE 6.2 ITALY 17 CANADA 10 KOREA 24.1

7 MAIN THREATS in the Romanian coastal zone Coastal erosion / floods threatens most at: Northern sector: -Section between Sulina & St. George and south of St. George Southern sector: beaches of the touristic resorts: Mamaia Constanta Eforie Nord Eforie Sud Costinesti Olimp to Mangalia Pollution/WQ caused by: Non-point sources (agriculture) Point-sources (ind.+ mun. waste water) Potential water shortage in North of Constanta County Land use Potential land-use conflicts due to: increasing land demand due to urban growth. increasing land demand for tourism development increasing land demand for industrialization close to urban centers unplanned settlements

8 WQ - Monitoring Program q Romanian Monitoring (part of BSIMAP) grid - 44 stations 21 in coastal waters 12 in transitional waters 11 in marine waters q inner shelf waters covered quite well spatially and temporally in the National Monitoring Program q outer shelf and open waters - occasionally covered within the framework of various projects (i.e. SESAME) or the collaboration with other institutes (i.e. JRC, IOBAS, GeoEcoMar)

9 COASTAL EROSION PROGRAM: SHORELINE CHANGES MONITORING Shoreline changes Sulina-Vadu Erosion/Accretion (m) Canal Sonda Lacul Rosu Radare Sulina Casla Vadanei The Northern Unit EROSION = 78% Nord Sf Gheorghe AFP-very strong accretion >+325m; DYNAMIC STABILITY= 6% Sf. Gheorghe AP-strong accretion ; AM-medium accretion ; ACCRETION = 22% Ciotica AS- low accretion ; SR-dynamic stability ; ES-low erosion ; EM-medium erosion EP-strong erosion ; EFP-very strong erosion <-325. A F P AP AM AS 2% 4% 9% 8% SR EFP 6% 11% ES EP 17% 11% EM 32% A F P AP AM AS SR ES EM EP EFP Sections (1km) Zatonul Mic Zatonul Mare Perisor Periteasca The Southern Unit AFP-very strong accretion >+35m; AP-strong accretion ; AM-medium accretion ; AS-low accretion ; EROSION = 42% DYNAMIC STABILITY = 18% ACRETIUNE = 40% Sud Gura Portitei Far Portita Nord Periboina Periboina Edighiol Nord Gura Portitei EROSION ACCRETION SR-dynamic stability +5-5; EM EP 10% EFP 10% AFP 3% AP 7% AM 7% Gr Chituc ES-low erosion ; 7% Graniceri EM-medium erosion EP-strong erosion ; EFP-very strong erosion <-35. AS 19% ES 20% SR 17% AFP AP AM AS SR ES EM EP EFP Gr. Chituc-Vadu Vadu

10 Main Causes of Coastal Erosion The human interventions on Romanian Shore: - the development of the hydrotehnical works on the main river Natural courses, sites with having high as ecological effect the value decreasing under of the influence of coastal erosion solid discharge of Danube river with more than 50 70% (Bondar et al, 1992) - the extension of the navigation jetties and port LEGEND breakwaters having as effect the deviation Natural sites of coastal Area in hectares sediments drift through distancing/separation 5000 of their 0 discharging point in the sea; the sequential, superposed, redundant development of the hard coastal protection construction Centimeters Sediment Discharge Rs (Kg/s) Danube Sediment Discharge at Vadu Oii hydrographic station - Km.247 ( ) Sea level time series at Constantza( ) Sea level = 0.17cm/year y = x R 2 = y = x x 2 + 1E+06x - 7E+08 R 2 = y = x R 2 = y = x R 2 = Iron Gates I Years Iron Gates II

11 ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL EROSION / VULNERABILITY Extension of a Masterplan for coastal protection: JICA 2005, HALCROW 2011 Shoreline position: aerial photography, historical maps, satellite images, recent GPS measurements: Beach processes modeling beach width/protection solution design Distance from infrastructure Beach Volume Temporal change: response forecast Accretion or erosion How long until: Beach width/volume or Infrastructure/ecosystem compromised

12 SHORELINE MAPPING GPS measurements Sand-belt closing Musura bay: GPS measurements 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2002

13 SHORELINE MAPPING - cont Shoreline changes Sulina-Vadu Erosion/Accretion (m) Sulina Radare Canal Sonda Lacul Rosu Casla Vadanei Nord Sf Gheorghe Sf. Gheorghe Ciotica Zatonul Mic Zatonul Mare Sections (1km) Perisor Periteasca Nord Gura Portitei Sud Gura Portitei Far Portita Nord Periboina Periboina Edighiol Gr Chituc Graniceri Gr. Chituc-Vadu Vadu

14 COASTAL DELINEATION STUDIES: boundaries issues/setbacks GIS Support for Experimental research on the wave run-up

15 Sulina Channel Sulina area Black Sea

16 ICZM process implementation Motivation: 1.Intensive use of resources: over- fishing, pollution, coastal erosion; 2. Population pressure & urbanization: relative high population growth in coastal areas and towns; 3.Envisaged long term impacts of global Climate Change: - Accelerated Sea Level Rise (+/- 60cm/century), - Increase of weather turbulence, - Increase of salt water intrusion. on Romanian CZ Marine Strategy Framework Directive: establishes a framework within which: Member States shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by the year 2020 at the latest.

17 Institutional and legislative measures - underlined in Coastal Law Specific legislation in course of updating - coastal zone law or development - ICZM Strategy& Action Plan Institutional structure: National Committee, Working Groups &Technical Secretariat National Level Technical Secretariat Working Group Working Group National Committee National ICZM Strategy Strategic Monitoring & Control Working Group Local & Regional Level Territorial and Urban planning Integrated Water Resources Management Environmental Management & Nature Protection Agriculture Tourism Trade & Commerce Industry Fisheries Health, Education, etc Local sector agencies

18 Support activities for implementation: On-going national actions/projects 1. ECOMAGIS: IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPLEX GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIC SYSTEM FOR ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT, THROUGH INTEGRATED MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCOENOSIS STATUS AND ITS EVOLUTION TRENDS IN A FAST CHANGING ENVIRONMENT AT THE ROMANIAN COASTAL ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA considered as a continuation at a superior level of the PN /2008 project IMAGIS Complex system for the application of the GIS and remote sensing techniques to support the environmental quality monitoring and ICZM process implementation in the Romanian coastal zone. Project Aim The aim of the project is to establish scientific and technological network for the implementation of an integrated informational system, to support the Integrated Coastal Zone Management activities, for an effective protection, conservation and rehabilitation of coastal the ecosystem of the Romanian Black Sea area. Specific objectives: 1. operational integrate informational system providing near-real/real time marine and coastal meteo-hydro-bio-geomorphologic information to increase the control capacity and awareness at regional scale; 2. data and information to support management efforts to monitor and evaluate the marine coastal environment of Romanian waters; 3. assessments and forecasts of the coastal ecological state based on the remote and in situ coastal monitoring and Coastal-Marine Ecosystem-base Management Tools Network; 4. forecasts to relevant bodies and/or coastal stakeholders; web-portal, for environmental bodies. Supporting networking/collaboration, project developments and information access for marine and land use decision within NCCZ

19 The WEB-GIS component fulfils requirements of presenting relevant information in the scope of the project and raise awareness of professional partners/public regarding the evolution of marine and coastal environment indicators. System Functionalities: Spatial Data Access: WMS: Interactive, complex information within simple format Documents and Processes Management: pdf format Support Information System for Analysis and Simulation: connection with other national and European data portal : SDN, BSFS, etc. These functionalities allow achieving the following objectives: 1-GIS Identify vulnerable and high risk areas Description of time evolution of monitored areas Management of protected areas 2- Documents and Processes Management: Real time data processing Data Analysis/ Auditing / Validation / Redundant information reduction 3- Analysis and simulation system: Reports/Statistics Notifications/Alerts ECOMAGIS cont.

20 Conclusions Romanian coastal area is confronting with a significant issues toward European WFD/ICZM/MSPD s Implementation and also: Implementation of the national coastal law/iczm rules and regulations Erosion control In the near future, the implementation of the conservation-rehabilitation measures outlined by the Masterplan for the erosion control within southern sector: WQ monitoring Developing a monitoring-modeling-management systems/tools for WQ control q improved data validation extended coverage area for in-situ measurements through common cruises (future collaboration with other institutions) collect discrete samples (spatial and temporal) when is possible q better use of GIS&RS products: web application support/wms better dissemination (more papers based on these data) use data in more national and international projects use data in other research areas (i.e. fisheries marine ecology) assimilation of technology of processing and delivery

21 Conclusion cont. Enforcement of the Urbanism Plan for Ro Coastal Zone The new setbacks limits & resettlement have an important role in CZ protection and management but it may create a further population/investment pressure in the Romanian BSCZ The CZ s ecological & physical condition: not optimal for the ecological integration, and it is crucial to consider the ecosystem based practices for Romanian BSCZ Implementation of WEB-GIS to support CZ/ICZM policies has great socio-economic importance for coastal stakeholders and contributes to the CZ protection and management, as well for the coastal delimitation/delineation policy and also contributes to the sustainable development of the CZ

22 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!